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Assessment of glacier stored water in Karakoram Himalaya using satellite remote sensing and field investigation

Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 836-849页

作者： Kamal Kant singh Harendra singh NEGI dhiraj kum.r singh Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment

Karakoram Himalaya(KH) has continental climatic conditions and possesses largest concentration of glaciers outside the polar regions. The melt water from these glaciers is a major contributor to the Indus river. In this study, various methods have been used to estimate the ice volume in the Karakoram range of glaciers such as Coregistration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation(COSI-Corr) method and Area-Volume relations. Landsat 8 satellite data has been used to generate the ice displacement, velocity and thickness map. Our study for 558 Karakoram glaciers revealed that the average ice thickness in Karakoram is 90 m. Ground Penetrating radar(GPr) survey has been conducted in one of the KH glacier i.e. Saser La glacier and the collected GPr data is used for the validation of satellite derived thickness map. GPr measured glacier thickness values are found comparable with satellite estimated values with rMSE of 4.3 m. The total ice volume of the Karakoram glaciers is estimated to be 1607±19 km3(1473±17 Gt), which is equivalent to 1473±17 km3 of water equivalent. Present study also covers the analysis of glacier surface displacement, velocity and ice thickness values with reference to glacier mean slope.

关键词： Glacier COSI-Corr Karakoram range Ground Penetrating radar GPr Volume-Area

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Visceral leishmaniasis: An immunological viewpoint on asymptomatic infections and post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第2期11卷 98-108页

作者： Neeraj Tiwari dhiraj Kishore Surabhi Bajpai rakesh K.singh Department of Biochemistry Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Department of Medicine Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu University Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Banasthali University

Elimination of visceral leishmaniasis is a priority programme in Indian *** World Health Organization has set a new target to eliminate kala-azar by the year 2020 as previous target elimination year(2015) has *** elimination programme has successfully curbed the rate of infection in endemic regions; however, there are still few challenges in its *** current drug control regime is extremely limited and comprises only two(amphotericin B and miltefosine) drugs, which are also susceptible for parasites ***, these drugs do not produce sterile cure, and cured patients may develop post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis even after a decade of cure leaving behind a potent source of parasitic reservoirs for further disease transmission.A significant proportion of endemic population remain seropositive but aymptomatic for many years without any clinical symptom that serve as latent parasitic *** lack of tools to identify live parasites in asymptomatic infections and there association in disease transmission, parameters of sterile cure along with post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis progression remain a major threat in its *** this review, we discuss the potential of host immune inhibitory mechanisms to identify immune correlates of protective immunity to understand the mystery of asymptomatic infections, sterile cure and post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis.

关键词： Visceral leishmaniasis Immune response Asymptomatic infection Sterile cure Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis

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Inhibition of nitrification in soil by metal diethyldithiocarbamates

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第5期15卷 607-610页

作者： A.Arora Bijay singh dhiraj Sud T.Srivastava C.L.Arora PunjabAgriculturalUniversity PunjabAgriculturalUniversitySantLongowalInstituteofEngineering&TechnologySantLongowalInstituteofEngineering&TechnologyPunjabAgriculturalUniversity Ludhiana141004PunjabIndiaLudhiana141004PunjabIndiaLongowalPunjabIndiaLongowalPunjabIndiaLudhiana141004PunjabIndia

