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New frontiers for the materials genome initiative

npj Computational materials 2019年第1期5卷 776-798页

作者： Juan J.de Pablo Nicholas E.Jackson michael A.Webb Long-Qing Chen Joel E.moore Dane morgan Ryan Jacobs Tresa Pollock Darrell G.Schlom Eric S.Toberer James Analytis Ismaila Dabo dean m.delongchamp Gregory A.Fiete Gregory m.Grason Geoffroy Hautier Yifei mo Krishna Rajan Evan J.Reed Efrain Rodriguez Vladan Stevanovic Jin Suntivich Katsuyo Thornton Ji-Cheng Zhao Institute for molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60615USA Department of materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Physics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA materials Department and materials Research Laboratory University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Department of materials Science and Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Department of Physics Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA materials measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Department of Physics University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Institute of Condensed matter and Nanosciences UniversitéCatholique de Louvain1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Department of materials Science and Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Department of materials Design and Innovation University of Buffalo–The State University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14260-5030USA Department of materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Department of metallurgical and materials Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA Department of materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

The materials Genome Initiative(mGI)advanced a new paradigm for materials discovery and design,namely that the pace of new materials deployment could be accelerated through complementary efforts in theory,computation,and *** with numerous successes,new challenges are inviting researchers to refocus the efforts and approaches that were originally inspired by the *** may 2017,the National Science Foundation sponsored the workshop“Advancing and Accelerating materials Innovation Through the Synergistic Interaction among Computation,Experiment,and Theory:Opening New Frontiers”to review accomplishments that emerged from investments in science and infrastructure under the mGI,identify scientific opportunities in this new environment,examine how to effectively utilize new materials innovation infrastructure,and discuss challenges in achieving accelerated materials research through the seamless integration of experiment,computation,and *** article summarizes key findings from the workshop and provides perspectives that aim to guide the direction of future materials research and its translation into societal impacts.

关键词： utilize frontier accomplishment

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Structural and functional roles of ether lipids

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Protein & Cell 2018年第2期9卷 196-206页

作者： John m. dean Irfan J. Lodhi Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Lipid Research Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO 63110 USA

Ether lipids, such as plasmalogens, are peroxisome- derived glycerophospholipids in which the hydrocarbon chain at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone is attached by an ether bond, as opposed to an ester bond in the more common diacyl phospholipids. This seem- ingly simple biochemical change has profound structural and functional implications. Notably, the tendency of ether lipids to form non-lamellar inverted hexagonal structures in model membranes suggests that they have a role in facilitating membrane fusion processes. Ether lipids are also important for the organization and stability of lipid raft microdomains, cholesterol-rich membrane regions involved in cellular signaling. In addition to their structural roles, a subset of ether lipids are thought to function as endogenous antioxidants, and emerging studies suggest that they are involved in cell differentiation and signaling pathways. Here, we review the biology of ether lipids and their potential signifi- cance in human disorders, including neurological diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders.

关键词： ether lipids plasmalogen phospholipid peroxisomes cancer metabolic disorders

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Assortative mating and self-fertilization differ in their contributions to reinforcement, cascade speciation, and diversification

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Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 169-181页

作者： dean m. CASTILLO Amanda K. GIBSON Leonie C. mOYLE Department of Biology 1001 East Third Street Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA

