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大连市儿童医院住院患儿咽部阴性杆菌的携带状况分析

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大连市儿童医院住院患儿咽部阴性杆菌的携带状况分析

作者： Shamira pem 大连医科大学

学位级别：硕士

目的：本研究的目的是以大连市儿童医院呼吸病房住院患儿为对象，了解其鼻咽部革兰阴性菌携带的分布，监测产ESBL革兰氏阴性杆菌的流行以及药物敏感状况，为临床提供合理使用抗生素的依据。方法：选择入住大连市儿童医院患者有呼吸系... 详细信息

目的：本研究的目的是以大连市儿童医院呼吸病房住院患儿为对象，了解其鼻咽部革兰阴性菌携带的分布，监测产ESBL革兰氏阴性杆菌的流行以及药物敏感状况，为临床提供合理使用抗生素的依据。方法：选择入住大连市儿童医院患者有呼吸系统感染的患者进行预期的一年研究，时间2010年1月到2010年12月。随机选取1190例住院患者进行咽拭子培养，所有标本在巧克力培养基上进行微生物培养，应用革兰氏染色和标准化测定分离鉴别的菌落。产ESBL酶革兰氏阴性菌分离，抗微生物敏感性应用K-B法测定进行。结果：1190例患儿中，男性患儿764例（64.2%），女性426例（35.8%）。208例患儿咽部检出革兰阴性菌定植，阳性率17.5%（208/1190），有18种菌株，主要包括鲍曼不动杆菌21.2%（44/208），大肠杆菌19.2%（40/208），肺炎克雷伯杆菌12.5%（26/208），流感嗜血杆菌12%（25/208），绿脓杆菌11.1%（23/208），产ESBLS菌株10.1%（21/208），混合感染者9.6%（20/208），其中13例是混合感染肠球菌，208例革兰阴性菌株培养阳性病例中，男性患儿173例（83.2%），女性患儿35例（16%），性别比例有统计学意义（P>0.05）。产ESBLS菌株占革兰氏阴性杆菌感染的10.1%，产ESBLS大肠杆菌占81%，产ESBLS肺炎克雷伯杆菌占19%。所有产ESBLS的菌株对下列抗生素的耐药率增加，分别是头孢对噻肟95.2%，头咆哌酮95.2%，头孢曲松95.2%，头孢他啶95.2%和头孢吡肟100%;对下列抗生素敏感，敏感率分别是美洛西林/舒巴坦95.2%和哌拉西林/舒巴坦95.24%、头孢西汀90.5%和亚胺培南100%。结论：鲍曼不动杆菌是大连儿童医院急性呼吸道感染最常见的革兰氏阴性杆菌，大肠杆菌是产ESBL株最多的革兰氏阴性杆菌。所有的产ESBL的革兰氏阴性菌对头孢菌素类药物（头孢噻肟、头咆哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢他啶和头孢吡肟）耐药，对含有舒巴坦的内酰胺类药物和头孢西汀和碳青酶烯类药物敏感，因此,产ESBL株引起的急性呼吸道感染应选择含有舒巴坦的内酰胺类药物、头孢西汀和碳青酶烯类药物进行治疗。

关键词：革兰阴性菌 ESBL 流行病学抗生素

Predicting global numbers of teleomorphic ascomycetes

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期114卷 237-278页

作者： Indunil C.Senanayake dh.ndevi pem Achala R.Rathnayaka Subodini N.Wijesinghe Saowaluck Tibpromma dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Rungtiwa Phookamsak Nuwan D.Kularathnage Deecksha Gomdola Dulanjalee Harishchandra Lakmali S.Dissanayake Mei-mei Xiang Anusha H.Ekanayaka Eric H.C.McKenzie Kevin D.Hyde Hao-xing Zhang Ning Xie Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityNanhai AvenueNanshanShenzhen 3688GuangdongChina Innovative Institute for Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Honghe Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesHonghe County 654400YunnanChina Centre for Mountain Futures(CMF) Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanChina CIFOR-ICRAF China Program World Agroforestry(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management On Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China Institute of Plant and Environment ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest Ministry of EducationGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Auckland Mail CentrePrivate Bag 92170Auckland 1142New Zealand

