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A portfolio approach to managing ecological risks of global change

Ecosystem health and Sustainability 2017年第2期3卷 1-16页

作者： Gregory h.Aplet peter S.McKinley The Wilderness Society 1660 Wynkoop StreetSuite 850DenverColorado 80202 USA The Wilderness Society 9 Union StreetSecond FloorHallowellMaine 04347 USA

The stressors of global environmental change make it impossible over the long term for natural systems to maintain their historical ***’s new objective must be to maintain the building blocks of future systems(e.g.,species,genes,soil types,and landforms)as they continuously *** of the certainty of change,some biologists and managers question continued use of retrospective conservation strategies(e.g.,reserves and restoration)informed by the historical range of *** strategies that manage toward anticipated conditions have joined the conservation toolbox alongside retrospective *** argue that high uncertainty around the rates and trajectories of climate and ecological change dictate the need to spread ecological risk using prospective and retrospective strategies across conservation networks in a systematic and adaptively managed *** term this a portfolio approach drawing comparisons to financial portfolio risk management as a means to maximize conservation benefit and *** with a financial portfolio,the portfolio approach requires that management allocations receive minimum temporal commitments to realize longer-term *** approach requires segregation of the strategies into three landscape zones to avoid counterproductive *** zones will be managed to(1)observe change,(2)resist change,and(3)facilitate *** offer guidelines for zone allocation based on ecological *** zones should follow principles of conservation design traditionally applied to *** to financial portfolios,zone performance is monitored to facilitate learning and potential reallocation for long-term net minimization of risk to the building blocks of future ecosystems.

关键词： adaptive management biodiversity connectivity global change gradients portfolio reserve restoration risk spreading transformation

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Growth factor receptors and related signalling pathways as targets for novel treatment strategies of hepatocellular cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第1期14卷 1-14页

作者： Michael hpfner Detlef Schuppan hans Scherübl Institute of physiology Charité-Universittsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin 12200 Germany Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02215 United States Klinik für Innere Medizin Gastroenterologie und Gastrointestinale Onkologie Klinikum am Urban Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit Berlin 10967 Germany

Growth factors and their corresponding receptors are commonly overexpressed and/or dysregulated in many cancers including hepatocellular cancer （hCC）. Clinical trials indicate that growth factor receptors and their related signalling pathways play important roles in hCC cancer etiology and progression, thus providing rational targets for innovative cancer therapies. A number of strategies including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors （＂small molecule inhibitors＂） and antisense oligonucleotides have already been evaluated for their potency to inhibit the activity and downstream signalling cascades of these receptors in hCC. First clinical trials have also shown that multi-kinase inhibition is an effective novel treatment strategy in hCC. In this respect sorafenib, an inhibitor of Raf-, VEGF- and pDGF-signalling, is the first multi-kinase inhibitor that has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced hCC. Moreover, the serine-threonine kinase of mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） upon which the signalling of several growth factor receptors converge plays a central role in cancer cell proliferation, roTOR inhibition of hCC is currently also being studied in preclinical trials. As hCCs represent hypervascularized neoplasms, inhibition of tumour vessel formation via interfering with the VEGF/VEGFR system is another promising approach in hCC treatment. This review will summarize the current status of the various growth factor receptor-based treatment strategies and in view of the multitude of novel targeted approaches, the rationale for combination therapies for advanced hCC treatment will also be taken into account.

关键词： Growth factor receptor hepatocellular cancer Small molecule inhibitor Monoclonal antibody Innovative cancer treatment Sorafenib Bevacizumab Erlotinib

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heat transfer analysis of bi-viscous ciliary motion fluid

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2015年第2期8卷 219-231页

作者： Noreen Sher Akbar Z. h. Khan DBS h CEMENational University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of MalakandChakdara Dir. (Lower) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

The impulsion system of cilia motion is deliberated by biviscosity fluid model. The problem of two-dimensional motion of biviscosity fluid privileged in a symmetric channel with ciliated walls is considered. The features of ciliary structures are resolute by the supremacy of viscous effects above inertial possessions by the long-wavelength and low Reynolds approximation. Closed-form solutions for the longitudinal pressure gradient, temperature and velocities are obtained. The pressure gradient and volume flow rate for different values of the biviscosity are also premeditated. The flow possessions for the biviscosity fluid resolute as a function of the cilia and metachronal wave velocity.

