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Why don’t We Adequately Identify and Manage Adverse Drug Reactions despite Having the Needed Information?

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Health 2024年第2期16卷 148-159页

作者： Mark j. Kupersmith Karl Kieburtz Department of Neurology Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA SafeTherapeutics LLC New York NY USA Clintrex Research Corporation Sarasota FL USA

Importance/Obj.ctive: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent inj.ry. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this maj.r healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subj.ct heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast maj.rity of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.

关键词： Adverse Drug Reaction Medication Side Effect Identification Medication Complication Medication Safety

GraphFlow+:Exploiting Conversation Flow in Conversational Machine Comprehension with Graph Neural Networks

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第2期21卷 272-282页

作者： j.ng Hu Lingfei Wu Yu Chen Po Hu Mohammed j.Zaki School of Computer Science Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Pinterest San Francisco 94016USA Meta Mountain View 94039USA Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy 12180USA

The conversation machine comprehension(MC)task aims to answer questions in the multi-turn conversation for a single ***,recent approaches don’t exploit information from historical conversations effectively,which results in some references and ellipsis in the current question cannot be *** addition,these methods do not consider the rich semantic relationships between words when reasoning about the passage *** this paper,we propose a novel model GraphFlow+,which constructs a context graph for each conversation turn and uses a unique recurrent graph neural network(GNN)to model the temporal dependencies between the context graphs of each ***,we exploit three different ways to construct text graphs,including the dynamic graph,static graph,and hybrid graph that combines the *** experiments on CoQA,QuAC and DoQA show that the GraphFlow+model can outperform the state-of-the-art approaches.

关键词： Conversational machine comprehension(MC) reading comprehension question answering graph neural networks(GNNs) natural language processing(NLP)

Driver Fatigue Detection System Based on Colored and Infrared Eye Features Fusion

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第6期63卷 1563-1574页

作者： Yuyang Sun Peizhou Yan Zhengzheng Li j.ancheng Zou don Hong School of Mathematical Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijing100048China School of Electrical and Control Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China School of Sciences North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China Department of Mathematical Sciences Middle Tennessee State UniversityMurfreesboroTN 37132USA

Real-time detection of driver fatigue status is of great significance for road traffic *** this paper,a proposed novel driver fatigue detection method is able to detect the driver’s fatigue status around the *** driver’s face images were captured by a camera with a colored lens and an infrared lens mounted above the *** landmarks of the driver’s face were labeled and the eye-area was *** calculating the aspect ratios of the eyes,the duration of eye closure,frequency of blinks and PERCLOS of both colored and infrared,fatigue can be *** on the change of light intensity detected by a photosensitive device,the weight matrix of the colored features and the infrared features was adj.sted adaptively to reduce the impact of lighting on fatigue *** samples of the driver’s face were recorded in the test *** training the classification model,the results showed that our method has high accuracy on driver fatigue detection in both daytime and nighttime.

关键词： Driver fatigue detection feature fusion colored and infrared eye features

Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity of 1,1-bis(2-Carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane

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American j.urnal of Analytical Chemistry 2020年第6期11卷 261-268页

作者： Chioma don-Lawson Daniel Okechukwu Nweneka Reminus Okah Kingsley j. Orie Department of Science Laboratory Technology Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic Rumuola Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

This study reports the synthesis of 1,1-bis(2-Carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane, characterisation and bioactivities on selected microorganism. The first step involves the coupling of furfural with urea to obtain 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea, which was subsequently refluxed with more urea in ethanol for 1 hour to afford the product. Both intermediate and product were characterized by GC-MS, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR. The synthesized compound1,1-bis(2-carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane was bioactive on Escherichia coli, Salmomellatyphi and Bacillus subtilis to different extent and is inactive on Staphylococcus aureus. The presences of bioactive moieties and pharmacological activities have proved the potency of furfural derivatives in the development of novel drug in future.

