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Conditional Congruence Closure over Uninterpreted and Interpreted Symbols

Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2019年第1期32卷 317-355页

作者： KAPUR deepak Department of Computer Science University of New Mexico

A framework for generating congruence closure and conditional congruence closure of ground terms over uninterpreted as well as interpreted symbols satisfying various properties is proposed. It is based on some of the key concepts from Kapur's congruence closure algorithm(RTA97)for ground equations based on introducing new symbols for all nonconstant subterms appearing in the equation set and using ground completion on uninterpreted constants and puri?ed equalities over interpreted symbols belonging to different theories. In the original signature, the resulting rewrite systems may be nonterminating but they still generate canonical forms. A byproduct of this framework is a constant Horn completion algorithm using which ground canonical Horn rewrite systems can be generated for conditional ground *** effcient algorithms for generating congruence closure of conditional and unconditional equations on ground terms over uninterpreted symbols are presented. The complexity of the conditional congruence closure is shown to be O(n*log(n)), which is the same as for unconditional ground *** proposed algorithm is motivated by our attempts to generate effcient and succinct interpolants for the quanti?er-free theory of equality over uninterpreted function symbols which are often a conjunction of conditional equations and need additional simpli?cation. A completion algorithm to generate a canonical conditional rewrite system from ground conditional equations is also presented. The framework is general and ?exible and is used later to develop congruence closure algorithms for cases when function symbols satisfy simple properties such as commutativity, nilpotency, idempotency and identity as well as their combinations. Interesting outcomes include algorithms for canonical rewrite systems for ground equational and conditional theories on uninterpreted and interpreted symbols leading to generation of canonical forms for ground terms, constrained terms and Horn equat

关键词： Completion congruence closure conditional congruence closure intepreted symbols rewrit-ing uninterpreted symbols

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Dynamics of 7Li breakup and its influence on elastic scattering: a study of 7Li + 144Sm system

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 124-134页

作者： A.Morzabayev N.Amangeldi Awad A.Ibraheem D.Soldatkhan G.Yergaliuly B.Mauyey Anuar.A.Orazalievna sh.Hamada L.N.Gumilyov eurasian national university astanakazakhstan Institute of nuclear physics almatykazakhstan Physics department king khalid universityabhasaudi arabia Faculty of science tanta universitytantaegypt

The angular distributions of 7Li+144Sm elastic scattering over the energy range of 21.6–52 MeV are reanalyzed utilizing various interaction *** analysis aims to study the consistency of the implemented potentials in representing the considered data and investigate the cluster nature of the weakly bound 7Li *** will aid in the better understanding the impacts of 7Li breakup on the elastic scattering *** coupling to the breakup channel has a substantial impact on the elastic data and reproduces a repulsive dynamical polarization potential,which drastically diminishes the real potential *** reported impact was simulated by introducing a semi-microscopic repulsive DPP and by implementing the method of continuum discretized coupled *** analysis was also extended to understand the impact of triton transfer on the elastic scattering data.

关键词： phenomenological and semi-microscopic potentials cluster folding dynamic polarization

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Impact of surface Albedo on Martian photochemistry

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第3期4卷 206-211页

作者： deepak Singh Physical Research Laboratory AhmedabadIndia

Solar energy is the primary driving force behind a planet’s climate system,and surface albedo plays a key role in determining the energy budget of the *** the Snow,Ice,and Aerosol Radiation(SNICAR)with the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique(LMD)Mars General Circulation Model(MGCM)to create a new coupled model leads to an approximately 4%drop in the net CO2 ice deposition on *** simulated surface albedo affects the concentration of gaseous species in the Martian atmosphere(condensation-sublimation cycle).The new set-up also impacts the solar energy available in the *** two effects together lead to subsequent and significant changes in other chemical species in the Martian *** with results of the MGCM model alone,in the new coupled model CO2(gas)and O3 show a drop of about 1.17%and 8.59%in their respective concentrations,while H2O(vapor)and CO show an increase of about 13.63%and 0.56%in their respective *** trace species,OH shows a maximum increase of about 29.44%,while the maximum drop of 11.5%is observed in the O *** neutral species such as Ar and N2 remain unaffected by the albedo changes.

