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Therapeutic possibilities of gut microbiota modulation in acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第4期15卷 525-537页

作者： dmitry Victorovich Garbuzenko Department of Faculty Surgery South Ural State Medical UniversityChelyabinsk 454080Russia

The formation of liver cirrhosis(LC) is an unfavorable event in the natural history of chronic liver diseases and with the development of portal hypertension and/or impaired liver function can cause a fatal outcome. Decompensation of LC is considered the most important stratification variable for the risk of death. It is currently postulated that decompensation of LC occurs through an acute(including acute-on-chronic liver failure) and non-acute pathway. Acute decompensation of LC is accompanied by the development of life-threatening complications, characterized by an unfavorable prognosis and high *** in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms has led to the search for new interventions, drugs, and biological substances that can affect key links in the pathogenesis of acute decompensation in LC, for example the impaired gut-liver axis and associated systemic inflammation. Given that particular alterations in the composition and function of gut microbiota play a crucial role here, the study of the therapeutic possibilities of its modulation has emerged as one of the top concerns in modern hepatology. This review summarized the investigations that describe the theoretical foundations and therapeutic potential of gut microbiota modulation in acute decompensation of LC. Despite the encouraging preliminary data, the majority of the suggested strategies have only been tested in animal models or in preliminary clinical trials;additional multicenter randomized controlled trials must demonstrate their efficacy in larger patient populations.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Acute decompensation Pathogenesis Therapy Gut microbiota Modulation

Methods for recording the time profile of single ultrashort pulses of electron beams and discharge currents in real-time mode

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High Voltage 2016年第1期1卷 43-51页

作者： Victor F.Tarasenko dmitry V.Rybka Institute of High Current Electronics Siberian Branch Russian Academy of SciencesTomsk 634055Russia

The collectors for measuring the time profile of a current pulse of the runaway electron beam that are generatedunder atmospheric pressure are described. An analysis of changes in pulse shape depending on the bandwidth of theregistration path with a temporal resolution of up to 20 ps was performed. It is shown that the electron beam detectedbehind small-diameter diaphragms has a complex structure, which depends on the parameters of the gas diode. Thereis a design of the current shunts with a temporal resolution of up to 100 ps in this study. Measurement techniques ofvoltage pulses with subnanosecond and nanosecond duration are briefly described.

关键词： ultrashort pulse recording

Verification of Hypertorus Communication Grids by Infinite Petri Nets and Process Algebra

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第3期6卷 733-742页

作者： dmitry A.Zaitsev Tatiana R.Shmeleva Jan Friso Groote IEEE the Vistula University the A.S. Popov Odessa National Academy of Telecommunications the Eindhoven University of Technology

A model of a hypertorus communication grid has been constructed in the form of an infinite Petri net. A grid cell represents either a packet switching device or a bioplast cell. A parametric expression is obtained to allow a finite specification of an infinite Petri net. To prove properties of an ideal communication protocol, we derive an infinite Diophantine system of equations from it, which is subsequently solved. Then we present the programs htgen and ht-mcrl2-gen, developed in the C language, which generate Petri net and process algebra models of a hypertorus with a given number of dimensions and grid size. These are the inputs for the respective modeling tools Tina and mCRL2, which provide model visualization, step simulation, state space generation and reduction, and structural analysis techniques. Benchmarks to compare the two approaches are obtained. An ad-hoc induction-like technique on invariants,obtained for a series of generated models, allows the calculation of a solution of the Diophantine system in a parametric *** is proven that the basic solutions of the infinite system have been found and that the infinite Petri net is bounded and conservative. Some remarks regarding liveness and liveness enforcing techniques are also presented.

