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Biochar and sugar cane filter cake interaction on physical and hydrological soil properties under tropical field conditions

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Biochar 2020年第2期2卷 195-210页

作者： Sara de Jesus Duarte Bruno Glaser Blanca Lucia Prado Pano Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri Soil and Plant Nutrition Luiz de Queiroz College of AgricultureUniversity of São PauloAvenida Pádua Dias11-AgronomiaPiracicabaSP 13418-900Brazil Soil Biogeochemistry Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergVon-Seckendorff-Platz 306120 HalleGermany Instituto de Geología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxicoD.F.Mexico

Biochar is known for its effects on carbon sequestration and soil ***,there is a lack of information about its effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties for tropical *** assessed the effects of biochar(BC)plus sugar cane filter cake(FC)rate,and time of interaction on soil physical and hydraulic properties under humid tropical *** this purpose,a field experiment was installed at a loamy sandy soil with five treatments and four replicates:control(only soil),25 Mg ha^(−1) sugar cane filter cake,and 25 Mg ha^(−1) sugar cane filter cake plus 6.25,12.5,and 25 Mg ha^(−1) Miscanthus biochar,respectively,two soil depths(0-10 and 10-20 cm)and two times of interaction(9 and 18 months).Physical prop-erties(aggregate stability,bulk density,total porosity,pores size distribution)and hydraulic properties(soil water holding capacity,hydraulic conductivity,plant-available water holding capacity)were measured after nine and eighteen *** bulk density decreased slightly,and the porosity increased after nine months,for the biochar plus sugar cane filter cake(both 25 Mg ha^(−1)).After 18 months,biochar plus filter cake interaction increase micropores,aggregate stability,and plant-available water *** hydraulic conductivity was not influenced by sugar cane filter ***,biochar significantly reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity when combined with sugar cane filter cake after 18 *** concluded that sugar cane filter cake in combination with biochar modified the pore size distribution,slightly increased plant-available water holding capacity,and significantly decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity.

关键词： water retention Hydraulic conductivity Miscanthus biochar Soil physics

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Genomic variation,environmental adaptation,and feralization in ramie,an ancient fiber crop

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Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 189-207页

作者： Zeng-Yuan wu Mark A.Chapman Jie Liu Richard I.Milne Ying Zhao Ya-Huang Luo Guang-Fu Zhu Marc w.Cadotte Ming-Bao Luan Peng-Zhen Fan Alex K.Monro Zhi-Peng Li Richard T.Corlett de-Zhu Li Germplasm Bank of wild Species&Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop wild Relatives Omics Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China School of Biological Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JHUK department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto-ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaHunan 410205China Royal Botanic Gardens Kew RichmondSurrey TW93AEUK Center for Integrative Conservation and Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunYunnan 666303China

Feralization is an important evolutionary process,but the mechanisms behind it remain poorly ***,we use the ancient fiber crop ramie(Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaudich.)as a model to investigate genomic changes associated with both domestication and *** first produced a chromosome-scale de novo genome assembly of feral ramie and investigated structural variations between feral and domesticated ramie ***,we gathered 915 accessions from 23 countries,comprising cultivars,major landraces,feral populations,and the wild *** on whole-genome resequencing of these accessions,we constructed the most comprehensive ramie genomic variation map to ***,demographic,and admixture signal detection analyses indicated that feral ramie is of exoferal or exo-endo origin,i.e.,descended from hybridization between domesticated ramie and the wild progenitor or ancient *** ramie has higher genetic diversity than wild or domesticated ramie,and genomic regions affected by natural selection during feralization differ from those under selection during *** analyses showed that feral and domesticated ramie have similar ecological niches that differ substantially from the niche of the wild progenitor,and three environmental variables are associated with habitat-specific adaptation in feral *** findings advance our understanding of feralization,providing a scientific basis for the excavation of new crop germplasm resources and offering novel insights into the evolution of feralization in nature.

关键词： ramie fiber offering

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Using image-based modelling(SfM–MVS)to produce a 1935 ortho-mosaic of the Ethiopian highlands

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第5期8卷 421-430页

作者： Amaury Frankl Valérie Seghers Cornelis Stal Philippe de Maeyer Gordon Petrie Jan Nyssen department of Geography Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium School of Geographical&Earth Sciences University of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK

Approximately 34,000 aerial photographs covering large parts of Ethiopia and dating back to 1935–1941 have been recently *** allow investigating environmental dynamics for a past period that until now is only accessible from terrestrial photographs or *** the archive consists of both oblique and vertical aerial photographs that cover rather small areas,methods of image-based modelling were used to orthorectify the *** this study,9 vertical and 18 low oblique aerial photographs were processed as an ortho-mosaic,covering an area of 25 km2,west of wukro town in northern *** 15 control points(derived from Google Earth),a Root Means Square Error of 28.5 m in X 35.4 m in Y were *** values can be viewed as optimal,given the relatively low resolution and poor quality of the imagery,the lack of metadata,the geometric quality of the Google Earth imagery and the recording *** use remained largely similar since 1936,with large parts of the land being used as cropland or extensive grazing *** remarkable changes are the strong expansion of the settlements as well as land management *** a larger effort,ortho-mosaics covering large parts of Ethiopia in 1935–1941 will be produced.

