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Conditional Congruence Closure over Uninterpreted and Interpreted Symbols

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2019年第1期32卷 317-355页

作者： KAPUR deepak Department of Computer Science University of New Mexico

A framework for generating congruence closure and conditional congruence closure of ground terms over uninterpreted as well as interpreted symbols satisfying various properties is proposed. It is based on some of the key concepts from Kapur's congruence closure algorithm(RTA97)for ground equations based on introducing new symbols for all nonconstant subterms appearing in the equation set and using ground completion on uninterpreted constants and puri?ed equalities over interpreted symbols belonging to different theories. In the original signature, the resulting rewrite systems may be nonterminating but they still generate canonical forms. A byproduct of this framework is a constant Horn completion algorithm using which ground canonical Horn rewrite systems can be generated for conditional ground *** effcient algorithms for generating congruence closure of conditional and unconditional equations on ground terms over uninterpreted symbols are presented. The complexity of the conditional congruence closure is shown to be O(n*log(n)), which is the same as for unconditional ground *** proposed algorithm is motivated by our attempts to generate effcient and succinct interpolants for the quanti?er-free theory of equality over uninterpreted function symbols which are often a conjunction of conditional equations and need additional simpli?cation. A completion algorithm to generate a canonical conditional rewrite system from ground conditional equations is also presented. The framework is general and ?exible and is used later to develop congruence closure algorithms for cases when function symbols satisfy simple properties such as commutativity, nilpotency, idempotency and identity as well as their combinations. Interesting outcomes include algorithms for canonical rewrite systems for ground equational and conditional theories on uninterpreted and interpreted symbols leading to generation of canonical forms for ground terms, constrained terms and Horn equat

关键词： Completion congruence closure conditional congruence closure intepreted symbols rewrit-ing uninterpreted symbols

Impact of surface Albedo on Martian photochemistry

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第3期4卷 206-211页

作者： deepak Singh Physical Research Laboratory AhmedabadIndia

Solar energy is the primary driving force behind a planet’s climate system,and surface albedo plays a key role in determining the energy budget of the *** the Snow,Ice,and Aerosol Radiation(SnICAR)with the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique(LMD)Mars General Circulation Model(MGCM)to create a new coupled model leads to an approximately 4%drop in the net CO2 ice deposition on *** simulated surface albedo affects the concentration of gaseous species in the Martian atmosphere(condensation-sublimation cycle).The new set-up also impacts the solar energy available in the *** two effects together lead to subsequent and significant changes in other chemical species in the Martian *** with results of the MGCM model alone,in the new coupled model CO2(gas)and O3 show a drop of about 1.17%and 8.59%in their respective concentrations,while H2O(vapor)and CO show an increase of about 13.63%and 0.56%in their respective *** trace species,OH shows a maximum increase of about 29.44%,while the maximum drop of 11.5%is observed in the O *** neutral species such as Ar and n2 remain unaffected by the albedo changes.

关键词： Mars Albedo snow photochemistry climate modelling

Identification and characterization of irregular consumptions of load data

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2017年第3期5卷 465-477页

作者： Desh deepak SHARMA S.n.SInGH Jeremy LIn Elham FORUZAn Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpurIndia PJM Interconnection AudubonPAUSA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nebraska–LincolnLincolnNEUSA

The historical information of loadings on substation helps in evaluation of size of photovoltaic(PV)generation and energy storages for peak shaving and distribution system upgrade deferral. A method, based on consumption data, is proposed to separate the unusual consumption and to form the clusters of similar regular consumption. The method does optimal partition of the load pattern data into core points and border points, high and less dense regions, respectively. The local outlier factor, which does not require fixed probability distribution of data and statistical measures, ranks the unusual consumptions on only the border points, which are a few percent of the complete data. The suggested method finds the optimal or close to optimal number of clusters of similar shape of load patterns to detect regular peak and valley load demands on different days. Furthermore,identification and characterization of features pertaining to unusual consumptions in load pattern data have been done on border points only. The effectiveness of the proposed method and characterization is tested on two practical distribution systems.

关键词： Density based clustering Irregular consumption Local outlier factor Peak demand Valley demand

Effect of tunneling current on the noise characteristics of a 4H-SiC Read Avalanche diode

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Journal of Semiconductors 2013年第1期34卷 23-27页

作者： deepak K.Karan Pranati Panda G. n.Dash School of Physics Sambalpur UniversityJyoti ViharBurlaSambalpur-768 019 (Odisha)India

noise characteristics of a Read Avalanche diode are analyzed by incorporating the tunneling mechanism of the electron into the avalanche *** expressions are presented for the mean square noise voltage and noise measure in MITATT（mixed tunneling and avalanche transit time） mode operation.A wide band gap semiconductor（4H-SiC） based MITATT diode is considered to study the effect of tunneling on the noise characteristics and negative *** exhibiting enough potential for 4H-SiC to be used as a terahertz source of power in the MITATT mode,our results record a noise measure of 35.18 dB at a frequency of 1.5 THz.