Sexual reproduction is the basic way to form high genetic diversity and it is beneficial in evolution and speciation of *** global diversity of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota has not been *** paper estimates the species number for sexual ascomycetes based on five different estimation approaches,*** numbers of described fungi,by fungus:substrate ratio,by ecological distribution,by meta-DNA barcoding or culture-independent studies and by previous estimates of species in *** assumptions were made with the currently most accepted,“2.2–3.8 million”species estimate and results of previous studies concluding that 90%of the described ascomycetes reproduce *** Catalogue of Life,Species Fungorum and published research were used for data *** average value of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota from all methods is 1.86 million,ranging from 1.37 to 2.56 ***,only around 83,000 teleomorphic species have been described in Ascomycota and deposited in data *** ratio between described teleomorphic ascomycetes to predicted teleomorphic ascomycetes is 1:***,where are the undiscovered teleomorphic ascomycetes?The undescribed species are no doubt to be found in biodiversity hot spots,poorly-studied areas and species *** poorly studied niches include extremophiles,lichenicolous fungi,human pathogens,marine fungi,and fungicolous *** species are present in unexamined collections in specimen repositories or incompletely described earlier *** issues,such as the use of separate names for teleomorph and anamorphs,synonyms,conspecific names,illegitimate and invalid names also affect the number of described *** introgression results in new species,while species numbers are reduced by extinctions.

关键词： Ascomycota Estimates Habitat diversity Molecular techniques Species concepts

Taxonomic circumscription of Diaporthales based on multigene phylogeny and morphology

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第6期93卷 241-443页

作者： Indunil C.Senanayake Rajesh Jeewon Putarak Chomnunti dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Chada Norphanphoun Anuruddha Karunarathna dh.ndevi pem Rekhani H.Perera Erio Camporesi Eric H.C.McKenzie Kevin D.Hyde Samantha C.Karunarathna Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanChina World Agroforestry Centre East and Central AsiaKunming 650201YunnanChina Centre of Excellence for Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand Department of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduit 80837Mauritius Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese Antonio CicognaniVia Roma 18Forlı`Italy A.M.B.Circolo Micologico Giovanni Carini314 BresciaItaly Societa`per gliStudiNaturalisticidella Romagna 144 BagnacavalloRAItaly Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand

Demarcation of family,genus and species boundaries in the Diaporthales has been tentative due to uninformative illus-trations and descriptions,overlapping morphological characteristics,misplacement or poor condition of type specimens and shortage of molecular data from ex-type *** this study,we obtained the type specimens or other authentic specimens of diaporthalean taxa from worldwide *** examined,described and illustrated *** study is based on morphological characters from type or authentic specimens,details from protologue and original illustrations and molecular data obtained from *** analyses of nrITS,nrLSU,RPB2 and TEF1-a sequence data were used to construct the molecular ***,we provided separate phylogenetic trees for families when necessary to show the generic distribution within these families based on suitable gene *** on morphology and phylogeny,we treat 17 genera previously assigned to Diaporthales genera incertae sedis within several *** some genera we have designated new generic types as they are lacking type species or type species have affiliations with other *** exclude Anisomycopsis from Diaporthales and place it in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae ***,which was previously placed in Tirisporellales is placed in Diaporthales based on phylogeny and morphology.A new combi-nation,Dendrostoma leiphaemia propose for Amphiporthe leiphaemia(Fr.)*** on the morphological characters and molecular data we accept 27 families and 138 genera within Diaporthales,24 genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis and one genus in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae *** provide notes for genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis,and excluded and doubtful genera are listed with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny.

关键词： Authentic specimens Dendrostoma leiphaemia Incertae sedis Classification Taxonomy Families Accepted genera

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现代菌苗:分枝杆菌病

国外医学（预防．诊断．治疗用生物制品分册） 1990年第6期13卷 252-255页

作者： Fine pem 谈良瑾

本文对BCG的保护作用和接种效果的明显差异提出了几种不同的解释,并就发展新的分枝杆菌菌苗问题进行了讨论.