关键词： Ciliary motion symmetric channel biviscosity fluid heat transfer exact solutions.

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Do mantle plumes exist？

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Episodes 2006年第3期29卷 162-168页

作者： Ian h. Campbell Geoffrey F. Davies Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

The physics of low Reynolds number plumes is well understood, which allows a number of testable predictions to be made about mantle plumes. They are predicted to originate from the core-mantle boundary and consist of a large head followed by a narrower tail. Millions of cubic kilometers of magma can be produced from a plume head. Rifting over a previously-emplaced plume head should produce a narrow zone of thickened oceanic crust along the rift margin. Initial eruption from a plume head should be preceded by -1,000 m of domal uplift. picrites are expected to dominate the first eruptive products of a new plume and should be concentrated near the centre of the volcanic province. All of these predictions are confirmed by observations, and so provide strong support for the validity of the mantle plume hypothesis.

关键词：地幔热流柱数值模型俯冲作用深部构造

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Linearly polarized Millimeter Wave Reflectarray with Mutual Coupling Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2397-2410页

作者： M.Inam M.h.Dahri M.R.Kamarudin A.Y.I.Ashyap M.h.Jamaluddin N.h.Sulaiman M.A.Khan Z.A.Shamsan K.Almuhanna F.Alorifi Centre for Telecommunication Research&Innovation(CETRI) Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka(UTeM)Melaka76100Malaysia Dawood University of Engineering and Technology Karachi City Sindh74800Pakistan Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaBatu Pahat86400JohorMalaysia Wireless Communication Centre Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor Bahru81301Malaysia Faculty of Computing and Engineering Quest International UniversityIpoh30250PerakMalaysia Balochistan University of Information Technology(FICT) Engineering and Management SciencesQuettaPakistan Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

This work provides the design and analysis of a single layer,linearly polarized millimeter wave reflectarray antenna with mutual coupling *** analysis was carried out at 26Ghz design frequency using the simulations of the reflectarray unit cells as well as the periodic reflectarray *** simulated results were verified by the scattering parameter and far-fieldmeasurements of the unit cell and periodic arrays,*** agreement between the simulated and measured results was observed in all the *** from the unit cells and reflectarray,the waveguide and horn antenna were also fabricated to be used in the *** measured scattering parameter results of the proposed circular ring unit cells provided a maximum reflection loss of 2.8 dB with phase errors below 10°.On the other hand,the measured far-field results of the 20×20 reflectarray antenna provided a maximum gain of 26.45 dB with a maximum 3 dB beam width of 12°and 1 dB gain drop bandwidth of 13.1%.The performance demonstrated by the proposed reflectarray antenna makes it a potential candidate to be used in modern-day applications such as 5th Generation(5G)and 6th Generation(6G)communication systems.

关键词： Reflectarray millimeter wave antenna mutual coupling antenna measurements

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Scale effect of planck's law over nonisothermal blackbody surface

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 1999年第6期42卷 652-656页

作者：李小文王锦地 A. h. Strahler Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS Beijing Normal University Department of Geography and Center for Remote Sensing

Many physical laws, principles, models, measurement methods, etc., are applicable only to either a point on surface or a homogeneous surface. however, remote sensing deals with pixels which may range from meters to kilometers. Therefore scale effects of these laws and measurements are inevitable problems which must be faced. As an example, the spatial scale effect of planck Law over nonisothermal blackbody surface is considered.

关键词： scale effect planck’s law reciprocity.

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Advanced Computational Methods of Rapid and Rigorous 3-D Inversion of Airborne Electromagnetic Data

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Communications in Computational physics 2008年第1期3卷 160-179页

作者： Leif h.Cox Michael S.Zhdanov Department of Geophysical Engineering Montana Tech of the University of Montana1300W Park StreetButteMT 59701-8997USA Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Utah135 S.1460 E.Rm 719Salt Lake CityUT 84112USA.

