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A benchtop brain injury model using resected donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation

Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1057-1061页

作者： Jacqueline A.Tickle Jon Sen Christopher Adams David N.Furness Rupert Price Viswapathi Kandula Nikolaos Tzerakis divya m.chari Aston Pharmacy School College of Health and Life SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK School of medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesKeele UniversityStaffordshireUK School of Life Sciences Keele UniversityStaffordshireUK Department of Neurosurgery Royal Stoke University HospitalStoke-on-TrentUK

The use of live animal models for testing new therapies for brain and spinal cord repair is a controversial area. Live animal models have associated ethical issues and scientific concerns regarding the predictability of human responses. Alternative models that replicate the 3 D architecture of the central nervous system have prompted the development of organotypic neural injury models. However, the lack of reliable means to access normal human neural tissue has driven reliance on pathological or post-mortem tissue which limits their biological utility. We have established a protocol to use donor cerebellar tonsillar tissue surgically resected from patients with Chiari malformation(cerebellar herniation towards the foramen magnum, with ectopic rather than diseased tissue) to develop an in vitro organotypic model of traumatic brain injury. Viable tissue was maintained for approximately 2 weeks with all the major neural cell types detected. Traumatic injuries could be introduced into the slices with some cardinal features of post-injury pathology evident. Biomaterial placement was also feasible within the in vitro lesions. Accordingly, this ‘proof-of-concept’ study demonstrates that the model offers potential as an alternative to the use of animal tissue for preclinical testing in neural tissue engineering. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation can be used to develop a benchtop model of traumatic brain injury. However, significant challenges in relation to the clinical availability of tissue were encountered, and we discuss logistical issues that must be considered for model scale-up.

关键词： biomaterial Chiari malformation cerebellar slice human tissue injury model neuroregeneration organotypic traumatic brain injury

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How do corticosteroids influence myelin genesis in the central nervous system?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第9期9卷 909-911页

作者： divya m. chari Cellular and Neural Engineering Group Institute for Science and Tech-nology in Medicine School of Medicine Keele University

Clinical use of corticosteroid （CS） therapy and links with adverse neurological effects CS therapy is widely used in clinical practice worldwide, with ad- ministration of high and multiple doses prescribed for a range of disease and injury. Notably, CS have been used since the 1950＇s for the treatment of suspected respiratory distress syndrome, in order to accelerate lung maturation in premature babies, as also in antenatal therapy to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth （Haddad et al., 1956; Shinwell and Eventov-Friedman, 2009; Bonanno and Wapner, 2012）. High dose immunosuppressive CS therapy is also widely used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis （mS） and spinal cord injury （Bracken, 2012; Burton et al., 2012）. However,

关键词： How do corticosteroids influence myelin genesis in the central nervous system CS

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Using a 3-D multicellular simulation of spinal cord injury with live cell imaging to study the neural immune barrier to nanoparticle uptake

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Nano Research 2016年第8期9卷 2384-2397页

作者： Alan P. Weightman Stuart I. Jenkins divya m. chari Cellular and Neural Engineering Group Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Huxley Building Keele University Keele ST55BG UK

Development of nanoparticle （NP） based therapies to promote regeneration in sites of central nervous system （CNS; i.e, brain and spinal cord） pathology relies critically on the availability of experimental models that offer biologically valid predictions of NP fate in vivo. However, there is a major lack of biological models that mimic the pathological complexity of target neural sites in vivo, particularly the responses of resident neural immune cells to NPs. Here, we have utilised a previously developed in vitro model of traumatic spinal cord injury （based on 3-D organotypic slice arrays） with dynamic time lapse imaging to reveal in real-time the acute cellular fate of NPs within injury foci. We demonstrate the utility of our model in revealing the well documented phenomenon of avid NP sequestration by the intrinsic immune cells of the CNS （the microglia）. Such immune sequestration is a known translational barrier to the use of NP-based therapeutics for neurological injury. Accordingly, we suggest that the utility of our model in mimicking microglial sequestration behaviours offers a valuable investigative tool to evaluate strategies to overcome this cellular response within a simple and biologically relevant experimental system, whilst reducing the use of live animal neurological injury models for such studies.