关键词： Furfural 1 1-bis(2-Carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane Bioactivity

青藏高原拉萨地块碰撞-后碰撞岩浆作用的三种类型及其对大陆俯冲和成矿作用的启示:Sr-Nd同位素证据

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岩石学报 2006年第4期22卷 795-803页

作者：莫宣学赵志丹 don j.DEPAOLO 周肃董国臣中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室伯克利加利福尼亚大学

青藏高原拉萨地块是揭示印度与亚洲大陆碰撞的最重要的地区之一,其中广泛发育的碰撞—后碰撞岩浆作用记录了这一地区从特提斯洋俯冲消减到印度大陆陆内俯冲的全过程。本文基于对最新的Sr-Nd同位素资料的分析,从高原岩石圈的三种主要地... 详细信息

青藏高原拉萨地块是揭示印度与亚洲大陆碰撞的最重要的地区之一,其中广泛发育的碰撞—后碰撞岩浆作用记录了这一地区从特提斯洋俯冲消减到印度大陆陆内俯冲的全过程。本文基于对最新的Sr-Nd同位素资料的分析,从高原岩石圈的三种主要地球化学端元入手,分析了拉萨地块碰撞—后碰撞岩浆作用的类型及其在大陆俯冲与成矿作用方面的意义。青藏高原岩石圈可以分为三种主要的地球化学端元,一是青藏高原北部地球化学省(包括羌塘、可可西里和西昆仑)代表的青藏原始岩石圈地幔地球化学端元,42Ma以来在高原北部广泛分布的钾质岩浆岩的Nd-Sr同位素成分比较均一和稳定,同位素比值的范围较窄,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr=0．707101～0．710536,ε_(Nd)=-2～-9,t_(DM)=0．7～1．3Ga;二是雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩代表的新特提斯洋地幔端元,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr=0．703000～0．706205,ε_(Nd)=+7．8～+10,呈印度洋型MORB特征,属于印度洋型地幔域;三是喜马拉雅带地壳基底和花岗岩类显示的喜马拉雅地壳地球化学端元,ε_(Nd)=-12～-25,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr=0．733110～0．760000,具相对古老的Nd模式年龄,t_(DM)=1．9～2．9Ga。拉萨地块碰撞—后碰撞岩浆作用可以划分出三种地球化学类型,即拉萨地块原地型、亲特提斯洋型和亲喜马拉雅型。这三种岩浆作用类型受控于上述三种地球化学端元在其源区的比例及相互作用。其中,拉萨地块原地型与青藏高原北部地球化学省特征一致,亲特提斯洋型代表了与新特提斯洋俯冲消减及其后的再循环有关的岩浆作用,亲喜马拉雅型岩浆岩的Sr-Nd同位素特征则可能指示了喜马拉雅大陆地壳端元的参与。超钾质火山岩是揭示印度大陆岩石圈向北俯冲的重要证据,印度大陆岩石圈俯冲作用可能同时控制了超钾质岩石和盐类矿床的产出。古老地壳物质作为源区参与了超钾质岩石和盐类矿床的成岩与成矿作用。拉萨地块中部地区的含矿斑岩属于亲特提斯洋型岩浆作用,因此具亲特提斯洋型特征的火山岩、浅成斑岩和深成侵入岩,是进一步寻找铜、钼、金矿床的重要目标。

关键词：地球化学端元碰撞后碰撞岩浆作用 Sr-Nd同位素拉萨地块西藏

Fifth-Order A-WENO Schemes Based on the Adaptive Diffusion Central-Upwind Rankine-Hugoniot Fluxes

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2023年第1期5卷 295-314页

作者： Bao-Shan Wang Wai Sun don Alexander Kurganov Yongle Liu School of Mathematical Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100ShandongChina Department of Mathematics SUSTech International Center for Mathematics and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material DesignSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina Department of Mathematics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina Department of Mathematics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

We construct new fifth-order alternative WENO(A-WENO)schemes for the Euler equations of gas *** new scheme is based on a new adaptive diffusion centralupwind Rankine-Hugoniot(CURH)numerical *** CURH numerical fluxes have been recently proposed in[Garg et al.j.Comput Phys 428,2021]in the context of secondorder semi-discrete finite-volume *** proposed adaptive diffusion CURH flux contains a smaller amount of numerical dissipation compared with the adaptive diffusion central numerical flux,which was also developed with the help of the discrete RankineHugoniot conditions and used in the fifth-order A-WENO scheme recently introduced in[Wang et *** j.Sci Comput 42,2020].As in that work,we here use the fifth-order characteristic-wise WENO-Z interpolations to evaluate the fifth-order point values required by the numerical *** resulting one-and two-dimensional schemes are tested on a number of numerical examples,which clearly demonstrate that the new schemes outperform the existing fifth-order A-WENO schemes without compromising the robustness.

