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Formulation and evaluation of acyclovir microcapsules using bakers yeast

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第6期3卷 454-457页

作者： Krishnan PN Saraswathi R dilip c Ramarao N Al Shifa college of Pharmacy KizhatturPerinthalmannaKerala.Pin-679325 chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guntur-522034Andhra Pradesh

Objective:To formulate and evaluate acyclovir microcapsules using bakers ***: Acyclovir,pretreated yeast and deionised water were taken at a volumetric ratio of 1:2:4 *** suspension was agitated in a magnetic stirrer at 25℃30℃.35℃,and 40℃for 4 *** suspension was then centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2 000 *** supernatant solution was decanted and the cells were washed 5 times with deionised *** the suspended drug entrapped yeast cells were dried in a lyophillizer for 48 *** yield was ***:The first four formulations were done with 200 mg of the drug,followed by 400 mg for the next four formulations and 800 mg the last four *** showed that the surface of the microcapsules was intact,with no burst *** showed no interaction between acyclovir and the cell *** showed that the peak was within the standard values. The mean particle size for all the samples was 8μm in *** dissolution studies were done for all the twelve samples and showed a Fickian model of ***: From the results it is inferred that the samples prepared at 40℃(FY-4,FY- 8,FY-12) show better entrapment and *** these samples are formulated in the form of a suspension and compared with marketed acyclovir suspension using HPLc *** formulated suspensions with FY-4,FY-8 and FY-12 shows drug content in accordance with the standards of the pharmacopoeial limits.

关键词： Acyclovir Yeast Formulation

Isolation of the mucilages from Hibiscus rosasinensis *** Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus linn.) and studies of the binding effects of the mucilages

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第7期3卷 539-543页

作者： Ameena K dilip c Saraswathi R Krishnan PN Sankar c Simi SP Al Shifa college of Pharmacy KizhatturPerinthalmanna.Kerala679325India

Objective:To isolate and evaluate comparatively the binding efficacy of the mucilages obtained from the plants of Hibiscus rosasinensis and Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus).Methods:Extraction of mucilages from the leaves of Hibiscus and pods of Okra(Ladies finger) was carried out by a cold maceration *** extracted mucilages were subjected to various physicochemical properties for its suitability as an excipient in the formulation of tablet dosage *** concentrations(10,8,5,2 and 1%w/v) of binder solutions of Hibiscus and Okra were used for the formulation of tablets and the formulated tablets were evaluated by studying the standard parameters like diameter,thickness,weight variation,hardness,friability,disintegration and in vitro *** studies of the formulated tablets were conducted for four weeks. Results:The formulated tablets prepared using the mucilages of both Hibiscus and Okra had good *** in vitro drug release profile of the tablets prepared using Okra mucilage had an optimum of 90%at a mucilage concentration of 1%w/v concentration mucilage itself within 4 ***:According to the observations,the lower concentration levels of Okra can be used as an alternative binder to *** higher concentration levels of Okra mucilage show a slow and sustained release,and can be considered as an alternative natural excipient in the modified drug delivery *** the same time,the above natural excipient of Hibiscus mucilage could be used as a platform for prolonged release if its binder concentrations are increased.

关键词： Formulation Hibiscus Tablets

Hepatoprotective effect of Averrhoea carambola fruit extract on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第8期3卷 610-613页

作者： A.K.Azeem Molly Mathew chandraniohan Nair dilip.c Al Shifa college of Pharmacy Poonthavanam P.OKizhatturPerinlhalmannaMalappuram DistKerala.India 679329 Malik Deenar college of Pharmacy KasaragodKerala Al Shifa college of Pharmacy Poonlhavaimm P.O.KizhatlurPerinthalmannaMalappuram DistKerala.India 679329

Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Averroha carambola fruit extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic ***:Hepatotoxicity was induced on albino mice by intraperitoneal administration of ccl4.half an hour after the administration of the last dose of the extract of Averroha carambola *** extract of the fruit of Averroha carambola was administered at a dose of 0.9 g/kg body weight once daily for seven *** hepatic injury and its prevention was assessed by the estimation of serum activities of alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,alkaline phosphates（ALP）,glutathione level and histopathological studies of ***:Pre-treatment of mice with the fruit extract of Averrhoea carambola significantly reduced serum levels of ALT,AST and ALP enzyme and significantly increased the liver reduced glutathione levels 24 h after the administration of carbon tetrachloride.A marked improvement in the enzyme activities and the liver reduced glulathione level was observed in the pre-treated mice 4 days after the administration of carbon tetrachloride. Histopathological studies provided supportive evidence for the biochemical analvsis. conclusions:The aqueous extract of the fruit of Averrhoea carambola has hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in mice.

