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Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEjIA Gustavo Lima URBIETA Bruna da Silva XAVIER Isaíjorge de CASTRO joséjúlio DE TOLEDO Gustavo GRACIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS William douglas CARVALHO Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main parasites.However,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network structures.Here,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host sexes.We captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian Amazon.Despite female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically significant.The pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 compartments.The total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,respectively.Connectance values were very low for the pooled network and for all subnetworks.Our results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry season.Moreover,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male subnetwork.Therefore,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network structure.Future studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel Moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

Persistent diarrhea with petechial rash-unusual pattern of light chain amyloidosis deposition on skin and gastrointestinal biopsies:A case report

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World journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第28期10卷 10252-10259页

作者： Shawna E Bilton Nikhil Shah Diana Dougherty Sarah Simpson Alex Holliday Farhad Sahebjam douglas j Grider Department of Basic Science Education Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVA 24016United States Department of Internal Medicine Carilion ClinicRoanokeVA 24016United States Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section Department of Internal MedicineCarilion ClinicRoanokeVA 24016United States Dermatology Section Department of Internal MedicineCarilion ClinicRoanokeVA 24016United States Dominion Pathology Associates RoanokeVA 24018United States

BACKGROUND Amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by extracellular deposition of misfolded protein aggregated into insoluble fibrils.Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic amyloidosis is common,but is often subclinical or presents as vague and nonspecific symptoms.It is rare for gastrointestinal symptoms to be the main presenting symptom in patients with systemic amyloidosis,causing it to be undiagnosed until late-stage disease.CASE SUMMARY A 53 year-old man with diarrhea,hematochezia,and weight loss presented to a community hospital.Colonoscopy with biopsy at that time was suspicious for Crohn disease.Due to worsening symptoms including nausea,vomiting,and a new petechial rash,an abdominal fat pad biopsy was done.The biopsy showed papillary and adnexal dermal amyloid deposition,in a pattern usually seen with cutaneous amyloidosis.However,Cytokeratin 5/6 was negative,excluding cutaneous amyloidosis.The patterns of nodular amyloidosis,subcutaneous amyloid deposits and perivascular amyloid were not seen.Periodic Acid-Schiff stain was negative for lipoid proteinosis,Congo red was positive for apple green birefringence on polarization and amyloid typing confirmed amyloid light chain amyloidosis.Repeat endoscopic biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract showed amyloid deposition from the esophagus to the rectum,in a pattern usually seen in serum amyloid A in the setting of chronic inflammatory diseases,including severe inflammatory bowel disease.Bone marrow biopsy showed kappa-restricted plasma cell neoplasm.CONCLUSION Described is an unusual presentation of primary systemic amyloidosis,highlighting the risk of misdiagnosis with subsequent significant organ dysfunction and high mortality.

关键词： Light chain amyloidosis Diarrhea Endoscopy Petechial rash Plasma cell dyscrasia Case report

Quantifying golf course nitrogen use efficiency

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Grassland Research 2022年第3期1卷 174-186页

作者： Michael A.H.Bekken douglas j.Soldat Department of Soil Science University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA

Background:Previous studies have surveyed golf courses to determine nitrogen(N)fertilizer application rates on golf courses,but no previous studies have attempted to quantify how efficiently golf courses use nitrogen.Methods:This study tests the ability of the growth potential(GP)N Requirement model as a benchmarking tool to predict a target level of N use on 76 golf courses in 5 regions of the US(Midwest,Northeast,East Texas,Florida,Northwest)and 3 countries in Europe(Denmark,Norway,UK).Results:The ratio of the golf course-wide N application rate to the GP N requirement prediction(termed the nitrogen efficiency score or NES)was 0.27,indicating that golf courses used 73%less N than predicted by the model.As such,the GP N Requirement model needs to be recalibrated to predict N use on golf courses.This was achieved by adjusting the Nmax coefficient in the model.N rates on golf courses were widely variable both within and across regions.All regions had a coefficient of variation in N rates of 0.46 or greater.Conclusions:The high variation in N rates,which is largely unexplained by climate,economic factors,grass type,and soil type,may be indicative of inefficient N use in golf course management.