关键词： Computing grid conservativeness deadlock hypertorus infinite Petri nets process algebra systems biology

Contemporary concepts of prevention and management of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 126-134页

作者： dmitry Victorovich Garbuzenko Department of Faculty Surgery South Ural State Medical UniversityChelyabinsk 454092Russia

This editorial describes the contemporary concepts of prevention and management of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis(LC)patients according to the current *** variceal bleeding is the most dangerous complication of portal hypertension in LC *** stratification and determination of an individual approach to the choice of therapeutic measures aimed at their prevention and management has emerged as one of the top concerns in modern *** to the current guidelines,in the absence of clinically significant portal hypertension,etiological and nonetiological therapies of LC is advisable for the primary preventing gastroesophageal variceal bleeding,whereas its presence serves as an indication for the administration of non-selectiveβ-blockers,among which carvedilol is the drug of ***-selectiveβ-blockers,as well as endoscopic variceal ligation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt can be used to prevent recurrence of gastroesophageal variceal *** with vasoactive drugs(terlipressin,somatostatin,octreotide),endoscopic variceal ligation,endovascular techniques and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt are recommended for the treatment of acute gastroesophageal variceal *** and accurate risk stratification of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding will allow developing individual strategies for their prevention and management,avoiding the first and further decompensation in LC,which will improve the prognosis and survival of patients suffering from it.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Portal hypertension Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding Prevention Management

FUS/TLS forms cytoplasmic aggregates,inhibits cell growth and interacts with TDP-43 in a yeast model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Protein & Cell 2011年第3期2卷 223-236页

作者： dmitry Kryndushkin Reed B.Wickner Frank Shewmaker Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA Department of Pharmacology Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMD 20814USA

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a fatal disease characterized by the premature loss of motor *** the underlying cellular mechanisms of neuron degeneration are unknown,the cytoplasmic aggregation of several proteins is associated with sporadic and familial forms of the *** wild-type and mutant forms of the RNA-binding proteins FUS and TDP-43 accumulate in cytoplasmic inclusions in the neurons of ALS *** is not known if these so-called proteinopathies are due to a loss of function or a gain of toxicity resulting from the formation of cytoplasmic *** we present a model of FUS toxicity using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which toxicity is associated with greater expression and accumulation of FUS in cytoplasmic *** find that FUS and TDP-43 have a high propensity for co-aggregation,unlike the aggregation patterns of several other aggregation-prone ***,the biophysical properties of FUS aggregates in yeast are distinctly different from many amyloidogenic proteins,suggesting they are not composed of amyloid.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) fused in sarcoma(FUS) TLS proteinopathy yeast

Combination of Instrumented Nanoindentation and Scanning Probe Microscopy for Adequate Mechanical Surface Testing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2009年第1期25卷 63-68页

作者： Enrico Tam Mikhail Petrzhik dmitry Shtansky Marie-Paule Delplancke-Ogletree Université Libre de Bruxelles Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys

The elastic indentation modulus and hardness of standard bulk materials and advanced thin films were determined by using the nanoindentation technique followed by the Oliver- Pharr post-treatment. After measurements with different loading/unloading schemes on chemically polished bulk titanium a substantial decrease of both modulus and hardness vs an increasing loading time was found. Then, hard nanostructured TiBN and TiCrBN thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering （using multiphase targets） on substrates of high roughness （sintered hard metal） and low roughness （silicon） were studied. Experimental modulus and hardness characterized by using two different nanoindenter tools were within the limits of standard deviation. However, a strong effect of roughness on the spread of the experimental values was observed and it was found that hardness and elastic indentation modulus obeyed a Gaussian distribution. The experimental data were discussed together with scanning probe microscopy （SPM） images of typical imprints taken after the nanoindentation tests and the local topographyls strong correlation with the results of nanoindentation was described.

关键词： Nanoindentation Thin films Coatings Scanning probe microscopy

Manufacturer encroachment and carbon reduction decisions considering cap-and-trade policy and retailer investment

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2024年第2期11卷 326-344页

作者： Pengpeng YUAN Jiasen SUN dmitry IVANOV Business School and Dongwu Think Tank Soochow UniversitySuzhou 235031China Berlin School of Economics and Law Berlin 999035Germany

