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Chip-integrated van der Waals PN heterojunction photodetector with low dark current and high responsivity

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 901-910页

作者： Ruijuan Tian Xuetao Gan Chen Li Xiaoqing Chen Siqi Hu Linpeng Gu dries Van Thourhout Andres Castellanos-Gomez Zhipei Sun Jianlin Zhao Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition Ministry of Industry and Information Technologyand Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information TechnologySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical University710129 Xi’anChina Photonics Research Group and Center for Nano and Biophotonics Ghent UniversityB-9000 GentBelgium Materials Science Factory Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid(ICMM-CSIC)E-28049 MadridSpain Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering and QTF Centre of Excellence Aalto UniversityFI-02150 EspooFinland

Two-dimensional materials are attractive for constructing high-performance photonic chip-integrated photodetectors because of their remarkable electronic and optical properties and dangling-bond-free ***,the reported chip-integrated two-dimensional material photodetectors were mainly implemented with the configuration of metalsemiconductor-metal,suffering from high dark currents and low responsivities at high operation ***,we report a van der Waals PN heterojunction photodetector,composed of p-type black phosphorous and n-type molybdenum telluride,integrated on a silicon nitride *** built-in electric field of the PN heterojunction significantly suppresses the dark current and improves the *** a bias of 1 V pointing from n-type molybdenum telluride to p-type black phosphorous,the dark current is lower than 7 nA,which is more than two orders of magnitude lower than those reported in other waveguide-integrated black phosphorus *** intrinsic responsivity up to 577 mA W^(−1) is ***,the van der Waals PN heterojunction is tunable by the electrostatic doping to further engineer its rectification and improve the photodetection,enabling an increased responsivity of 709 mA W^(−1).Besides,the heterojunction photodetector exhibits a response bandwidth of~1.0 GHz and a uniform photodetection over a wide spectral range,as experimentally measured from 1500 to 1630 *** demonstrated chip-integrated van der Waals PN heterojunction photodetector with low dark current,high responsivity and fast response has great potentials to develop high-performance on-chip photodetectors for various photonic integrated circuits based on silicon,lithium niobate,polymer,etc.

关键词： heterojunction responsivity waveguide

Importance of overstorey attributes for understorey litter production and nutrient cycling in European forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 591-601页

作者： dries Landuyt Evy Ampoorter Cristina CBastias Raquel Benavides Sandra Müller Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Fernando Valladares Safaa Wasof Kris Verheyen Forest&Nature Lab Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium LINCGlobal Department of Biogeography and Global ChangeNational Museum of Natural Science-CSICMadridSpain Faculty of Biology GeobotanyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany.

Background:In contrast with the negligible contribution of the forest understorey to the total aboveground phytobiomass of a forest,its share in annual litter production and nutrient cycling may be more *** and how this functional role of the understorey differs across forest types and depends upon overstorey characteristics remains to be ***:We sampled 209 plots of the FunDivEUROPE Exploratory Platform,a network of study plots covering local gradients of tree diversity spread over six contrasting forest types in *** estimate the relative contribution of the understorey to carbon and nutrient cycling,we sampled non-lignified aboveground understorey biomass and overstorey leaf litterfall in all *** samples were analysed for C,N and P concentrations,overstorey leaf litterfall for C and N *** additionally quantified a set of overstorey attributes,including species richness,proportion of evergreen species,light availability(representing crown density)and litter quality,and investigated whether they drive the understorey’s contribution to carbon and nutrient *** and conclusions:Overstorey litter production and nutrient stocks in litterfall clearly exceeded the contribution of the understorey for all forest types,and the share of the understorey was higher in forests at the extremes of the climatic *** most of the investigated forest types,it was mainly light availability that determined the contribution of the understorey to yearly carbon and nutrient *** species richness did not affect the contribution of the understorey to carbon and nutrient cycling in any of the investigated forest types.

