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Seamount chains and hotspot tracks:Superficially similar,deeply different

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 307-326页

作者： Edgardo cañón-Tapia División de Ciencias de la Tierra CICESE.Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana#3985Ensenada Baja CaliforniaCP 22860Mexico

nearly 80%of the seafloor extension has not been covered by high-resolution bathymetry,impeding direct observation of ***,lists of seamount location and height at a global scale have been produced using different *** this work four of such databases(publicly available)are compared with each other to assess their *** identify large differences among databases that could have exerted strong influences on models of seamount production and associated geodynamic *** those differences,it is shown that all databases allow the identification of seamount lines both along the present-day Mid Ocean Ridge(MOR)system and on intraplate ***,those seamount lines do not coincide with the so-called hotspot tracks that commonly were defined by selectively focusing attention on the larger *** of all the databases also shows that distinction based only on seamount size between seamounts produced at Mid-Ocean Ridge(MOR)environments from those associated with mantle-plum fed-hotspot activity has been ***,combined with the fact that most seamount lines defined by the available databases can be traced back to past locations of MOR indicates that most of the present-day intraplate linear arrays of seamounts,which include some large seamounts,were not produced by the action of underlying mantle anomalies envisaged in the form of mantle *** evidence presented here calls for a reassessment of the form in which volcanic and tectonic activities are conceptually related to each other.

关键词： Seamount origin Chains of seamounts Spatial distribution of volcanism Intraplate volcanism Mid Ocean Ridge volcanism

nucleoside modified mRnA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： Krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(Khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri Alberto Javier Ramos Laboratorio de neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this *** traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain *** astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are *** altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional *** therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute ***,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRnAs or lncRnA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

Sex differences in aging and injured brain

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2901-2902页

作者： Jordan n.Williamson Yuan Yang University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Grainger College of EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringUrbanaILUSA carle Foundation Hospital Stephenson Family Clinical Research InstituteClinical Imaging Research CenterUrbanaILUSA University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUrbanaILUSA northwestern University Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement SciencesChicagoILUSA

Background:The prevalence,age of onset,and symptomatology of traumatic brain injury,stroke,and neurodegenerative diseases(such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease)differ substantially between males and *** higher prevalence of these brain disorders has been attributed to females having a greater longevity compared with *** one of the greatest risk factors of acquired brain injury(such as stroke,traumatic brain injury caused by fall)and neurodegenerative disease is age.

关键词： Huntington prevalence traumatic

Simulation of Compressible Two-Phase Flows Using a Void Ratio Transport Equation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2018年第6期24卷 167-203页

作者： Eric Goncalves dia Zeidan EnSMA Institut PprimeUPR 3346 CNRS86961 Futuroscope ChasseneuilFrance School of Basic Sciences and Humanities German Jordanian UniversityAmmanJordan

A compressible and multiphase flows solver has been developed for the study of liquid/gas flows involving shock waves and strong expansion waves leading to *** solver has a structure similar to those of the one-fluid Euler solvers,differing from them by the presence of a void ratio *** model and the system of equations to be simulated are *** are displayed for shock and expansion tube problems,shock-bubble interaction and underwater *** agreement with reference solutions,obtained from explicit finite volume approaches,is *** numerical methods are additionally displayed to provide comparable and improved computational efficiency to the model and the system of *** overall procedure is therefore very well suited for use in general two-phase fluid flow simulations.

关键词： Compressible two-phase flows cavitation homogeneous model shock and expansion waves inviscid simulation

Making bridges between preclinical and clinical insights into age-related cognitive decline

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2321-2322页

作者： David VC Brito Clévio nóbrega Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute(ABC-RI) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Algarve Biomedical Center-(ABC) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences(FMCB) University of AlgarveGambelas CampusFaroPortugal

With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether th... 详细信息

关键词： bridges becoming insight

Metal and organo-catalysed asymmetric hydroaminomethylation of styrenes

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催化学报 2015年第1期36卷 106-112页

作者： Barbara villa.Marcos Jianliang Xiao Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool

A new protocol that enables asymmetric hydroaminomethylation of styrenes to afford chiral amines has been developed. catalysed by an Rh-phosphine species and a chiral phosphoric acid, styrenes are converted into β-chiral amines with good enantioselectivities under syngas in the presence of an amine and Hantzsch ester. The reaction involves two key steps, hydroformylation and reductive amination, with the former catalysed by the Rh species whilst the latter by the phosphoric acid.

关键词：苯乙烯不对称有机催化金属对映选择性加氢甲酰化手性胺酸催化

Public perception of connected and automated vehicles:Benefits,concerns,and barriers from an Australian perspective

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第2期7卷 108-128页

作者： Ali Matin Hussein dia Department of Civil and Construction Engineering Swinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne 3122Australia

This study investigates the attitudes and concerns of the Australian public toward connected and autonomous vehicles(caVs),and the factors influencing their willingness to adopt this *** a comprehensive survey,a diverse group of respondents provided valuable insights toward various caV scenarios such as riding in a vehicle with no driver,self-driving public transport,self-driving taxis,and heavy vehicles without *** results highlight the significant impact of safety concerns about automated vehicles on individuals’attitudes across all *** levels of concern were associated with more negative attitudes,and a strong correlation between concerns and opposition underlines the necessity of addressing these apprehensions to build public trust and promote caV ***,nearly 70%of respondents felt uncomfortable driving next to a caV,but they displayed more confidence in adopting automated public transport in the near ***,around 40%of participants indicated a strong willingness to purchase a caV,primarily driven by the desire to reduce their carbon footprint and safety ***,respondents with health conditions or disability exhibited heightened interest(almost double those without health conditions)in caV *** differences emerged in attitudes and preferences toward caVs,with women expressing a greater level of concern and perceiving higher barriers to caV *** emphasizes the importance of employing targeted approaches to address the specific concerns of different *** study also underscores the role of trust in technology as a significant barrier to caV deployment,ranking high among respondents’*** overcome these challenges and facilitate successful caV deployment,various strategies are suggested,including live demonstrations,dedicated routes for automated public transport,adoption incentives,and addressing liability *** findings from this st

关键词： connected and automated vehicles(caVs) autonomous vehicles public acceptance stakeholder consultations road safety