关键词： biophysical modeling decision support tools fertilizer golf growth potential nitrogen nitrogen efficiency turfgrass

Free perforation of the small intestine in collagenous sprue

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第35期15卷 4446-4448页

作者： Hugh j Freeman douglas L Webber Departments of Medicine(Gastroenterology) University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1W5Canada Departments of Pathology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1W5Canada

A 67-year-old man with celiac disease developed recurrent diarrhea,profound weakness and weight loss, with evidence of marked protein depletion.His clinical course was refractory to a strict gluten-free diet and steroid therapy.Postmortem studies led to definition of unrecognized collagenous sprue that caused ulceration and small intestinal perforation.Although PCR showed identical monoclonal T-cell populations in antemortem duodenal biopsies and postmortem jejunum,careful pathological evaluation demonstrated no frank lymphoma.Rarely,overt or even cryptic T-cell lymphoma may complicate collagenous sprue,however, small intestinal ulcers and perforation may also develop independently.The dramatic findings here may reflect an underlying or early molecular event in the eventual clinical appearance of overt T-cell lymphoma.

关键词：浇道胶原小肠穿孔免费临床表现淋巴瘤耐火材料

Dynapenia in all-cause mortality and its relationship with sedentary behavior in community-dwelling older adults

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第4期4卷 253-259页

作者： Rizia Rocha Silva Lucas Lima Galvão joilson Meneguci douglas de Assis Teles Santos jair Sindra Virtuoso júnior Sheilla Tribess Research Center on Physical Activity Health and AgingDepartment of Sport SciencesInstitute of Health SciencesFederal University of Triângulo MineiroUberabaMinas GeraisBrazil Department of Education University do Estado da BahiaTeixeira de FreitasBahiaBrazil

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of dynapenia combined with sedentary behavior(SB)on the risk of mortality in older adults living in a Brazilian community.A total of 322 participants aged60 years from the ELSIA(Longitudinal Study of Elderly Health in Alcobaça)prospective cohort were included.Dynapenia was diagnosed when the handgrip strength wasjusted models,the dynapenia and the time spent exposed to SB were analyzed in a combined way,the older adults with worse behavior(high SB and dynapenia)had higher risk ratios for mortality(hazard ratio 2.46;95%confidence interval 1.01–5.97)than the best behavior group.Older adults with dynapenia are at greater risk for all-cause mortality,which is aggravated by the addition of longer exposure to SB.

关键词： Mortality Muscle strength Aging Sedentary behavior

Safety and efficacy of balloon angioplasty compared to stent-basedstrategies with pulmonary vein stenosis:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World journal of Cardiology 2023年第2期15卷 64-75页

作者： Pradyumna Agasthi Srilekha Sridhara Pattara Rattanawong Nithin Venepally Chieh-ju Chao Hasan Ashraf Sai Harika Pujari Mohamed Allam Diana Almader-douglas Yamini Alla Amit Kumar Farouk Mookadam douglas L Packer David R Holmes jr Donald j Hagler Floyd David Fortuin Reza Arsanjani Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicScottsdaleAZ 85259United States Department of Internal Medicine Banner Heart HospitalMesaAZ 85054United States Library Services Mayo ClinicPhoenixAZ 85054United States Department of Medicine Bronx Lebanon HospitalBronxNY 10457United States Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BACKGROUND Pulmonary vein stenosis(PVS)is an uncommon but known cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children and can be managed with percutaneous revascularization strategies of pulmonary vein balloon angioplasty(PBA)or pulmonary vein stent implantation(PSI).AIM To study the safety and efficacy outcomes of PBA vs PSI in all patient categories with PVS.METHODS We performed a literature search of all studies comparing outcomes of patients evaluated by PBA vs PSI for PVS.We selected all published studies comparing PBA vs PSI for PVS with reported outcomes of restenosis and procedure-related complications in all patient categories.In adults,PVS following atrial fibrillation ablation and in children PVS related to congenital etiology or post-procedural PVS following total or partial anomalous pulmonary venous return repair were included.The patient-centered outcomes were risk of restenosis requiring re-intervention and procedural-related complications.The metaanalysis was performed by computing odds ratios(ORs)using the random effects model based on underlying statistical heterogeneity.RESULTS Eight observational studies treating 768 severe PVS in 487 patients met our inclusion criteria.The age range of patients was 6 months to 70 years and 67%were males.The primary outcome of the re-stenosis requiring re-intervention occurred in 196 of 325 veins in the PBA group and 111 of 443 veins in the PSI group.Compared to PSI,PBA was associated with a significantly increased risk of re-stenosis(OR 2.91,95%CI:1.15-7.37,P=0.025,I2=79.2%).Secondary outcomes of the procedurerelated complications occurred in 7 of 122 patients in the PBA group and 6 of 69 in the PSI group.There were no statistically significant differences in the safety outcomes between the two groups(OR:0.94,95%CI:0.23-3.76,P=0.929,I^(2)=0.0%).CONCLUSION Across all patient categories with PVS,PSI is associated with reduced risk of re-intervention and is as safe as PBA and should be considered first-line therapy for PVS.