关键词： land use oblique aerial photograph ortho-mosaic PhotoScan Structure from Motion-MultiView Stereo

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Magnetoelastic Anisotropy of FeSiB Glass-Coated Amorphous Microwires

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第1期30卷 184-186页

作者： LIU Kai-Huang LU Zhi-Chao LIU Tian-Cheng LI de-Ren China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group Advanced Technology and Materials Co.Ltd.Beijing 100081

The magnetoelastic anisotropy of Fe77.5Si7.5B15 glass-coated amorphous microwires is investigated by the law of approach to saturation magnetization in comparison with the ferromagnetic resonance *** anisotropy field of the inner core determined by the former method is 7.6×10^(4) A/m,which is larger than the value 2.5×10^(4) A/m measured by the ferromagnetic resonance *** difference is ascribed to the skin effect and the uneven distribution of the internal ***,the anisotropy field of the outer shell has a negative value indicating that it has an easy basal plane.

关键词： technique. anisotropy value

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Systemic IL-1β production as a consequence of corneal HSV-1 infection-contribution to the development of herpes simplex keratitis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第9期12卷 1493-1497页

作者： Joan NíGabhann-Dromgoole Ciaran de Chaumont David Shahnazaryan Siobhán Smith Conor Malone Jaythoon Hassan Cillian F.de Gascun Caroline A.Jefferies Conor C.Murphy Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RSCI Research Institute Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin 2Ireland department of Ophthalmology Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin 2Ireland department of Ophthalmology Royal Victoria Eye and Ear HospitalDublin 2Ireland National Virus Reference Laboratory University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland department of Medicine Division of Rheumatology and Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars-Sinai Medical CentreLos AngelesCA 90048USA

This study sought to identify potential therapeutic targets in herpes simplex keratitis(HSK) patients with active and inactive infection by investigating peripheral cytokine production. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and serum were prepared from healthy controls and HSK patients during active infection or following treatment(inactive infection). Serum antibody titres were determined by ELISA. Protein expression levels were analysed by western blot. Cytokine levels were determined by multiplex ELISA. Active corneal herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) infection resulted in significantly elevated peripheral levels of IL-1β in HSK patients compared to healthy controls, and remained significantly increased following treatment. Elevated production of IL-1β in inactive patients was associated with significantly increased levels of IRF3 and STAT1, key proteins involved in promoting anti-viral immune responses. Our data suggest that inflammation persists beyond the period that it is clinically evident and that enhanced peripheral production of IL-1β may have implications for HSV-1 viral clearance in active and inactive HSK patients.

关键词： herpes simplex virus type 1 herpes simplex keratitis inflammation peripheral immune response pathogenesis

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Comprehensive and fully self-consistent modeling of modern semiconductor lasers

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Journal of Semiconductors 2016年第2期37卷 45-56页

作者： w.Nakwaski R.P.Sarza?a Photonics Group Institute of Physics Lodz University of Technology

The fully self-consistent model of modern semiconductor lasers used to design their advanced structures and to understand more deeply their properties is given in the present paper. Operation of semiconductor lasers de- pends not only on many optical, electrical, thermal, recombination, and sometimes mechanical phenomena taking place within their volumes but also on numerous mutual interactions between these phenomena. Their experimental investigation is quite complex, mostly because of miniature device sizes. Therefore, the most convenient and exact method to analyze expected laser operation and to determine laser optimal structures for various applications is to examine the details of their performance with the aid of a simulation of laser operation in various considered condi- tions. Such a simulation of an operation of semiconductor lasers is presented in this paper in a full complexity of all mutual interactions between the above individual physical processes. In particular, the hole-buming effect has been discussed. The impacts on laser performance introduced by oxide apertures （their sizes and localization） have been analyzed in detail. Also, some important details concerning the operation of various types of semiconductor lasers are discussed. The results of some applications of semiconductor lasers are shown for successive laser structures.