Cascade speciation and reinforcement can evolve rapidly when traits are pleiotropic and act as both signal/cue in nonrandom mating. Here, we examine the contribution of two key traits-assortative mating and self-fertilization--to reinforcement and （by extension） cascade speciation. First, using a population genetic model of reinforcement we find that both assortative mating and self-fertilization can make independent contributions to increased reproductive isolation, consistent with reinforcement. Self-fertilization primarily evolves due to its 2-fold transmission advantage when inbreeding depression （d） is lower （d〈 0.45） but evolves as a function of the cost of hybridization under higher inbreeding depression （0.45 〈 d〈 0.48）. When both traits can evolve simultaneously, increased self-fertilization often prohibits the evolution of assortative mating. We infer that, under specific conditions, mating system transitions are more likely to lead to increased reproductive isolation and initiate cascade speciation, than assortative mating. Based on the results of our simulations, we hypothesized that transitions to self-fertilization could contribute to clade-wide diversification if reinforcement or cascade speciation is common. We tested this hypothesis with comparative data from two different groups. Consistent with our hypothesis, there was a trend towards uniparental reproduction being associated with increased diversification rate in the Nematode phylum. For the plant genus mimulus, however, self-fertilization was associated with reduced diversification. Reinforcement driving speciation via transitions to self-fertilization might be short lived or unsustainable across macroevolutionary scales in some systems （some plants）, but not others （such as nematodes）, potentially due to differences in susceptibility to inbreeding depression and/or the ability to transition between reproductive modes.

关键词： speciation pleiotropy self-fertilization.

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Glutamate transporters, EAAT1 and EAAT2, are potentially important in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia and affective disorders

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2018年第2期8卷 51-63页

作者： Georgia m Parkin madhara Udawela Andrew Gibbons Brian dean molecular Psychiatry Laboratory the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health CRC for mental Health Research Centre for mental Health the Faculty of Health Arts and Design Swinburne University

Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain and it has been shown that prolonged activation of the glutamatergic system leads to nerve damage and cell death. Following release from the pre-synaptic neuron and synaptic transmission, glutamate is either taken up into the presynaptic neuron or neighbouring glia by transmembrane glutamate transporters. Excitatory amino acid transporter(EAAT) 1 and EAAT2 are Na+-dependant glutamate transporters expressed predominantly in glia cells of the central nervous system. As the most abundant glutamate transporters, their primary role is to modulate levels of glutamatergic excitability and prevent spill over of glutamate beyond the synapse. This role is facilitated through the binding and transportation of glutamate into astrocytes and microglia. The function of EAAT1 and EAAT2 is heavily regulated at the levels of gene expression, post-transcriptional splicing, glycosylation states and cell-surface trafficking of the protein. Both glutamatergic dysfunction and glial dysfunction have been proposed to be involved in psychiatric disorder. This review will present an overview of the roles that EAAT1 and EAAT2 play in modulating glutamatergic activity in the human brain, and mount an argument that these two transporters could be involved in the aetiologies of schizophrenia and affective disorders as well as represent potential drug targets for novel therapies for those disorders.

关键词： Glia Excitatory amino acid transporter Psychiatry Affective disorders Glutamate transporter Glutamate Schizophrenia

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microstructure and mechanical properties of curved AZ31 magnesium alloy profiles produced by differential velocity sideways extrusion

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2023年第2期11卷 493-508页

作者： Wenbin Zhou Jianguo Lin Trevor A.dean Department of mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Department of mechanical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Science and Engineering University of DundeeDundee DD14HNUK

Lightweight curved profiles are widely utilised in the transportation industry considering the increasing need for improving aerodynamic efficiency,aesthetics and cutting *** this paper,curved AZ31 mg alloy profiles were manufactured in one operation by a novel process,differential velocity sideways extrusion(DVSE),in which two opposed rams were *** of extrusion temperature and velocity(strain rate) on curvature,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the formed profiles were *** curvature was found to be more readily controlled by the velocity ratio of the bottom ram v2to the top ram v1,whereas extrusion temperature(T=250,300,350℃)and extrusion velocity(v_(1)=0.1,1 mm/s) slightly affect curvature for a given velocity ratio.A homogeneous microstructure with equiaxed grains(~4.5 μm) resulted from dynamic recrystallisation(DRX),was observed after DVSE(v_(2)/v_(1)=1/2) at 300 ℃ and v_(1)=0.1 mm/s,where the initial billet had an average grain size of ~25 *** extrusion temperature leads to grain growth(~5 μm) at 350 ℃ and v_(1)=0.1 mm/*** is incomplete at the relatively low temperature of 250℃(v_(1)=0.1 mm/s),and higher strain rate with v1=1mm/s(T=300℃),resulting in inhomogeneous bi-modal necklace pattern grains ranging in size around 1-25 μm for the former and 2-20μm for the *** refinement is attributed to DRX during the severe plastic deformation(SPD) arising in DVSE,and initiates at the prior boundaries of coarse grains in a necklace-like *** with the billet,micro-hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the profiles have been enhanced,which is compatible with grain ***,an obvious increase in tensile ductility was ***,yield strength slightly decreases except for the complete DRXed case(300℃,v_(1)=0.1 mm/s),where a slightly higher value was found,indicating strengthening by grain refinement is greater than softening caused by texture *** initial billet had a strong b