关键词： organotypic slice culture microglia immune barrier corticosteroid dexamethasone time lapse microscopy

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Electrophysiological assessment of primary cortical neurons genetically engineered using iron oxide nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2017年第8期10卷 2881-2890页

作者： michael G. Evans Arwa Al-Shakli Stuart I. Jenkins divya m. chari School of Life Sciences Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK Institute for Science and Technology in medicine Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK

The development of safe technologies to genetically modify neurons is of great interest in regenerative neurology, for both translational and basic science applications. Such approaches have conventionally been heavily reliant on viral transduction methods, which have safety and production limitations. magnetofection （magnet-assisted gene transfer using iron oxide nanoparticles as vectors） has emerged as a highly promising non-viral alternative for safe and reproducible genetic modification of neurons. Despite the high potential of this technology, there is an important gap in our knowledge of the safety of this approach, namely, whether it alters neuronal function in adverse ways, such as by altering neuronal excitability and signaling. We have investigated the effects of magnetofection in primary cortical neurons by examining neuronal excitability using the whole cell patch clamp technique. We found no evidence that magnetofection alters the voltage-dependent sodium and potassium ionic currents that underpin excitability. Our study provides important new data supporting magnetofection as a safe technology for bioengineering of neuronal cell populations.

关键词： transfection magnetic nanoparticle green fluorescent protein (GFP) whole-cell patch clamp fluorescence microscopy

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An analysis of the delay-dependent HIV-1 protease inhibitor model

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第3期11卷 1-22页

作者： m. divya m. Pitchaimani Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in mathematics University of madras Tarnilnadu 600005 India

In this paper, we have studied about the sensitivity analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） protease inhibitor （PI） model and estimated the length of the delay. We have fabricated an HIV PI model accompanied with humoral immunity. Stability analysis of the constructed model about its steady states has been deliberated. We have evaluated some numerical simulations for PI model with humoral immunity by using the existing patient data.

关键词： HIV dynamics treatment delay differential equations sensitivity stability

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Isolation of a salt tolerant laccase secreting strain of Trichoderma sp. NFCCI-2745 and optimization of culture conditions and assessing its efectiveness in treating saline phenolic efuents

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第12期25卷 2410-2416页

作者： L.m.divya G.K.Prasanth C.Sadasivan Department of Biotechnology and microbiology Kannur University

most of the hazardous pollutants are phenolic in nature and persists in the environment. The ability of laccases to oxidize phenolic compounds and reduce molecular oxygen to water has led to intensive studies of these enzymes. Therefore the fungal strains with high laccase activity and substrate affinity that can tolerate harsh environmental conditions have a potential for biotechnological applications. Salt tolerant laccase secreting fungi can be utilized in treatment of saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents such as coir effluent and textile effluent that needed to be diluted several fold before microbial treatment. This is the first study describing the isolation and optimization of a salt tolerant strain of Trichoderma sp. potential for industrial applications. The fungus was identified based on morphological characteristics and was subsequently confirmed with molecular techniques and deposited at National Fungal Culture Collections of India （NFCCI） under the Accession No. Trichoderma viride NFCCI 2745. In contrast to other laccase secreting fungi, light conditions did not exert much influence on laccase production of this strain and salinity enhanced its laccase secretion. The fungus effectively removed the phenolic content of the textile effluent, coir-ret liquor and wood processing effluent within 96 hr of incubation. The tolerance of the fungus to high salinity and phenolic compounds makes this strain ideal for treating saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents.

关键词： laccase optimization phenol tolerant salt tolerant Trichoderma viride

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Incremental Linear Discriminant Analysis Dimensionality Reduction and 3D Dynamic Hierarchical Clustering WSNs

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第11期43卷 471-486页

作者： G.divya mohana Priya m.Karthikeyan K.murugan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Tamilnadu College of EngineeringKarumathampattiCoimbatore641659India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and TechnologyAvinashiCoimbatore RdArasurCoimbatoreTamilnadu641048India

Optimizing the sensor energy is one of the most important concern in Three-Dimensional(3D)Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs).An improved dynamic hierarchical clustering has been used in previous works that computes optimum clusters count and thus,the total consumption of energy is ***,the computational complexity will be increased due to data dimension,and this leads to increase in delay in network data transmission and *** solving the above-mentioned issues,an efficient dimensionality reduction model based on Incremental Linear Discriminant Analysis(ILDA)is proposed for 3D hierarchical clustering *** major objective of the proposed work is to design an efficient dimensionality reduction and energy efficient clustering algorithm in 3D hierarchical clustering *** ILDA approach consists of four major steps such as data dimension reduction,distance similarity index introduction,double cluster head technique and node dormancy *** protocol differs from normal hierarchical routing protocols in formulating the Cluster Head(CH)selection *** to node’s position and residual energy,optimal cluster-head function is generated,and every CH is elected by this *** a 3D spherical structure,under the same network condition,the performance of the proposed ILDA with Improved Dynamic Hierarchical Clustering(IDHC)is compared with Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering(DEEC),Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed(HEED)and Stable Election Protocol(SEP)*** is observed that the proposed ILDA based IDHC approach provides better results with respect to Throughput,network residual energy,network lifetime and first node death round.