关键词： Pulmonary veins Pulmonary vein stenosis Constriction Balloon angioplasty Stents Drugeluting stents

Bayesian optimization with active learning of design constraints using an entropy-based approach

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1866-1879页

作者： Danial Khatamsaz Brent Vela Prashant Singh Duane D.johnson douglas Allaire Raymundo Arróyave j.Mike Walker’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Ames Laboratory U.S.Department of EnergyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Department of Materials Science&Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

The design of alloys for use in gas turbine engine blades is a complex task that involves balancing multiple objectives and constraints.Candidate alloys must be ductile at room temperature and retain their yield strength at high temperatures,as well as possess low density,high thermal conductivity,narrow solidification range,high solidus temperature,and a small linear thermal expansion coefficient.Traditional Integrated Computational Materials Engineering(ICME)methods are not sufficient for exploring combinatorially-vast alloy design spaces,optimizing for multiple objectives,nor ensuring that multiple constraints are met.In this work,we propose an approach for solving a constrained multi-objective materials design problem over a large composition space,specifically focusing on the Mo-Nb-Ti-V-W system as a representative Multi-Principal Element Alloy(MPEA)for potential use in next-generation gas turbine blades.Our approach is able to learn and adapt to unknown constraints in the design space,making decisions about the best course of action at each stage of the process.As a result,we identify 21 Pareto-optimal alloys that satisfy all constraints.Our proposed framework is significantly more efficient and faster than a brute force approach.

关键词： alloys solidification alloy

Potential influence of wildfire in modulating climate-induced forest redistribution in a central Rocky Mountain landscape

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 52-68页

作者： john L.Campbell douglas j.Shinneman Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA U.S.Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterBoiseIDUSA.

Introduction:Climate change is expected to impose significant tension on the geographic distribution of tree species.Yet,tree species range shifts may be delayed by their long life spans,capacity to withstand long periods of physiological stress,and dispersal limitations.Wildfire could theoretically break this biological inertia by killing forest canopies and facilitating species redistribution under changing climate.We investigated the capacity of wildfire to modulate climate-induced tree redistribution across a montane landscape in the central Rocky Mountains under three climate scenarios(contemporary and two warmer future climates)and three wildfire scenarios(representing historical,suppressed,and future fire regimes).Methods:Distributions of four common tree species were projected over 90 years by pairing a climate niche model with a forest landscape simulation model that simulates species dispersal,establishment,and mortality under alternative disturbance regimes and climate scenarios.Results:Three species(douglas-fir,lodgepole pine,subalpine fir)declined in abundance over time,due to climate-driven contraction in area suitable for establishment,while one species(ponderosa pine)was unable to exploit climate-driven expansion of area suitable for establishment.Increased fire frequency accelerated declines in area occupied by douglas-fir,lodgepole pine,and subalpine fir,and it maintained local abundance but not range expansion of ponderosa pine.Conclusions:Wildfire may play a larger role in eliminating these conifer species along trailing edges of their distributions than facilitating establishment along leading edges,in part due to dispersal limitations and interspecific competition,and future populations may increasingly depend on persistence in locations unfavorable for their establishment.

关键词： Forest disturbance Wildfire Climate change Central Rocky Mountains Climate niche Species migration Species distribution