关键词：分枝杆菌病菌苗

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卡介苗(BCG)在控制麻风中的作用

中国麻风皮肤病杂志 1987年第1期 59-62页

作者： Fine pem 孟梅白

过去主要基于隔离和照料病人的麻风防治措施是令人失望的。1950年前后由于一种价廉、安全和特异性抗菌剂——DDS的出现,开创了有效地控制麻风的新纪元。这种发现病人、治疗病人的方法是一种二级预防法。直至最近,一直用DDS单疗。近年防... 详细信息

过去主要基于隔离和照料病人的麻风防治措施是令人失望的。1950年前后由于一种价廉、安全和特异性抗菌剂——DDS的出现,开创了有效地控制麻风的新纪元。这种发现病人、治疗病人的方法是一种二级预防法。直至最近,一直用DDS单疗。近年防治策略又发生戏剧性变化。70年代以来证实治

关键词：麻风病人保护作用儿童乌干达分枝杆菌麻风皮肤杆菌病 BCG

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大动物非长期免疫抑制的移植耐受诱导

中国创伤骨科杂志 2000年第2期2卷 174-176页

作者： Rubin JP Cober S Butler pem 陈滨

带血管的异体骨移植术在临床的运用极大地扩展了重建外科的范围,它可以在无自体受损的情况下获得大量的供体来源。虽然有少数关于异体移植骨产生免疫耐受的报道,但相应的免疫指标未能确定,因此在大多数情况下我们还要使用持续免疫抑制... 详细信息

带血管的异体骨移植术在临床的运用极大地扩展了重建外科的范围,它可以在无自体受损的情况下获得大量的供体来源。虽然有少数关于异体移植骨产生免疫耐受的报道,但相应的免疫指标未能确定,因此在大多数情况下我们还要使用持续免疫抑制的方法来保证供体成活,然而这种对受体免疫应答抑制的方法却成为异体骨移植使用的主要障碍,这是因为免疫抑制药物有致命的副作用,对本无生命危险的异体骨移植来说是不值得的,因此临床上现在就需要一种能诱导对异体移植骨的免疫耐受而同时对其他的异体抗原保持正常的免疫应答的方法我们实验室应用小鼠模型对异体移植骨的宿主反应进行了研究。将一个包括周围软组织的带血管的膝关节进行异体移植。结果显示带血管的移植骨和内脏器官一样容易受到排斥。

关键词：非长期免疫抑制移植耐受成羊猪模型

The ranking of fungi:a tribute to David *** on his 70th birthday

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第3期84卷 1-23页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Sinang Hongsanan Milan C.Samarakoon Robert Lücking dh.ndevi pem Dulanjalee Harishchandra Rajesh Jeewon Rui-Lin Zhao Jian-Chu Xu1 Jian-Chu Xu Jian-Kui Liu Abdullah M.Al-Sadi Ali H.Bahkali Abdallah M.Elgorban Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHuairou DistrictBeijing 100408China Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 34123 Al-KhodOman Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Freie Universität BerlinKönigin-Luise-Strasse 6-814195 BerlinGermany Department of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang CityPeople’s Republic of China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand Institute of Plant and Environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097People’s Republic of China

The history of assigning ranks to fungi,as well as the relative importance of using divergence time estimates is *** paper pays tribute to the major mycological players,and especially to David Hawksworth on his 70th birthday and his contribution to fungal ranking in Systema Ascomycetum from 1982 to *** the conclusion of the latter series,the ranking continued with the Outlines of Ascomycota in 2007 and 2010 and more recently with specific classes in‘Towards an outline of Sordariomycetes’and‘Families of Dothideomycetes’.Earlier classifications based on phenotype were certainly more subjective;however,remarkably many of these old arrangements have stood the test of *** recently,phylogenetic analyses have provided evidence towards a natural classification,resulting in significant changes in many *** classification arrangements however,are still subjective and dependent on the taxa analysed,resulting in different taxonomic interpretations and schemes,particularly when it comes to ***,what have been considered as genera by some,have been introduced as families by *** recently,estimation of divergence times using molecular clock methods have been used as objective evidence for higher ranking of taxa.A divergence period(i.e.200–300 MYA)can be used as a criterion to infer when a group of related taxa evolved and what rank they should be *** compiled data on divergence times for various higher ranking taxa in the Kingdom *** kingdom evolved 1000–1600 MYA(Stenian–Calymmian),while the presently accepted phyla evolved between 358 and 541 MYA(Devonian–Cambrian).Divergence times for subphyla are generally between 358 and 485 MYA(Devonian–Ordovician),those of classes 145–358 MYA(Jurassic–Carboniferous),subclasses 66–358 MYA(Cretaceous–Carboniferous),orders 23–252 MYA(Paleogene–Triassic),families 2.8–145 MYA(Neogene–Cretaceous),and genera 2.8–66 MYA(Neogene–Paleogene).Thus,there are wide discrepancies in the times diffe