关键词： A-WENO schemes Central-upwind schemes Discrete Rankine-Hugoniot conditions Numerical dissipation switch Local speeds of propagation Euler equations of gas dynamics

Soil Quality of a Semi-Arid Pasture Irrigated with Reverse Osmosis Wastewater—A Case Study from Northern New Mexico

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j.urnal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第14期7卷 1121-1130页

作者： Omololu j. Idowu Kevin A. Lombard don Hyder April L. Ulery Department of Extension Plant Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces USA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces USA Department of Science and Math San Juan College Farmington USA

Soil quality indicators were assessed in two adj.cent fields in northern New Mexico near a reverse osmosis (RO) facility. One field had been cleared of native vegetation, sowed with a pasture mix and irrigated with saline RO wastewater (electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.73 dS/m) (WW) for two years. An adj.cent field of non-irrigated, undisturbed native vegetation (NV) that received only natural rainfall was sampled for comparison and assumed to be representative of baseline values. Measurements included mean weight diameter (MWD), dry aggregates > 2 mm (D > 2 mm), dry aggregates < 0.25 mm (D < 0.25 mm), wet aggregate stability, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), soil organic matter, EC, pH, sand, silt and clay contents, and chemical parameters (NO3-N, P, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu). The wastewater irrigated field had more favorable soil quality indicators than the non-irrigated field, presumably due to the pasture mix and irrigation. However, the EC is higher in the WW irrigated field and will affect long-term utilization of the land for cropping, unless good soil salinity management is implemented.

关键词： Soil Quality Salinity Total Dissolved Solids Grassland

Evaluation of the Single-Port Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy Learning Curve

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Surgical Science 2013年第10期4卷 433-437页

作者： Virgilio V. George Michael j. Guzman j.shua A. Waters Andrea L. j.ster don j. Selzer Bruce W. Robb Department of Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis USA

Background: The use of single-port laparoscopy has gained popularity within recent years. Part of the appeal in learning this approach is that it draws heavily from concepts mastered through conventional laparoscopy. Various studies have shown the efficacy and feasibility of the single-port laparoscopic approach, but there are few that examine the learning curve in adopting this new technique. Obj.ctive: Our goal was to better define the learning curve in performing a single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Design: A review of prospectively gathered operative data was performed to analyze the results of single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomies performed within our institution by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. The first 100 cases were divided into quintiles. Comparisons were made among the cohorts regarding patient demographics, operative time, length of stay, conversions, and complications. Results: There was no difference among quintiles with regard to age, sex, BMI, or ASA class. Operative time, conversions, length of stay, and number of complications did not significantly vary among each group of patients. There was a significant difference in estimated blood loss and length of stay between the fifth cohort and the others due to one patient’s poor outcome. Conclusions: The single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomy learning curve for surgeons already skilled in laparoscopy is short. There are few differences in various outcome measures among groups at any stage in the learning curve. The skills utilized to perform conventional laparoscopic colorectal surgery readily translate to the single-port approach and result in proficiency from nearly the start.

关键词： Single-Port Laparoscopy Learning Curve Colectomy

Hesitant adopters:COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among diverse vaccinated adults in the United States

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Infectious Medicine 2023年第2期2卷 89-95页

作者： Sharon Reece Sheena CarlLee Aaron j.Scott don E.Willis Brett Rowland Kristin Larsen Ij.nae Holman-Allgood Pearl A.McElfish College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences NorthwestFayettevilleAR 72703USA Office of Community Health and Research University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences NorthwestSpringdaleAR 72703USA College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences NorthwestSpringdaleAR 72703USA

Background:Despite the United States(US)having an abundant supply of COVID-19 vaccines,vaccination rates lag behind other high-income countries,suggesting that vaccine hesitancy and attitudes play a greater role in public health measures than pure supply and *** the acknowledgment that vaccination attitudes and status may or may not be correlated,this study examined COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among vaccinated US adults by asking:(1)What is the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the vaccinated?(2)Does COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy vary across sociodemographic characteristics?(3)Does COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy vary by healthcare access and influenza vaccination over the past 5 years?Methods:Data were collected through an online survey of 2022 US adults with a final analytic sample of 1383 vaccinated ***:Overall,48.8%of vaccinated adults reported some level of hesitancy,while a slight maj.rity reported they were“not at all hesitant”.Younger respondents,women,and Black and American Indian or Alaska Native participants had greater adj.sted odds of being more hesitant towards receiving the COVID-19 ***-dents who had a primary care physician had greater adj.sted odds than those who did not have a primary care physician of being more hesitant towards receiving the COVID-19 ***:This is the first population-based national sample study examining COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among vaccinated individuals from subgroups of distinctive backgrounds in order to inform targeted strategies for reducing vaccine *** can assist in efforts to increase vaccination rates and also decrease vaccine hesitancy at the national level.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccine Vaccine hesitancy Hesitant adopters US adults