关键词： Mars Albedo snow photochemistry climate modelling

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Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy launch with remote telemedicine international proctorship

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 40-50页

作者： Igor V.Buzaev Rezida M.Galimova Dinara I.Nabiullina Sergey N.Illarioshkin Naufal sh.Zagidullin shamil M.Safin Department of Surgery Bashkir State Medical UniversityUfaRussia Intelligent Neurosurgery Clinic Ltd.International Medical Center V.S.Buzaev memorialUfaRussia Directorate Research Center of NeurologyVolokolamskoye ShosseMoscowRussia

Background: COVID-19 limitations have hindered the implementation of new technologies by preventing proctors from coming to the *** share our first experience of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-guided focused ultrasound(MRgFUS)treatment with an international remote online proctorship,and develop and evaluate the methodology of remote MRgFUS ***: This single-center,nonrandomized controlled prospective study included 94 patients:27 with essential tremor(ET)and 67 with tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease(PD).The coming of proctors was impossible,so we arranged for the remote participation of proctors from the United Kingdom,Spain,and Israel.A total of 38 patients(40.4%)received telemedicine-proctored treatment(proctor group)and 56 received their treatment independently(solo group).We used the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor(CRST)for ET patients and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS)Part III for PD ***: In patients with ET,success rates were 81.8%(proctor group)and 100%(solo group)(p=0.22).CRST reduction on the treated side was 71.43%[65.83%;80.56%](proctor group)versus 60.87%[53.99;79.58](solo group)(p=0.19).None of the patients showed worsening of tremors within 1 *** patients with PD,the success rates were 92.6%(proctor group)and 100%(solo group)(p=0.08).The UPDRS Part III improvement was 30.1%(proctor group)versus 39.9%(solo group)(p=0.003).The 1-year recurrence rate was 40%(proctor group)and 17.5%(solo group)(p=0.04).No complications were observed at 6 ***: We developed a feasible and safe methodology for telemedicine remote online-proctored MRgFUS *** significant difference was observed between the solo and developed remote proctor protocols in terms of complication rate,effect,and long-term results;however,UPDRS Part III improvement was better in the PD solo *** study demonstrated that the MRgFUS international proctorship can be performed successfully remotely.

关键词： essential tremor MRgFUS Parkinson's disease proctor telemedicine

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Effectiveness of state incentives for promoting wind energy： A panel data examination

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第3期9卷 247-258页

作者： deepak SANGROYA Jogendra NAYAK Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Technology IIT Roorkee Roorkee 247667 India

Over the last decade, India has started to concentrate earnestly on renewable energy. The Indian government, as well as different state governments, are adopting policy instruments such as feed in tariff, captive consumption, renewable purchase obligation and genera- tion based incentive etc. aimed at renewable energy development. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of state level incentives for the development of wind energy in India. Fixed effect panel data modelling technique of econometric analysis is used to analyse the data of 26 Indian states in 11 years. The results show that feed in tariff and captive consumption are the significant predictors of wind energy development. However, renewable purchase obligation does not affect wind energy significantly.

关键词： India wind energy development state incen-tives econometric analysis panel data

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Design optimization of first wall and breeder unit module size for the Indian HCCB blanket module

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第6期20卷 200-210页

作者： deepak shARMA Paritosh CHAUDHURI Institute for Plasma Research Bhat Gandhinagar Gujarat-382428 India

The Indian test blanket module（TBM） program in ITER is one of the major steps in the Indian fusion reactor program for carrying out the R＆D activities in the critical areas like design of tritium breeding blankets relevant to future Indian fusion devices（ITER relevant and DEMO）.The Indian Lead–Lithium Cooled Ceramic Breeder（LLCB） blanket concept is one of the Indian DEMO relevant TBM,to be tested in ITER as a part of the TBM ***-Cooled Ceramic Breeder（HCCB） is an alternative blanket concept that consists of lithium titanate（Li_2TiO_3） as ceramic breeder（CB） material in the form of packed pebble beds and beryllium as the neutron ***,attentions are given to the optimization of first wall coolant channel design and size of breeder unit module considering coolant pressure and thermal loads for the proposed Indian HCCB blanket based on ITER relevant TBM and loading *** analyses will help proceeding further in designing blankets for loads relevant to the future fusion device.

关键词： first wall blanket breeder unit thermal hydraulics structural analysis HCCB(helium-cooled ceramic breeder)

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ON INVARIANT CHECKING

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2013年第3期26卷 470-482页

作者： ZHANG Zhihai KAPUR deepak School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Department of Computer Science University of New Mexico

Checking whether a given formula is an invariant at a given program location(especially,inside a loop) can be quite nontrivial even for simple loop programs,given that it is in general an undecidable *** is especially the case if the given formula is not an inductive loop invariant,as most automated techniques can only check or generate inductive loop *** this paper,conditions are identified on simple loops and formulas when this check can be performed automatically.A general theorem is proved which gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a formula to be an invariant under certain restrictions on a *** a byproduct of this analysis,a new kind of loop invariant inside the loop body,called inside-loop invariant,is *** an invariant is more general than an inductive loop invariant typically used in the Floyd-Hoare axiomatic approach to program *** use of such invariants for program debugging is explored;it is shown that such invariants can be more useful than traditional inductive loop invariants especially when one is interested in checking extreme/side conditions such as underflow,accessing array/collection data structures outside the range,divide by zero,etc.