关键词： Extrusion magnesium alloy AZ31 Curved profiles/sections Bending Grain refinement Dynamic recrystallisation

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myokine Response to Blood-Flow Restricted Resistance Exercise in Younger and Older males in an Untrained and Resistance-Trained State:A Pilot Study

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 203-217页

作者： dean m.Cordingley Judy E.Anderson Stephen m.Cornish Applied Health Sciences University of ManitobaWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada Pan Am Clinic Foundation 75 Poseidon BayWinnipegMB R3M 3E4Canada Faculty of Science University of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation management University of Manitoba110 Frank Kennedy CentreWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada Centre for Aging University of ManitobaWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the response of myokines to blood-flow restricted resistance-exercise(BFR-RE)in younger and older males before and after completing a 12-week resistance-training *** There were 8 younger(24.8±3.9 yrs)and 7 older(68.3±5.0 yrs)untrained male participants completed this *** and maximal strength(1Rm)measurements were collected before and after a 12-week,supervised,progres-sive full-body resistance-training *** well,an acute bout of full-body BFR-RE was performed with venipuncture blood samples collected before and immediately following the BFR-RE,followed by sampling at 3,6,24 and 48 *** The 12-week training program stimulated a 32.2%increase in average strength and 30%increase in strength per kg of fat free *** response of particular myokines to the acute bout of BFR-RE was influenced training status(IL-4,untrained=78.1±133.2 pg/mL ***=59.8±121.6 pg/mL,P=0.019;IL-7,untrained=3.46±1.8 pg/mL ***=2.66±1.3 pg/mL,P=0.047)or both training and age(irisin,P=0.04;leukemia inhibitory factor,Pmass were correlated with area under the curve for IL-4(r=0.537;P=0.039),IL-6(r=0.525;P=0.044)and LIF(r=−0.548;P=0.035)in the untrained *** This study identified that both age and training status influence the myokine response to an acute bout of BFR-RE with the release of IL-4,IL-6 and LIF in the untrained state being associated with changes in strength per kg of fat free mass.

关键词： Hypertrophy myokine Exercise immunology BFR Aging

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Prediction of the Residual Welding Stress in 2.25Cr-1mo Steel by Taking into Account the Effect of the Solid-State Phase Transformations

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Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第3期26卷 333-339页

作者： dean DENG Yangang TONG Ninshu mA Hidekazu mURAKAWA College of materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of Technology JWRI Osaka University11-1 MihogaokaIbaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan

A computational approach based on the thermal elastic plastic finite element method was developed for predicting welding residual stress in low carbon alloyed steel welds by taking into account the effect of the solid-state phase transformations. The kinetics of phase transformations was described by Johnson mehl Avrami Kolmogrov （JmAK） equation for bainitic transition and by Koistinen-marburger （K-m） relationship for martensitic transition. moreover, an additive rule depending on volumetric phase fraction was adopted to represent the material property changes during heating and cooling. Consequently, the residual welding stresses in a 2.25Cr1mo steel TIG welded plate were computed. Early calculation results suggest that the bainitic and martensitic transformations took place in the weld the heat-affected zone drastically reduce the residual longitudinal tensile stress in the region.