关键词： Classification Evolution Ranking Temporal banding Sordariomycetes

The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening?

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第4期103卷 219-271页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde Rajesh Jeewon Yi-Jyun Chen Chitrabhanu S.Bhunjun Mark S.Calabon Hong-Bo Jiang Chuan-Gen Lin Chada Norphanphoun Phongeun Sysouphanthong dh.ndevi pem Saowaluck Tibpromma Qian Zhang Mingkwan Doilom Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Jian-Kui Liu Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Chayanard Phukhamsakda Rungtiwa Phookamsak Abdullah M.Al-Sadi Naritsada Thongklang Yong Wang Yusufjon Gafforov E.B.Gareth Jones Saisamorn Lumyong Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Innovative Institute of Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225People’s Republic of China CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius East and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Ecology Division Biotechnology and Ecology InstituteMinistry of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box:2279VientianeLao PDR Honghe Innovation Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesHonghe County 654400YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouPeople’s Republic of China School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization Faculty of SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 34Al khoud123 MuscatOman Laboratory of Mycology Institute of BotanyAcademy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan32 Durmon Yuli StreetTashkent 100125Uzbekistan Department of Ecology Andijan State University129 Universitet StreetAndijan 170100Uzbekistan Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O Box 2455Riyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi A

The recent realistic estimate of fungal numbers which used various algorithms was between 2.2 and 3.8 *** are nearly 100,000 accepted species of Fungi and fungus-like taxa,which is between 2.6 and 4.5%of the estimated *** forums such as Botanica Marina series,Fungal Diversity notes,Fungal Biodiversity Profiles,Fungal Systematics and Evolution-New and Interesting Fungi,Mycosphere notes and Fungal Planet have enhanced the introduction of new taxa and nearly 2000 species have been introduced in these publications in the last *** need to define a fungal species more accurately has been recognized,but there is much research needed before this can be better *** address the evidence that is needed to estimate the numbers of fungi and address the various advances that have been made towards its *** genera are barely known,whereas some plant pathogens comprise numerous species complexes and numbers are steadily *** this paper,we examine ten genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal description and introduce new species in each *** genera are the ascomycetes Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis(with many species or complexes),Atrocalyx,Dothiora,Lignosphaeria,Okeanomyces,Rhamphoriopsis,Thozetella,Thyrostroma(rela-tively poorly studied genera)and the basidiomycete genus *** provide examples where knowledge is incomplete or lacking and suggest areas needing further *** include(1)the need to establish what is a species,(2)the need to establish how host-specific fungi are,not in highly disturbed urban areas,but in pristine or relatively undisturbed forests,and(3)the need to establish if species in different continents,islands,countries or regions are different,or if the same fungi occur worldwide?Finally,we conclude whether we are anywhere near to flattening the curve in new species description.

关键词： 11 new taxa Atrocalyx Colletotrichum Dothiora fungal numbers Host-specificity Lepiota Lignosphaeria Okeanomyces Pestalotiopsis Rhamphoriopsis Thozetella Thyrostroma

Correction to:Predicting global numbers of teleomorphic ascomycete

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期 279-279页

In the section Biodiversity hotspots,the origin of most ascomycetous type collections was incorrectly *** original article has been corrected.

关键词： corrected numbers global