关键词： MITATT 4H-SiC noise

Long-term open circuit microbial electrosynthesis system promotes methanogenesis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第2期29卷 3-6页

作者： Raúl Mateos Adrián Escapa María Isabel San-Martín Heleen De Wever Ana Sotres deepak Pant Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group Natural Resources Institute(IRENA)University of LeonLeon 24071Spain Department of Electrical Engineering and Automatic Systems Universidad de LeonLeon 24071Spain Reparation and Conversion Technology Flemish Institute for Technological Research(VITO)Mol 2400Belgium

Microbial electrosynthesis(MES) can potentially provide a mean for storing renewable energy surpluses as chemical energy. However, the fluctuating nature of these energy sources may represent a threat to MES, as the microbial communities that develop on the biocathode rely on the continuous existence of a polarized electrode. This work assesses how MES performance, product generation and microbial community evolution are affected by a long-period(6 weeks) power off(open circuit). Acetogenic and H2-producing bacteria activity recovered after reconnection. However, few days later syntrophic acetate oxidation bacteria and H2-consuming methanogens became dominant, producing CH4 as the main product, via electromethanogenesis and the syntrophic interaction between eubacterial and archaeal communities which consume both the acetic acid and the hydrogen present in the cathode environment. Thus,the system proved to be resilient to a long-term power interruption in terms of electroactivity. At the same time, these results demonstrated that the system could be extensively affected in both end product generation and microbial communities.

关键词： Biocathode Electromethanogenesis Microbial electrosynthesis Microbial community dynamics Methanogens Acetogens

Telbivudine:A new treatment for chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第46期13卷 6150-6155页

作者： deepak n Amarapurkar Consultant Gastroenterologist Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBombay Hospital & Medical Research CentreMumbai 400025India

Three hundred and fifty million people worldwide are estimated to be chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. 15%-40% of these subjects will develop cirrhosis, liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma during their life. The treatment of chronic hepatitis B has improved dramatically over the last decade merits to the advent of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues and the use of pegylated interferons. Approved drugs for chronic hepatitis B treatment include： standard interferon- alpha 2b, pegylated interferon-alpha 2a, lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, and entecavir. Unfortunately, these agents are not effective in all patients and are associated with distinct side effects. Interferons have numerous side effects and nucleoside or nucleotide analogues, which are well tolerated, need to be used for prolonged periods, even indefinitely. However, prolonged treatment with nucleoside or nucleotide analogues is associated with a high rate of resistance. Telbivudine is a novel, orally administered nucleoside analogue for use in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. In contrast to other nucleoside analogues, Telbivudine has not been associated with inhibition of mammalian DnA polymerase with mitochondrial toxicity. Telbivudine has demonstrated potent activity against hepatitis B with a significantly higher rate of response and superior viral suppression compared with lamivudine, the standard treatment. Telbivudine has been generally well tolerated, with a low adverse effect profile, and at its effective dose, no dose- limiting toxicity has been observed. Telbivudine is one of the most potent antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis B virus and was approved by the FDA in late 2006.

关键词： Telbivudine Chronic hepatitis B Hepatitis Bvirus nucleoside analogue Antiviral agents Pegylatedinterferons Lamivudine Adefovir dipivoxil Entecavir

Gindarudine,a novel morphine alkaloid from Stephania glabra

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第7期20卷 823-826页

作者： deepak Kumar Semwal Usha Rawat Department ofChemistry H.N.B.Garhwal University SrinagarUttarakhand 246174 India

A novel morphine alkaloid, named gindarudine 1 has been isolated from ethanol extract of Stephania glabra tubers, together with four known alkaloids, palmatine, dehydrocorydalmine, stepharanine, and 8-（4＇-methoxybenzyl）-xylopinine. Compound 1 was elucidated as 3,6-O,n-detrimethyl-10-hydroxy-l-methoxy-thebaine by means of spectroscopic data including 2D nMR studies. C 2009 deepak Kumar Semwal. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stephania glabra Menispermaceae Gindaru Gindarudine

Fixed Point Theorems in Relational Metric Spaces with an Application to Boundary Value Problems

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Journal of Partial Differential Equations 2021年第1期34卷 83-93页

作者： PRASAD Gopi KHAnTWAL deepak Department of Mathematics HNB Garhwal UniversitySrinagar GarhwalIndia Department of Mathematics Graphic Era Hill UniversityDehradunIndia

In this paper,we establish fixed point theorems for generalized nonlinear contractive mappings using the concept of w-distance in relational metric *** we generalize the recent results of Senapati and Dey[*** Point Theory Appl.19,2945-2961(2017)]and many other important results relevant to this *** order to revel the usefulness of such investigations,an application to first order periodic boundary value problem are ***,we furnish a non-trivial example to demonstrate the validity of our generalization over previous existing results.

关键词： Binary relation R-lower semi-continuity relational metric spaces

Glyoxylic acid as catalyst:A simple selective synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles in aqueous media

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第9期19卷 1055-1058页

作者： Shivaji S.Pawar deepak V.Dekhane Murlidhar S.Shingare Shivaji n.Thore Department of Chemistry Vinyakrao Patil Mahavidyala VaijapurAurangabad 423701(M.S.)India Department of Chemistry Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada UniversityAurangabad 431004(M.S.)India

Glyoxylic acid （5 mol%） performs as a novel highly water-soluble catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl-l-arylmethyl-lH- benzimidazoles from a wide range of substituted o-phenylenediamines and various substituted aldehydes in good to excellent isolated yields （85-95%） using water as solvent at ambient temperature. The remarkable advantages offered by this method are easily and inexpensive available catalyst, simple procedure, mild conditions, much faster （20--40 rain） reactions and excellent yields of products.

关键词： Glyoxylic acid Benzimidazoles Aqueous media 2-Aryl-l-arylmethyl-lH-benzimidazoles o-Phenylenediamines and aldehydes