Low-carbon regulation and market competition present new opportunities and challenges for supply chain firms,emphasizing the significance of carbon reduction and channel encroachment in enhancing *** study formulates various game models to evaluate manufacturers’encroachment strategies(with or without encroachment)under different conditions of low-carbon investment by *** investigates the operational decisions and carbon abatement strategies of firms under various *** findings reveal that encroachment elevates unit abatement levels but decreases wholesale prices and retailer profits when unit encroachment costs are below certain *** contrast,the manufacturer consistently benefits from channel ***-initiated low-carbon investments can motivate manufacturers to reduce emissions.A lower carbon price potentially offers financial advantages to retailer engaging in such ***,the likelihood of reduced environmental damage postchannel encroachment,compared to preprofessional encroachment,increases when the retailer invests in low-carbon *** retailer’s profit is inversely related to the carbon price,and a higher carbon price can strengthen the incentive effect of low-carbon investment on the manufacturer’s abatement endeavors.

关键词： carbon cap-and-trade channel encroachment emission reduction low-carbon investment

Percutaneous interventions in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation： leftatrial ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第9期14卷 541-546页

作者： Evgeny N Mikhaylov Tamas Szili-Torok dmitry S Lebedev Arrhythmia Department Almazov National Medical Research Centre Saint-Petersburg Russia Neuromodulation Laboratory Almazov National Medical Research Centre Saint-Petersburg Russia Electrophysiology Unit Cardiology Department Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands

Heart rhythm disturbances become of special importancewhen patients reach a senior age. Atrial fibrillation （AF） isthe most prevalent arrhythmia among the old age groups,and its impact on morbidity and mortality becomes of para-mount significance. In this population, AF is responsible forsignificant amount of thromboembolic cerebrovascularevents, especially for disabling and fatal strokes, Follow-ing announcement of the special issue of the Journal of Geri-atric Cardiology devoted to heart rhythm disorders in theelderly, a number of submissions have been received withAF as the major topic of authors＇ researches.

关键词： Atrial fibrillation Ablation Efficacy Left atrial appendage Occlusion Safety The elderly

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 marks different cancer stem cell compartments in human Caco-2 and LoVo colon cancer lines

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第15期27卷 1578-1594页

作者： Samah Abdulaali Alharbi dmitry A Ovchinnikov Ernst Wolvetang Physiology Department College of MedicineUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 24231Saudi Arabia Department of Stem Cell Engineering Group Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072QLDAustralia Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072QLDAustralia

BACKGROUND Colon cancer cell lines are widely used for research and for the screening of drugs that specifically target the stem cell compartment of colon *** was reported that colon cancer carcinoma specimens contain a subset of leucine-rich repeatcontaining G protein-coupled receptor 5(LGR5)-expressing stem cells,these socalled“tumour-initiating”cells,reminiscent in their properties of the normal intestinal stem cells(ISCs),may explain the apparent heterogeneity of colon cancer cell ***,colon cancer is initiated by aberrant Wnt signaling in ISCs known to express high levels of ***,in vivo reports demonstrate the clonal expansion of intestinal adenomas from a single LGR5-expressing *** To investigate whether colon cancer cell lines contain cancer stem cells and to characterize these putative cancer stem *** A portable fluorescent reporter construct based on a conserved fragment of the LGR5 promoter was used to isolate the cell compartments expressing different levels of LGR5 in two widely used colon cancer cell lines(Caco-2 and LoVo).These cells were then characterized according to their proliferation capacity,gene expression signatures of ISC markers,and their tumorigenic properties in vivo and in *** The data revealed that the LGR5 reporter can be used to identify and isolate a classical intestinal crypt stem cell-like population from the Caco-2,but not from the LoVo,cell lines,in which the cancer stem cell population is more akin to B lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region 1 homolog(+4 crypt)stem *** sub-population within Caco-2 cells exhibits an intestinal cancer stem cell gene expression signature and can both self-renew and generate differentiated LGR5 negative *** data also show that cells expressing high levels of LGR5/enhanced yellow fluorescent protein(EYFP)from this cell line exhibit tumorigenic-like properties in vivo and in *** contrast,cell compartments of LoVo th

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colon cancer cell lines Intestinal stem cell Cancer stem cell Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 Heterogenicity