关键词： FunDivEUROPE Nutrient cycling Litter production Understorey Overstorey Tree species richness Light availability Litter quality Proportion evergreen tree species

Lithium-Metal-Free Sulfur Batteries with Biochar and Steam-Activated Biochar-Based Anodes from Spent Common Ivy

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 118-128页

作者： Pejman Salimi Willem Vercruysse Susana Chauque Saeed Yari Eleonora Venezia Amine Lataf Nahal Ghanemnia Muhammad Shajih Zafar Mohammadhosein Safari An Hardy Remo Proietti Zaccaria dries Vandamme Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30Genoa 16163Italy Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of Genovavia Dodecaneso 31Genoa I-16146Italy Analytical and Circular Chemistry(ACC) Hasselt UniversityMartelarenlaan 42Hasselt BE3500Belgium Institute for Materials Research(imo-imomec) Hasselt UniversityMartelarenlaan 42Hasselt BE3500Belgium Centre for Environmental Sciences(CMK) Hasselt UniversityMartelarenlaan 42Hasselt BE3500Belgium Energyville Thor Park 8310Genk BE3600Belgium IMEC Division IMOMECWetenschapspark 1Diepenbeek BE3590Belgium

Lithium-sulfur batteries are emerging as sustainable replacements for current lithium-ion *** commercial viability of this novel type of battery is still under debate due to the extensive use of highly reactive lithium-metal anodes and the complex electrochemistry of the sulfur *** this research,a novel sulfur-based battery has been proposed that eliminates the need for metallic lithium anodes and other critical raw materials like cobalt and graphite,replacing them with biomass-derived *** approach presents numerous benefits,encompassing ample availability,cost-effectiveness,safety,and environmental *** particular,two types of biochar-based anode electrodes(non-activated and activated biochar)derived from spent common ivy have been investigated as alternatives to metallic *** compared their structural and electrochemical properties,both of which exhibited good compatibility with the typical electrolytes used in sulfur ***,while steam activation results in an increased specific surface area,the non-activated ivy biochar demonstrates better performance than the activated biochar,achieving a stable capacity of 400 mA h g^(−1)at 0.1 A g^(−1)and a long lifespan(>400 cycles at 0.5 A g^(−1)).Our results demonstrate that the presence of heteroatoms,such as oxygen and nitrogen positively affects the capacity and cycling performance of the *** led to increased d-spacing in the graphitic layer,a strong interaction with the solid electrolyte interphase layer,and improved ion ***,the non-activated biochar was successfully coupled with a sulfur cathode to fabricate lithium-metal-free sulfur batteries,delivering a specific energy density of~600 Wh kg^(−1).

关键词： activated biochar biochar electrochemical performance functional groups lithium-metal-free sulfur batteries

Phylogenetic placement of lichenicolous Phoma species in the Phaeosphaeriaceae(Pleosporales,Dothideomycetes)

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第4期55卷 195-213页

作者： James D.Lawrey Paul Diederich Matthew P.Nelsen Colin Freebury dries Van den Broeck Masoumeh Sikaroodi Damien Ertz Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University4400 University DriveFairfaxVA 22030-4444USA Musée national d’histoire naturelle 25 rue MunsterL-2160 LuxembourgLuxembourg Committee on Evolutionary Biology University of Chicago1025 E.57th StreetChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Botany The Field Museum1400 S.Lake Shore DriveChicagoIL 60605USA Canadian Museum of Nature P.O.Box 3443Station DOttawaON K1P 6P4Canada Jardin Botanique National de Belgique Domaine de BouchoutB–1860 MeiseBelgium

More than twenty species of lichenicolous fungi have been described in Phoma,a large anamorphic genus of primarily plant-associated pathogens with broad geographic *** obtained nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA sequences from 19 fungal cultures isolated from specimens representing four described and two undescribed lichenicolous species in the *** multilocus phylogeny indicates that lichenicolous Phoma species represent at least two phylogenetically distinct clades in the Phaeosphaeriaceae,one including a new species,Phoma puncteliae,isolated from a specimen of Punctelia rudecta collected inMaryland,USA,and another group of primarily lichenicolous *** latter group includes four described lichenicolous Phoma species,an unidentified melanized rock fungus,and a new lichenicolous Phoma species isolated from Xanthomendoza species collected in Canada that we are naming *** specimens in this clade collected from different lichen genera and species were found to be very similar genetically,which calls into question the recent practice of recognizing lichenicolous Phoma species mainly by differences in host preference.

