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Extramural vascular invasion and response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: influence of the CpG island methylator phenotype

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第5期9卷 209-217页

作者： Jeremy Stuart Williamson Huw Geraint Jones Namor Williams Anthony Paul Griffiths Gareth Jenkins John Beynon dean Anthony harris Department of General and Colorectal Surgery Singleton Hospital Department of Pathology Singleton Hospital Department of Life Sciences Swansea University

To identify whether CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) and outcomes in rectal cancer. METHODSPatients undergoing NACRT and surgical resection for rectal cancer in a tertiary referral centre between 2002-2011 were identified. Pre-treatment tumour biopsies were analysed for CIMP status (high, intermediate or low) using methylation specific PCR. KRAS and BRAF status were also determined using pyrosequencing analysis. Clinical information was extracted from case records and cancer services databases. Response to radiotherapy was measured by tumour regression scores determined upon histological examination of the resected specimen. The relationship between these molecular features, response to NACRT and oncological outcomes were analysed. RESULTSThere were 160 patients analysed with a median follow-up time of 46.4 mo. Twenty-one (13%) patients demonstrated high levels of CIMP methylation (CIMP-H) and this was significantly associated with increased risk of extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) compared with CIMP-L [8/21 (38%) vs 15/99 (15%), P = 0.028]. CIMP status was not related to tumour regression after radiotherapy or survival, however EMVI was significantly associated with adverse survival (P < 0.001). Intermediate CIMP status was significantly associated with KRAS mutation (P = 0.01). There were 14 (9%) patients with a pathological complete response (pCR) compared to 116 (73%) patients having no or minimal regression after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Those patients with pCR had median survival of 106 mo compared to 65.8 mo with minimal regression, although this was not statistically significant (P = 0.26). Binary logistic regression analysis of the relationship between EMVI and other prognostic features revealed, EMVI positivity was associated with poor overall survival, advanced “T” stage and CIMP-H but not nodal status, age, sex, KRAS mutation status and presence of local or systemic recurre

关键词： Rectal cancer CpG islands Methylation

Remission endpoints in ulcerative colitis: A systematic review

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2017年第4期5卷 85-102页

作者： Maki Jitsumura Rory Frederick Kokelaar dean Anthony harris Colorectal Department Singleton Hospital Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board

AIM To summarize the current consensus on the defnition of remission and the endpoints employed in clinical *** bibliogragraphic search was performed from 1946 to 2016 sing online databases （National Library of Medicine’s PubMed Central Medline, OVID SP MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Conference Abstracts） with key words：（“ulcerative colitis”） AND （“ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity” OR “UCEIS”） AND （“remission”） as well as （“ulcerative colitis”） AND （“ulcerative colitis disease activity index”） OR “UCDAI” OR “UC disease activity index” OR “Sutherland index”） AND （“remission”）.RESULTSThe search returned 37 and 116 articles for the UCEIS and UCDAI respectively. For the UCEIS, 12 articles were cited in the final analysis of which 9 validation studies have been identified. Despite the UCEIS has been more extensively validated in all three aspects （validity, responsiveness and reliability）, it has been little employed to monitor disease in randomised clinical trials. For the UCDAI, 37 articles were consider-ed for the final analysis. Although the UCDAI is only partially validated, 29 randomised clinical trials were acknowledged to use the UCDAI to determine endpoints and disease remission, though no clear protocol was *** the UCEIS has been more widely validated than the UCDAI, it has not been refected in the moni-toring of disease activity in clinical trials. Conversely, the UCDAI has been used in numerous large clinical trials to defne their endpoints and disease remission, however, it is challenging to determine the best possible outcomes due to a lack of homogeneity of the clinical trial protocols. Before determining a gold standard index, international agreement on remission is urgently needed to advance patient care.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Remission Ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity Ulcerative disease activity index