关键词： Averroha carambola Aqueous extract Hepatoprotective activity carbon tetrachloride

Formulation and evaluation of Albendazole microcapsules for colon delivery using chitosan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第5期3卷 374-378页

作者： Simi SP Saraswathi R Sankar c Krishnan PN dilip c Ameena K Al Shifa college Of Pharmacy KizhatturPerinthalmannaKerala.Pin-679325India

Objective:To formulate and evaluate Albendazole microcapsules using chitosan,a natural polymer for colon-specific delivery for better treatment of helminthiasis,filariasis,colorectal cancer,avoiding the side ***:The Albendazole microcapsules were prepared by the use of different concentrations of sodium alginate,chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMc).The polysaccharides chitosan reacted with sodium alginate in the presence of calcium chloride to form microcapsules with a polyelectrolyte complex membrane by electrostatic interactions between the two oppositely charged *** microcapsules were then studied for entrapment efficiency,drug-polymer compatibility and surface morphology. In vitro drug release study in presence and absence of cecal content were also ***, kinetic modellings were employed to find out release ***:Albendazole loaded microspheres showd high entrapment efficiency(72.8%) and the microcapsules were free flowing,non aggregated and spherical,between 600 and 1 000μm in *** surface of microcapsules were found to be porous and *** FT-IR spectrum showed that there is no interaction between the polymer and the *** in vitro drug release study found to be affected by change in chitosan,sodium alginate and HPMc *** microcapsules with 2.5% sodium alginate and 0.4% chitosan shown minimum release in gastrointestinal simulated condition but shows maximum drug release at the end of 24th hour in presence of cecal *** rate of drug release follows Korsmeyer-peppas model that was the drug release is by diffusion and ***:The study reveals that Albendazole loaded chitosanalginate based microsphere can be used effectively for the colon targeting.

关键词： colon drug delivery Albendazole chitosan Sodium alginate Microcapsule

A pilot study on prevalence and cure rate of tuberculosis in selected areas of Malabar 2006-07.

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第2期2卷 64-67页

作者： dilip c Saraswathi R christapher PV Prasanth NV Sanal Dev Al Shifa college o Pharmacy KizhatturPerinthalmannaKerala.Pin-679325

Objective:To study the prevalence and cure rate of tuberculosis(TB) and the people affected by TB in selected areas,considering different factors like age,sex,percentage of people affected,dosage forms,role of hospitals, and patient ***:A detailed survey was carried out in and around Perinthalmanna and Wayanad(Urban and Rural) to understand the burden and overall trend of TB in our locality and how effective our TB control *** than 250 treatment cards were collected from the Government hospitals and TB ***:In the study,at Perinthalmanna and Wayanad,out of 250 TB patients it was found that males is more susceptible than females,rural area accounting for the greater proportion of TB patients. Greater proportion were affected with pulmonary than extra pulmonary *** incidence of tuberculosis in different age groups varied according to the *** proportion in both rural and urban areas were belonging to categoryⅡfollowed by categoryⅢ.conclusion:The nature and magnitude of TB is more in rural area than urban area mainly because of the lack of awareness of the severity of disease and improper follow up of preventive *** study suggests that the combined and committed efforts of government,non government organizations,medical and paramedical professional and society is required at large,to reach all patients and ensure that they receive high quality care.

关键词： Directly observed treat short course(DOTS) Multi drug resistant tuberculosis(MDR -TB) Revised national TB control programme(RNTcP)

Anti-inflammatory activity of the glandular extracts of Thunnus alalunga

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第10期3卷 794-796页

作者： A.K.Azeem c dilip S S Prasanth V Junise Hanan Shahima Kumsr Sajeev c.Naseera Al Shifa college of Pharmacy Poonthavanam P.OKizhatturPerinthalmannaMalappuram distKerala679329India

Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflamattory activity of Thunnus alalunga by both in vitro and in vivo ***:Anti-inflammatory activity of the chloroform water extract of Thunnus alalunga was done by both in vitro and in vivo *** vitro method was done by human red blood cells membrane stabilization method(HRBc).In vivo evaluation was estimated on Wister albino *** toxicity studies were done on the extract and no toxicity was ***: The percentage protection exhibited by 300 mg/mL concentration was more when compared to the other *** 400 mg/mL concentration showed potent activity on comparison with the standard during in vivo ***:In both means of estimation the extract of Thunnus alalunga was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity.