关键词： Anamorphic fungi Coelomycetes Conidial fungi Parasitic fungi

Localization-limited exciton oscillator strength in colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets revealed by the optically induced stark effect

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第6期10卷 1122-1132页

作者： Pieter Geiregat Carmelita Roda Ivo Tanghe Shalini Singh Alessio Di Giacomo Delphine Lebrun Gianluca Grimaldi Jorick Maes dries Van Thourhout Iwan Moreels Arjan J.Houtepen Zeger Hens Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures Department of ChemistryGhent UniversityGentBelgium. Center for Nano and Biophotonics Ghent UniversityGentBelgium. Photonics Research Group Ghent UniversityGentBelgium. Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute University of LimerickLimerickIreland. Center for Nanophotonics NWO-lnstitute AMOLFScience Park 1041098 XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands. Opto-Electronic Materials Section Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft UniversityDelftThe Netherlands

2D materials are considered for applications that require strong light-matter interaction because of the apparently giant oscillator strength of the exciton transitions in the absorbance ***,the effective oscillator strengths of these transitions have bee n scarcely reported,nor is there a con sistent interpretati on of the obtained ***,we analyse the transition dipole moment and the ensuing oscillator strength of the exciton transition in 2D CdSe nanoplatelets by means of the optically induced Stark effect(OSE).Intriguingly,we find that the exciton absorption line reacts to a high intensity optical field as a transition with an oscillator strength FStark that is 50 times smaller than expected based on the linear absorption *** propose that the pronounced exciton absorption line should be seen as the sum of multiple,low oscillator strength transitions,rather than a single high oscillator strength one,a feat we assign to strong exciton center-of-mass *** the quantum mechanical description of excitons,this 50-fold difference between both oscillator strengths corresponds to the ratio between the cohere nee area of the exciton's center of mass and the total area,which yields a coherence area of a mere 6.1 *** we find that the coherence area in creases with reducing temperature,we conclude that thermal effects,related to lattice vibrations,contribute to exciton *** further support of this localization model,we show that FStark is in dependent of the n anoplatelet area,correctly predicts the radiative lifetime,and lines up for strongly confined quantum dot systems.

关键词： coefficient. spectrum. oscillator

Taking silicon photonics modulators to a higher performance level: state-of-the-art and a review of new technologies

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Advanced Photonics 2021年第2期3卷 38-60页

作者： Abdul Rahim Artur Hermans Benjamin Wohlfeil Despoina Petousi Bart Kuyken dries Van Thourhout Roel Baets Ghent University Photonics Research GroupDepartment of Information TechnologyGhentBelgium Ghent University IMEC and Center for Nano-and BiophotonicsGhentBelgium ADVA Optical Networking BerlinGermany

Optical links are moving to higher and higher transmission speeds while shrinking to shorter and shorter ranges where optical links are envisaged even at the chip *** scaling in data speed and span of the optical links demands modulators to be concurrently performant and *** photonics(SiPh),a photonic integrated circuit technology that leverages the fabrication sophistication of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology,is well-positioned to deliver the performance,price,and manufacturing volume for the high-speed modulators of future optical communication *** has relied on the plasma dispersion effect,either in injection,depletion,or accumulation mode,to demonstrate efficient high-speed *** high-speed plasma dispersion silicon modulators have been commercially deployed and have demonstrated excellent *** years have seen a paradigm shift where the integration of various electro-refractive and electro-absorptive materials has opened up additional routes toward performant SiPh *** modulators are in the early years of their *** promise to extend the performance beyond the limits set by the physical properties of *** focus of our study is to provide a comprehensive review of contemporary(i.e.,plasma dispersion modulators)and new modulator implementations that involve the integration of novel materials with SiPh.