关键词： Assertion Floyd-Hoare logic invariant invariant generation.

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The correlation between friction coefficient and areal topography parameters for AISI 304 steel sliding against AISI 52100 steel

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Friction 2021年第1期9卷 41-60页

作者： deepak K.PRAJAPATI Mayank TIWARI Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyPatna 801103India

Dry wear experiments provide an insight detail on how severely contacting surfaces change under unlubricated sliding condition. The theory of dry sliding wear is used for understanding mixed-lubrication regime in which asperity interactions play a significant role in controlling of the friction coefficient(f). The purpose of this work is to study the tribological behavior of AISI 304 steel in contact with AISI 52100 steel during wear. Both materials are used in rolling element bearings commanly. Experiments are carried out using a pin-on-disc tribometer under dry friction condition. The areal(three dimensional, 3D) topography parameters are measured using a 3D white light interferometer(WLI) with a 10× objective. After wear tests, wear mechanisms are analyzed utilizing scanning electron microscope(SEM). Factorial design with custom response surface design(C-RSD) is used to study the mutual effect of load and speed on response variables such as f and topography parameters. It is observed that the root mean square roughness(S_(q)) decreases with an increase in sliding time. Within the range of sliding time, S_(q) decreases with an increase in the normal load. Within the range of sliding speed and normal load, it is found that S_(q), mean summit curvature(S_(sc)), and root mean square slope(S_(dq)) are positively correlated with f. Whereas, negative correlation is found between f and correlation length(Sal), mean summit radius(R), and core roughness depth(S_(k)).

关键词： friction coefficient(f) areal topography parameters factorial design non-contact optical profiler scanning electron microscope(SEM)

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产业链韧性测度方法研究进展

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经济学动态 2024年第4期 144-160页

作者：肖兴志王振宇李少林东北财经大学产业组织与企业组织研究中心 116025

产业链韧性测度是识别“断链”风险和维护产业链安全稳定的现实抓手,成为新时代应对、把握和引领大变局亟待解决的热点问题。本文在分析产业链韧性测度现实需求的基础上,从产业链韧性测度的理论基础、方法类型、应用步骤三个方面就经典... 详细信息

产业链韧性测度是识别“断链”风险和维护产业链安全稳定的现实抓手,成为新时代应对、把握和引领大变局亟待解决的热点问题。本文在分析产业链韧性测度现实需求的基础上,从产业链韧性测度的理论基础、方法类型、应用步骤三个方面就经典文献进行述评。首先,围绕恢复、抵抗、适应与变革四大能力追溯概念界定、内涵特征和学科交叉的理论起源;其次,系统梳理了以核心变量法、综合评价法及投入产出法为代表的产业链韧性评价方法,剖析了各自优点与相对不足;最后,全面厘清了“冲击识别—结构分析—韧性评价”框架下的韧性测度理论与方法应用。本文认为,产业链韧性测度方法的选取及应用须高度重视学科交叉的应用场景,廓清理论模型的适用条件,为测度和增强产业链韧性提供多样化、稳健性的方法支撑。

关键词：产业链韧性经济韧性测度方法

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Influences of substrate temperature on microstructure and corrosion behavior of APS Ni_(50)Ti_(25)Al_(25) inter-metallic coating

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第2期27卷 607-612页

作者： sh Khandanjou M Ghoranneviss sh Saviz M Reza Afshar Plasma Physics Research Center Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Materials Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University

In the present investigation, Ni_（50）Ti_（25）Al_（25）（at.%） mechanically alloyed powder is deposited on carbon steel *** the coating process, the substrate is heated to temperature ranging from room temperature to 400℃. The microstructure, porosity, microhardness, adhesion strength, and corrosion behavior of the coating are investigated at different substrate temperatures. Results show that coating porosity is lower on high temperature surface. Microhardness and adhesion strength of the deposition layer on the substrate without preheating have lower values than with preheating. The polarization test result shows that corrosion performance of the coating is dependent on micro cracks and porosities and the increasing of substrate temperature can improve the quality of coating and corrosion performance.

关键词： Ni50Ti25Al25 coating air plasma spray planetary ball milling inter-metallic compounds corrosion resistance

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