A Longitudinal Study of Human Exposure to Potential Nuclear Power Plant Risk

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第4期6卷 399-414页

作者： dean Kyne Jason T.harris Department of Sociology and Anthropology The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Health Sciences Purdue University

This study constructs a potential risk index(PRI) for the 65 U.S.-based commercial nuclear power plant(NPP) sites in relation to their surrounding populations. Four risk levels are defined: low risk, moderate risk,high risk, and very high risk. Discrepancies that exist in the sociodemographic characteristics of the host communities’ populations are examined as sorted by risk-level *** is found that a greater percentage of minority groups are exposed to the highest levels of risk. In addition, percent 'Hispanic' and percent 'Other,'a grouping that includes multiracial, mixed, interracial, as well as Hispanic and Latino groups(for example, Mexican, Puerto Rican,Cuban, or Spanish) are categories that show the greatest percent change in both the period 1990–2000 and2000–2010.

关键词： Environmental justice Nuclear power induced disaster Nuclear power plant Potential risk index

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Peanut Skin Extracts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 22-32页

作者： Wanida E. Lewis Gabriel K. harris Timothy H. Sanders Brittany L. White Lisa L. dean Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Market Quality and Handling Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Raleigh USA Market Quality and Handling Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Raleigh USA.

Peanut skins are regarded as a low economic value by-product of the peanut industry;however, they contain high levels of bioactive compounds including catechins and procyanidins, which are known for their health-promoting properties. The in vitro antioxidant activity of peanut skin extracts (PSE) has been reported but the associated anti-inflammatory properties have not been widely examined. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of PSE on the pro-inflammatory enzyme, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, on its downstream product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and on nitrous oxide (NO) levels. Defatted peanut skins were extracted using two aqueous solvent mixtures (50% acetone and 90% ethanol), in order to compare the effects of the two solvent systems on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. PSE antioxidant activity was determined by the hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) assay, while total phenolics were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and flavan-3-ols and procyanidins were quantified by HPLC. Acetone extracted PSE (A-PSE) exhibited numerically, but not statistically higher H-ORAC and total phenolic values than the ethanol extracted PSE (E-PSE) (1836 μmol Trolox/100 g and 67.9 mg GAE/g, and 1830 μmol Trolox/100 g and 51.8 GAE/g respectively). A-PSE also had higher levels of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins than E-PSE. RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% (v/v) of A-PSE or E-PSE and induced with the inflammatory marker, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 hours. COX-2 protein expression, measured by Western blotting was significantly (p 2 and NO levels measured by ELISA, were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with increasing added levels of A-PSE and E-PSE suggesting that A-PSE and E-PSE not also possess similar antioxidant properties, but also exhibit similar anti-inflammatory effects.

关键词： Peanut Skins Antioxidants Anti-Inflammatory Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Nitric Oxide (NO) Procyanidins

Battery Train Fire Risk on a Steel Warehouse Structure

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Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research 2021年第3期4卷 9-19页

作者： Jasmine Mira Nicole Braxtan Shen-En Chen Tiefu Zhao Lynn harris Dave Cook Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Deutsche Bahn Engineering RaleighNC 27601USA Rail Propulsion Systems FullertonCA 92831USA

Lithium ion battery fire hazard has been well-documented in a variety of ***,battery train technology has been introduced as a clean energy concept for *** the case of heavy locomotives such as trains,the massive collection of battery stacks required to meet energy demands may pose a significant *** objective of this paper is to review the risk evaluation processes for train fires and investigate the propagation of lithium ion battery fire to a neighboring steel warehouse structure at a rail repair shop through a case *** methodology of the analyses conducted include a Monte Carlo-based dynamic modeling of fire propagation potentials,an expert-based fire impact analysis,and a finite element(FE)nonlinear fire analysis on the structural *** case study is presented as a demonstration of a holistic fire risk analysis for the lithium ion battery fire and results indicate that significant battery fire mitigations strategies should be considered.

关键词： Lithium ion battery Train fire Propagation Structural safety