关键词： semiconductor lasers simulation model EEL VCSEL VECSEL DBF QCL

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^(236)U灵敏度的AMS测量

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原子能科学技术 2010年第1期44卷 70-74页

作者：管永精 Filippo Terrasi Mario de Cesare department of Environmental Sciences Ⅱ University of Naples 广西大学物理科学与工程技术学院广西南宁530004

长寿命放射性核素236U的半衰期为2.34×107a,主要来源是235U的中子俘获反应。加速器质谱法是目前测量236U灵敏度最高的方法。本工作利用意大利那不勒斯第二大学同位素研究环境与文化遗产中心的AMS装置测量236U的灵敏度,并分析了加速器... 详细信息

长寿命放射性核素236U的半衰期为2.34×107a,主要来源是235U的中子俘获反应。加速器质谱法是目前测量236U灵敏度最高的方法。本工作利用意大利那不勒斯第二大学同位素研究环境与文化遗产中心的AMS装置测量236U的灵敏度,并分析了加速器质谱测量236U时本底的可能来源。初步结果表明,236U的灵敏度(236U/238U原子比)为(2.29±0.13)×10-10。

关键词：加速器质谱 236U 同位素灵敏度

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Biochar insights from laboratory incubations monitoring O_(2) consumption and CO_(2) production

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Biochar 2019年第3期1卷 249-258页

作者： Risely Ferraz Almeida Kurt A.Spokas Daniel de Bortoli Teixeira Newton La Scala Junior University of Sao Paulo-USP PiracicabaBrazil United States department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service St.PaulMNUSA University of Marília-Unimar MaríliaBrazil Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP JaboticabalBrazil

Biochar has been touted as a long-term carbon sequestration ***,there are no studies evaluating biochar’s effect on oxygen(O_(2))consumption as a measure of the microbial respiration response to *** gain insight into this aspect,we evaluated O_(2) consumption rates to test the hypothesis that biochar is an efficient agent for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration in *** different biochar types and one activated charcoal were incubated alone and associated with three different soils for approximately 2 months in laboratory *** concentration of CO_(2) and O_(2) was periodically *** data presented here confirm that the CO_(2) production following biochar’s addition to soils results in a process that is correlated to oxygen ***,this overall stimulation is not clearly related to biochar *** carbon resulted in the highest statistically significant stimulation of activity,despite it possessing the lowest quantity of volatile carbon and mineral nutrient *** into consideration our results,we conclude that using biochar does achieve total carbon ***,the amount of available soil organic carbon following soil incorporation appears to be reduced following biochar addition and its long-term implication on this mineralizable soil organic carbon pool does deserve more research attention.

关键词： Biochar activation Charcoal CO_(2)sequestration CO_(2)sorption

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Irritable bowel syndrome and food interaction

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8837-8845页

作者： Rosario Cuomo Paolo reozzi Francesco Paolo Zito Valentina Passananti Giovanni de Carlo Giovanni Sarnelli department Of Clinical Medicine and Surgery Federico Ⅱ University Hospital School of Medicine

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in western countries. despite the high prevalence of this disorders, the therapeutic management of these patients is often unsatisfactory. A number of factors have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS, including impaired motility and sensitivity, increased permeability, changes in the gut microbiome and alterations in the brain-gut axis. Also food seems to play a critical role: the most of IBS patients report the onset or the exacerbation of their symptoms after the meals. Recently, an increasing attention has been paid to the role of food in IBS. In this review we summarize the most recent evidences about the role of diet on IBS symptoms. A diet restricted in fermentable, poorly absorbed carbohydrates and sugar alcohols has beneficial effects on IBS symptoms. More studies are needed to improve our knowledge about the relationship between food and IBS. However, in the foreseeable future, dietary strategies will represent one of the key tools in the therapeutic management of patients with IBS.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Fermentable,poorly absorbed carbohydrates and sugar alcohols Gut microbiota Food intolerance Gluten

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Study on Transnational Business Operation Strategy of China Xinhua News Network

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2012年第5期8卷 695-701页

作者： Xiong de wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China

The paper firstly discussed the strategic implication of the establishment of China Xinhua News Network Co. Ltd. （referred to as CNC in the paper）. Then, the paper explored the opportunity and threat in the CNC＇s competitive environment, and evaluated the news TV competitiveness of CNC compared with world main news network media based on delphi method. Based on the strategic management framework of SwOT （strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat）, the paper proposed the developmental strategies of transnational business operation for CNC from the following three area： further expand the coverage and the number of countries entered by CNC, enhance brand effects across the world, and build more new technology experience in the world.

关键词： China Xinhua News Network Co. Ltd. [CNC] transnational business operation SwOT (strength weakness opportunity and threat)

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