Nitrification acts as a key process in determining fertilizer use efficiency by crops as well as nitrogen losses from soils. Metal dithiocarbamates in addition to their pesticidal properties can also inhibit biological oxidation of ammonium(nitrification) in soil. Metal [M=V(Ⅲ), Cr(Ⅲ), Mn(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅲ), Ni(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ) and Co(Ⅱ)] diethyldithiocarbamates (DEDTC) were synthesized by the reaction of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate with metal chloride in dichloromethane/water mixture. These metal diethyldithiocarbamates were screened for their ability to inhibit nitrification at different concentrations(10 μg/g soil, 50 μg/g soil and 100 μg/g soil). With increasing concentration of the complex, capacity to retard nitrification increased but the extent of increase varied for different metals. At 100 μg/g soil, different complexes showed nitrification inhibition from 22 36% to 46 45%. Among the diethyldithiocarbamates tested, Zn(DEDTC) 2 proved to be the most effective nitrification inhibitor at 100 μg/g soil. Manganese, iron and chromium diethyldithiocarbamates also proved to be effective nitrification inhibitors than the others at 100 μg/g soil. The order of percent nitrification inhibition in soil by metal diethyldithiocarbamates was: Zn(Ⅱ) > Mn(Ⅱ) > Fe(Ⅲ) > Cr(Ⅲ) >V(Ⅲ) > Co(Ⅱ) > Ni(Ⅱ) > Cu(Ⅱ).

关键词： nitrification inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate metal complexes nitrogenous fertilizers pesticides

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Prevalence and Antibiotic resistance Pattern among the Mastitis Causing Microorganisms

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2018年第4期8卷 54-64页

作者： Karanvir singh Mudit Chandra Gurpreet Kaur Deepti Narang dhiraj kum.r Gupta Department of Veterinary Microbiology College of Veterinary Science Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana India Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Science Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana Punjab India

Mastitis is one of the most commonly occurring diseases of dairy animals. It is the most important cause of economic losses to the dairy industry in India and throughout the world. In the present study prevalence of microorganisms isolated from mastitic milk and their antibiotic resistance was studied. A total of sixty nine milk samples from mastitic animals (clinical and subclinical) were tested using sodium lauryl sulphate test and those positive were selected and transported to the laboratory for isolation and identification of the causative agent. Out of these samples fifty samples yielded bacterial growth when tested on selective/non selective medium. Of these fifty samples, seven samples had single bacterial growth whereas rest of the 43 samples had mixed growth. Among the bacterial isolates it was found that the highest prevalence was of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus followed by E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that Streptococcus agalactiae revealed the highest sensitivity to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and resistance to amoxicillin and doxycycline;Staphylococcus aureus revealed the highest sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, azithromycin and sparfloxacin and resistance to amoxycillin and gentamicin. Similarly, E. coli revealed the highest sensitivity to azithromycin and chloramphenicol and resistance to amoxicillin and teicoplanin, and Klebsiella pneumoniae revealed highest sensitivity to azithromycin, gentamicin and resistance to amoxicillin, teicoplanin and erythromycin. Thus, from the present study it could be concluded that Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most frequently isolated organisms from mastitic animals and azithromycin and the third generation fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and ofloxacin) were the most sensitive drugs.

关键词： Mastitis Milk Antibiotic Bacteria resistance

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Error Detecting Dual Basis Bit Parallel Systolic Multiplication Architecture over GF（2^m）

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China 2009年第4期7卷 336-342页

作者： Ashutosh kum.r singh Asish Bera Hafizur rahaman Jimson Mathew dhiraj K.Pradhan CS Dept. School of EngineeringCurtin University of Technology School of VLSI Technology Bengal Engg. & Sc. University Dept. of Information Technology Bengal Engg. & Sc. University Computer Science Dept. University of Bristol

An error tolerant hardware efficient verylarge scale integration （VLSI） architecture for bitparallel systolic multiplication over dual base, which canbe pipelined, is presented. Since this architecture has thefeatures of regularity, modularity and unidirectionaldata flow, this structure is well suited to VLSIimplementations. The length of the largest delay pathand area of this architecture are less compared to the bitparallel systolic multiplication architectures reportedearlier. The architecture is implemented using Austria Micro System＇s 0.35 μm CMOS （complementary metaloxide semiconductor） technology. This architecture canalso operate over both the dual-base and polynomialbase.

关键词： Bit parallel error correction finitfield reed-Solomon (rS) codes systolic very large scalintegration (VLSI) testing

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