We develop a new computational method for modeling and inverting frequency domain airborne electromagnetic(EM)*** method is based on the contraction integral equation method for forward EM modeling and on inversion using the localized quasi-linear(LQL)approximation followed by the rigorous inversion,if *** LQL inversion serves to provide a fast image of the *** results are checked by a rigorous update of the domain electric field,allowing a more accurate calculation of the predicted *** the accuracy is poorer than desired,rigorous inversion follows,using the resulting conductivity distribution and electric field from LQL as a starting *** rigorous inversion iteratively solves the field and domain equations,converting the non-linear inversion into a series of linear *** test this method on synthetic and field *** results of the inversion are very encouraging with respect to both the speed and the accuracy of the algorithm,showing this is a useful tool for airborne EM interpretation.

关键词： Computational geophysics airborne electromagnetics inversion 3-D LQL rigorous

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Mangrove derived fungal endophytes–a chemical and biological perception

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第4期61卷 1-27页

作者： Abdessamad Debbab Amal h.Aly peter proksch heinrich-heine-Universität Düsseldorf Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und BiotechnologieUniversitätsstr.1Geb.26.2340225 DüsseldorfGermany

The potential of mangrove-derived endophytic fungi as a promising source of diverse and structurally unprecedented bioactive natural products is unquestionable and continues to attract considerable *** review highlights new bioactive mangrove fungal metabolites and known compounds with hitherto unreported biological activities described during the last 10 *** compounds are categorized according to their reported biological activities,including cytotoxic,anti-infective,in addition to a wide range of miscellaneous activities such as protein kinase,αglucosidase,acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities,as well as antiangiogenic and neovascularisation effects,radical scavenging,DNA-binding affinity,and calcium and potassium channel blocking activity.

关键词： Fungi Endophytes Mangroves Bioactive natural products

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Iterative algorithm for parabolic and hyperbolic pDEs with nonlocal boundary conditions

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2018年第4期3卷 316-324页

作者： N.A.Al-Zaid h.O.Bakodah Department of Mathematics King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

In this paper,we are concerned with the numerical solutions for the parabolic and hyperbolic partial differential equations with nonlocal boundary ***,we presented a new iterative algorithm based on the Restarted Adomian Decomposition Method(RADM)for solving the two equations of different types involving dissimilar boundary and nonlocal *** algorithm presented transforms the given nonlocal initial boundary value problem to a local Dirichlet one and then employs the RADM for the numerical *** comparisons were made between our proposed method and the Adomian Decomposition Method(ADM)to demonstrate the efficiency and performance of the proposed method.

关键词： Adomian Decomposition Method Restarted method parabolic and hyperbolic pDEs Nonlocal boundary conditions.

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Novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and COVID19 disease;a systemic review on the global pandemic

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Genes & Diseases 2020年第4期7卷 491-501页

作者： Abdulmohsen h.Al-Rohaimi Faisal Al Otaibi College of pharmacy University of ShaqraAl DawadmiSaudi Arabia Clinical pharmacology William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonCharterhouse SquareLondonEC1M6BQUK

Since the beginning of the 21st century,several viral outbreaks have threatened humankind and posed a new challenge to the modern healthcare *** recent outbreak in Wuhan(December 2019),China,represents a beta coronavirus classified as novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2(SARS-CoV-2)which belongs to the Coronaviridae *** SARS-CoV-2 represents a significant similarity with previous coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV in 2002,China and MERS-CoV in 2015,Middle ***,preliminary research investigations have shown the novel SARS-CoV-2 evolved with several mutations and developed the capacity to cross the species,i.e.,animal to *** initial findings have shown that spike proteins are vital molecules target hACE2 receptor for its attachment and entry into *** successful entry virus primarily focuses on respiratory airway cell lines and triggers a massive immune response leading to mucus *** severe conditions,the virus is capable of forcing viral pneumonia leading to the collapse of the respiratory system,i.e.,*** far,there is a lack of immunity against the virus in *** the same in the absence of therapeutic interventions,many countries experienced high mortality,such as the United States,European countries,i.e.,Italy,Spain,France,and the United *** vaccine development is underway and experiencing challenges,as many reports demonstrated genetic variations in viral genome and proteins as *** present study provides a complete comprehensive overview of the novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak,human transmission,and global spread.

关键词： Centre for disease prevention and control COVID19 Diagnosis pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics Vaccines World health Organization

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