关键词： high-speed modulators silicon photonics plasma dispersion effect ferroelectrics graphene III-V on Si organic(electro-optic)materials.

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第二个立体仓库解决了物流问题

机电信息（北京） 2001年第12期 34-37页

作者： Johannes dries Demag Crancs & Components有限责任公司

一家奥地利的塑料和橡胶产品生产厂由于发展的要求,它原有的一座立体仓库已经不能满足需要了。由于不能对现有的仓库进行扩建,因此他们决定再建造一个立体仓库,利用厂内运输车辆保证企业内的物流畅通。

关键词：立体仓库物流塑料橡胶

Hydrological Controls on Nutrient Exportation from Old-Growth Evergreen Rainforests and <i>Eucalyptus nitens</i>Plantation in Headwater Catchments at Southern Chile

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2015年第2期5卷 19-31页

作者： Carlos E. Oyarzun Pedro Hervé-Fernández dries Huygens Pascal Boeckx Niko E. C. Verhoest Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management Faculty Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina

Soil cover disturbances have a direct effect on biogeochemistry, potentially enhancing nutrient loss, land degradation and associated changes in ecosystem services and livelihood support. The objective of this study was to assess how canopy affected throughfall chemistry and how hydrology affected stream nutrient load responses in two watersheds dominated by native old-growth evergreen rainforest (NF) and exotic plantation of Eucalyptus nitens (EP), located at the Coastal mountain range of southern Chile (40°S). We measured nitrogen (NO3-N, NH4-N, Organic-N, Total-N) and total phosphorus (Total-P) at catchment discharge, and δ18O in throughfall precipitation and stream discharge in both catchments, in order to separate throughfall (or new water) contributions during storm events. It was hypothesized that all nutrients showed an increase in concentration as discharge increased (or enhanced hydrological access), in EP;but not in NF. Our results indicated that Organic-N, Total-N and Total-P concentrations were positively related to discharge. However, NO3--N showed a negative correlation with catchment discharge. Organic-N and Total-P showed a flush during storm events;the opposite was observed for NO3--N. However, this behavior suggested that NO3--N was being retained by charged particles or soil micro biota, whether Organic-N was flushed as it was more concentrated in big pore water that was not tightly attached, compared with NO3--N.

关键词： Native Rainforests Exotic Plantations Nutrient Fluxes Hydrological Controls Headwater Catchments

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《SHOCK》2021年第12期新观点

实用休克杂志（中英文） 2021年第6期5卷 367-370页

作者： David J.dries 童明(译) 不详湖南省人民医院(湖南师范大学附属第一医院)

本期《休克》杂志带来了当代休克管理思考的优秀总结以及突破性的临床和基础研究。开篇是Wu等对迄今为止氢化可的松、维生素C和硫胺素联合治疗脓毒症和脓毒性休克患者证据的荟萃分析^([1])。这一联合治疗复苏概念自2017年由Marik及其同... 详细信息

本期《休克》杂志带来了当代休克管理思考的优秀总结以及突破性的临床和基础研究。开篇是Wu等对迄今为止氢化可的松、维生素C和硫胺素联合治疗脓毒症和脓毒性休克患者证据的荟萃分析^([1])。这一联合治疗复苏概念自2017年由Marik及其同事推广以来一直备受争议。详细的搜索策略遵循Prisma指南,数据库包括PubMed、Cochrane Library和Embase,截止日期至2020年11月11日,对象是成人患者,结局评估包括血管活性药物治疗时间、序贯器官衰竭评估评分变化和死亡率。

关键词：血管活性药物脓毒性休克成人患者荟萃分析氢化可的松 Cochrane 脓毒症硫胺素