关键词： Lifetime energy optimization hierarchical routing protocol data transmission reduction incremental linear discriminant analysis(ILDA) three-dimensional(3D)space wireless sensor network(WSN)

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Automatic Detection and Classification of Insects Using Hybrid FF-GWO-CNN Algorithm

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1881-1898页

作者： B.divya m.Santhi Department of ECE Saranathan College of EngineeringTrichyIndia

Pest detection in agricultural cropﬁelds is the most challenging task,so an effective pest detection technique is required to detect insects *** processing techniques are widely preferred in agricultural science because they offer multiple advantages like maximal crop protection,improved crop man-agement and *** the other hand,developing the automatic pest mon-itoring system dramatically reduces the workforce and *** image processing approaches are limited due to the disadvantages like poor efﬁciency and less ***,a successful image processing technique based on FF-GWO-CNN classiﬁcation algorithm is introduced for effective pest monitor-ing and *** four-step image processing technique begins with image pre-processing,removing the insect image’s noise and sunlight illumination by utilizing an adaptive medianﬁ*** insects’size and shape are identiﬁed using the Expectation maximization Algorithm(EmA)based clustering technique,which involves not only clustering the data but also uncovering the correlations by visualizing the global shape of an *** up robust feature(SURF)method is employed to select the best possible image ***,the image with best features is classiﬁed by introducing a hybrid FF-GWO-CNN algorithm,which combines the beneﬁts of Fireﬂy(FF),Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)classiﬁcation algorithm for enhancing the classiﬁcation *** entire work is executed in mATLAB simulation *** test result reveals that the suggested technique has deliv-ered optimal performance with high accuracy of 97.5%,precision of 94%,recall of 92%and F-score value of 92%.

关键词： Adaptive medianﬁlter EmA SURF FF algorithm GWO CNN

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Anisotropic Bianchi Type-Ⅰmodel with a Varying A Term

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第3期29卷 41-43页

作者： R.K.Tiwari divya Singh Department of mathematics Govt.Model Science College RewaM.P.486001India

Einstein field equations with variable gravitational and cosmological constants are considered in the presence of a perfect fluid for a Bianchi type-I universe by assuming that the cosmological term is proportional to the Hubble parameter..The variation law for vacuum density was recently proposed by Schützhold on the basis of quantum field estimation in a curved expanding *** cosmological term tends asymptotically to a genuine cosmological constant and the model tends to a de Sitter *** obtain that the present universe is accelerating with a large fraction of cosmological density in the form of a cosmological term.

关键词： universe parameter gravitational

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Role of gap junctions between keratinocyte and melanocyte in melanogenesis

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第6期10卷 495-502页

作者： divya Padma Kapaettu Satyamoorthy Kumar m.R. Bhat Division of Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Manipal University Manipal-576104 India Department of Anatomy Kasturba Medical College Manipal University Manipal-5 76104 India

The process ofmelanogenesis in melanocytes and the transport of melanin in the form ofmelanosomes to the neighboring keratinocytes are the key steps in human skin pigmentation. Keratinocytes and melanocytes interact in intricate manner to maintain the homeostasis. The present study was designed to understand the role of cell-cell interaction through the gap junctions between melanocytes and keratinocytes on melanogenesis. We show that, inhibition of the gap junctional activity between human keratinocytes and melanocytes in a coculture system using gap junction blocker lowers the expression of key regulatory genes of melanogenesis such as tyrosinase and microphthalmia- associated transcription factor （mITF）. This was followed by concurrent decrease in tyrosinase protein levels and activity. Our results show the preliminary evidence for the regulation of melanogenesis in melanocytes through direct gap junctional communication by keratinocytes. Deciphering the mechanism and factors involved in the process would uncover the significance of gap junctions in melanogenesis.

关键词： melanocyte keratinocyte melanogenesis gap junctions cell communication

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