Glutamate transporters, EAAT1 and EAAT2, are potentially important in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia and affective disorders
Glutamate transporters, EAAT1 and EAAT2, are potentially important in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia and affective disorders作者机构：Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health CRC for Mental Health Research Centre for Mental Health the Faculty of Health Arts and Design Swinburne University
出 版 物：《World Journal of Psychiatry》 (世界精神病学杂志)
年 卷 期：2018年第8卷第2期
页 面：51-63页
核心收录：
主 题：Glia Excitatory amino acid transporter Psychiatry Affective disorders Glutamate transporter Glutamate Schizophrenia
摘 要：Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain and it has been shown that prolonged activation of the glutamatergic system leads to nerve damage and cell death. Following release from the pre-synaptic neuron and synaptic transmission, glutamate is either taken up into the presynaptic neuron or neighbouring glia by transmembrane glutamate transporters. Excitatory amino acid transporter(EAAT) 1 and EAAT2 are Na+-dependant glutamate transporters expressed predominantly in glia cells of the central nervous system. As the most abundant glutamate transporters, their primary role is to modulate levels of glutamatergic excitability and prevent spill over of glutamate beyond the synapse. This role is facilitated through the binding and transportation of glutamate into astrocytes and microglia. The function of EAAT1 and EAAT2 is heavily regulated at the levels of gene expression, post-transcriptional splicing, glycosylation states and cell-surface trafficking of the protein. Both glutamatergic dysfunction and glial dysfunction have been proposed to be involved in psychiatric disorder. This review will present an overview of the roles that EAAT1 and EAAT2 play in modulating glutamatergic activity in the human brain, and mount an argument that these two transporters could be involved in the aetiologies of schizophrenia and affective disorders as well as represent potential drug targets for novel therapies for those disorders.
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