关键词： Thunnus alalunga Anti-inflamattory HRBc carrageenan

comparitive evaluation of different systems of medicines and the present scenario of chikungunya in Kerala

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第6期3卷 443-447页

作者： dilip c Saraswathi R Krishnan PN AK Azeem Raseena Abdul azeez Ramya Jaywin jose Al Shifa college Of Pharmacy KizhatturPerinthalmannaKeralaPin-679325

Objective:To identify the chikungunya outbreaks in both indoor and outdoor patients in some selected hospitals in our locality and the burden and magnitude of the disease,to compare different system of medicines(allopathic,Ayurvedic,homeopathy etc) and to explore the knowledge,attitude and practices of pharmacists and other health care professionals in the treatment of ***:A six-month study was carried *** history was taken from the case history,personal interview of doctors and suspected *** data such as name age,sex,location,date of onset of illness,medical history,general/systemic examination features,drugs used(allopathy,Ayurveda,homeopathy,or traditional) for the treatment,*** noted down.A simple questionnaire was prepared and distributed to various doctors practicing various systems of ***:A total of 209 suspected cases were identified from July to December,*** in the age group of 20-40 years were more *** study revealed that females were more affected than *** Grade-Ⅲ(58.73%) population was more prone to chikungunya than Grade-Ⅱ(38.75%) and Grade-Ⅰ(2.87%).It showed that fever,pain in muscles, and sleeping disturbances were the intense symptoms of *** and arthritis were concomitant diseases which worsened chikungunya *** also indicated the effective medicine for compliance is nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDS).conclusions:From our study we found that in some places there is no proper documentation,even though there are proper guidelines framed by the relevant *** can be concluded from the study that all the systems of medicine are equally important for the management of *** effort in promoting the guidelines at local level and proper documentation helps to achieve the goal of curbing the *** is high time to increase our effort and promote these messages at grassroot level which benefits the society/ communi

关键词： chikungunya Systems of medicine Outbreak

Anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extacts of Gendarussa vulgaris Nees

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第2期1卷 147-149页

作者： TK Mohamed Saleem AK Azeem c dilip c Sankar NV Prasanth R Duraisami Al Shifa college of Pharmacy Poonthavanam P.OKizhatturPerinthalmannaMalappuram dist Kerala Nandha college of Pharmacy

Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of the leaf exacts of Gendarussa vulgaris(***) ***:*** Nees of the family Apocynaceae is a medium sized tree grown in semishade or no shade and is common in the Ernad and Nilambur taluks of Kerala. Various parts of this plant have been used in the treatment of ulcers,sores,inflammation, dyspepsia,healing of wounds,*** present study aimed at the evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves by both in vitro and in vivo methods. In vitro method was estimated by human red blood cell membrane stabilisation(HRBc) method and in vivo method was estimated on the carrageenan induced paw ***:Both the methods showed significant anti-inflammatory property of the different extracts tested. conclusions:The alcoholic extract at a concentration of 300 mg/mL showed potent activity on comparing with the standard drug diclofenac sodium.

关键词： Gendarussa vulgaris Anti-inflamation HRBc carrageenan

Nitrogen Gas Heating and Supply System for SST-1 Tokamak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第2期15卷 157-160页

作者： Ziauddin KHAN Firozkhan PATHAN Yuvakiran PARAVASTU Siju GEORGE Gattu RAMESH Hima BINDU dilip c. RAVAL Prashant THANKEY KalpeshDHANANI Subrata PRADHAN Institute for Plasma Research Bhat Gandhinagar-382 428 India

Steady State Tokamak （SST-1） vacuum vessel baking as well as baking of the first wall components of SST-1 are essential to plasma physics experiments. Under a refurbishment spectrum of SST-1, the nitrogen gas heating and supply system has been fully refurbished. The SST-1 vacuum vessel consists of ultra-high vacuum （UHV） compatible eight modules and eight sectors. Rectangular baking channels are embedded on each of them. Similarly, the SST-1 plasma facing components （PFc） are comprised of modular graphite diverters and movable graphite based limiters. The nitrogen gas heating and supply system would bake the plasma facing components at 350 ~c and the SST-1 vacuum vessel at 150 ~c over an extended duration so as to remove water vapour and other absorbed gases. An efficient PLc based baking facility has been developed and implemented for monitoring and control purposes. This paper presents functional and operational aspects of a SST-1 nitrogen gas heating and supply system. Some of the experimental results obtained during the baking of SST-1 vacuum modules and sectors are also presented here.

关键词： SST-1 heating and supply system graphite based limiters PFc