关键词： Computational approach Numerical simulation Phase transformation Welding residual stress

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The influence of chemical composition on models of Type Ia supernovae

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第2期8卷 168-188页

作者： Alan C. Calder Brendan K. Krueger Aaron P. Jackson dean m. Townsley Department of Physics Astronomy The State University of New York - Stony Brook Stony BrookUSA NY 11794 New York Center for Computational Sciences The State University of New York - Stony Brook Stony BrookUSA NY 11794 National Research Council Research Associateship Program and Laboratories for Computational Physics and Fluid Dynamics Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonUSA DC 20375 Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Alabama TuscaloosaUSA AL 35487

Type Ia supernovae are bright stellar explosions distinguished by standardizable light curves that allow for their use as distance indicators for cosmological studies. Despite the highly successful use of these events in this capacity, many fundamental questions remain. Contemporary research inves- tigates how properties of the progenitor system that follow from the host galaxy such as composition and age influence the brightness of an event with the goal of better understanding and assessing the intrinsic scatter in the brightness. We provide an overview of these supernovae and proposed progenitor systems, all of which involve one or more compact stars known as white dwarfs. We describe contemporary research investigating how the composition and structure of the progenitor white dwarf systematically influences the explosion outcome assuming the progenitor is a single white dwarf that has gained mass from a companion. We present results illustrating some of these systematic effects from our research.

关键词： hydrodynamics nuclear reactions nucleosynthesis abundances stars: supernovae:general stars: white dwarfs

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Preparation of porous polyamide 6(PA6)membrane with copper oxide(CuO)nanoparticles selectively localized at the wall of the pores via reactive extrusion

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Nano materials Science 2022年第2期4卷 169-177页

作者： Tianqi Liang Jie Liu Zhaoyang Wei dean Shi Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical materials Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional MaterialsHubei Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan430062PR China

In this study,CuO nanoparticles are pre-modified with styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers(SmAs)of different molecular weights and mAH *** the pre-modified CuO nanoparticles(CuO-SmAs)are added to the PA6/SEBS(Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene copolymer)(40/60 wt/wt)polymer blends with a co-continuous *** SmA3(mAH=8 wt%,m_(n)=250000 g/mol)is used to modify CuO nanoparticles,and the grafting degree of SmA3 on the surface of CuO reaches 2.74 wt%,90.71%of the added mCuO-SmA3 nanoparticles can be located at the interface of PA6 and SEBS.A porous PA6 membrane with CuO nanoparticles located at the pore walls can be obtained after the SEBS phase is etched with *** catalytic reaction velocity constant(k)for the reduction of p-nitrophenol in NaBH_(4)solutions with the PA6/mCuO-SmA3 porous membrane can reach 1.0040 min^(-1).This work provides a feasible and straightforward method for the preparation of porous polymer membranes with functional nanoparticles located at the wall of the pores.

关键词： Co-continuous CuO nanoparticles Selective distribution Porous PA6 membrane Catalytic performance

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magnetoelectric cylindrical layered composite structure with multi-resonance frequencies

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2013年第10期56卷 2572-2575页

作者： BI Ke DONG GuoYan PAN dean ZHOU Ji State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University College of materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

A combined mE composite structure is made of several cylindrical layered composites in series or parallel *** to the cylindrical structure,the combined structure does not need more *** characteristics of multi-resonance frequencies have been *** resonance frequency of the structure can be adjusted by changing the cylinder diameter of the corresponding cylindrical layered *** number of resonance frequencies increases as the number of cylindrical layered composites *** multi-resonance frequencies behavior makes these cylindrical layered composite structures suitable for applications in multifuctional devices with multi-frequencies operation.

关键词： functional composites magnetoelectric multi-resonance frequencies

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