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simulation of the sMILE soft X-ray Imager response to a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 39-46页

作者： Andrey samsonov Graziella Branduardi-Raymont steven sembay Andrew Read david sibeck Lutz Rastaetter Mullard space science Laboratory University College LondonDorking RH56NTUK Leicester University Leicester LE17RHUK Goddard space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMD 20771USA

The solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(sMILE)soft X-ray Imager(sXI)will shine a spotlight on magnetopause dynamics during magnetic *** simulate an event with a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning and produce sXI count maps with a 5-minute integration *** making assumptions about the magnetopause shape,we find the magnetopause standoff distance from the count maps and compare it with the one obtained directly from the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)*** root mean square deviations between the reconstructed and MHD standoff distances do not exceed 0.2 RE(Earth radius)and the maximal difference equals 0.24 RE during the 25-minute interval around the southward turning.

关键词： magnetopause magnetic reconnection solar wind charge exchange southward interplanetary magnetic field numerical modeling solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(sMILE) soft X-ray Imager

Finding the magnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and a statistical inverse method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： Gonzalo Cucho-Padin Hyunju Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian Walsh david G.sibeck space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Department of Physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA Geospace Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA Center for space Physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and shape of the dayside magnetopause is attributed to magnetic reconnection,a fundamental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and momentum from the solar wind into the *** spatial and temporal properties of the magnetopause,under varying solar and magnetospheric conditions,remain largely unknown because empirical studies using in-situ observations are challenging to *** wide field-of-view(FOV)imaging is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial distribution of the plasma properties over the vast dayside magnetospheric region and,subsequently,quantify the energy transport from the interplanetary medium into the terrestrial *** upcoming missions,EsA/CAs sMILE and NAsA’s LEXI will provide wide-field imagery of the dayside magnetosheath in soft X-rays,an emission generated by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind origin and exospheric neutral ***-cadence two-dimensional observations of the magnetosheath will allow the estimation of dynamic properties of its inner boundary,the magnetopause,and enable studies of its response to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field *** work introduces a statistically-based estimation approach based on inverse theory to estimate the spatial distribution of magnetosheath soft X-ray emissivities and,with this,identify the location of the magnetopause over the sun−Earth *** do so,we simulate the magnetosheath structure using the MHD-based OpenGGCM model and generate synthetic soft X-ray images using LEXI’s orbit and attitude *** results show that 3-D estimations using the described statistically-based technique are robust against Poisson-distributed shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed methodology shows that the accuracy of both three-dimensional(3-D)estimation and the magnetopause standoff distance calculation hi

关键词： magnetopause soft X-ray tomography

Efficiency improvement by using metal–insulator‑semiconductor structure in InGaN/GaN micro‑light‑emitting diodes

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第1期17卷 77-84页

作者： Jian Yin david Hwang Hossein Zamani siboni Ehsanollah Fathi Reza Chaji Dayan Ban Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Waterloo Institute NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Vuereal InC. 440 Philip StreetUnit 100WaterlooON N2L 5R9Canada

InGaN/GaN micro-light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)with a metal–insulator-semiconductor(MIs)structure on the sidewall are proposed to improve *** this MIs structure,a sidewall electrode is deposited on the insulating layer-coated sidewall of the device mesa between a cathode on the bottom and an anode on the ***(EL)measurements of fabricated devices with a mesa diameter of 10μm show that the application of negative biases on the sidewall electrode can increase the device external quantum efficiency(EQE).In contrast,the application of positive biases can decrease the *** band structure analysis reveals that the EQE is impacted because the application of sidewall electric fields manipulates the local surface electron density along the mesa sidewall and thus controls surface shockley–Read–Hall(sRH)*** suggested strategies,reducing insulator layer thickness and exploring alternative materials,can be implemented to further improve the EQE of MIs micro-LEDs in future fabrication.

关键词： Micro-LED GaN EQE improvement Micro-fabrication

The Importance of setting Treatment Goals for Cardiovascular Diseases

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 10-15页

作者： david s. schade Bramara Nagamallika Godasi Teodor Duro Robert Philip Eaton University of New Mexico Health sciences Albuquerque USA

Background: Guidelines are issued by most major organizations that focus on a specific disease entity. Guidelines should be a significant help to the practicing physician who may not be up-to-date with the recent medical literature. Unfortunately, when conflicting guidelines for a specific disease are published, confusion results. Purpose: This article provides a suggested guideline outcome measure that would benefit the physician and patient. Methods: A review of 19 different guidelines for cardiovascular disease treatment is one example of the lack of specific outcomes that currently exist. The basic problem with most guidelines is that they do not state the expected end result (i.e., the benefit to the patient) if that guideline is followed. When guidelines use cardiovascular disease risk factors to dictate therapy, the end benefit is never stated so that the patient can make an appropriate choice of which (if any) guideline to follow. Results: A good example is guidelines published by the American Heart Association for reducing cardiovascular disease. These guidelines are risk factor based and only indicate that cardiovascular disease would be reduced if followed. No specific percentage in the reduction of the incidence of disease is given. In contrast, when elimination of the disease is the stated goal of the guideline, the end result is clear. To date, this goal has been stated by only one organization devoted to eliminating cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Guidelines need to be written to provide the physician and the patient with a specific end point that is expected when the guideline is followed. Patient acceptance and compliance will be much improved if the patient knows the risk/benefit of following the guideline’s recommendations.

关键词： Guideline Goals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Pooled Cohort Equations

Oryza CLIMtools:A genome–environment association resource reveals adaptive roles for heterotrimeric G proteins in the regulation of rice agronomic traits

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Plant Communications 2024年第4期5卷 145-165页

作者： Angel Ferrero-serrano david Chakravorty Kobie J.Kirven sarah M.Assmann Biology Department Pennsylvania State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Bioinformatics and Genomics Pennsylvania State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Modern crop varieties display a degree of mismatch between their current distributions and the suitability of the local climate for their *** address this issue,we present Oryza CLIMtools(https://***/CLIMtools/oryza_v1.0/),thefirst resource for pan-genome prediction of climate-associated genetic variants in a crop *** CLIMtools consists of interactive web-based databases that enable the user to(1)explore the local environments of traditional rice varieties(landraces)in south-East Asia and(2)investigate the environment by genome associations for 658 Indica and 283 Japonica rice landrace accessions collected from georeferenced local environments and included in the 3K Rice Ge-nomes *** demonstrate the value of these resources by identifying an interplay betweenflowering time and temperature in the local environment that is facilitated by adaptive natural variation in OsHD2 and disrupted by a natural variant in *** quantitative trait locus analysis has suggested the impor-tance of heterotrimeric G proteins in the control of agronomic ***,we analyzed the climate associations of natural variants in the different heterotrimeric G protein *** identified a coordi-nated role of G proteins in adaptation to the prevailing potential evapotranspiration gradient and revealed their regulation of key agronomic traits,including plant height and seed and panicle *** conclude by highlighting the prospect of targeting heterotrimeric G proteins to produce climate-resilient crops.

关键词： Oryza sativa rice G by E adaptation flowering time GWAs OsHD2 OssOC1 heterotrimeric G pro-tein OsRGA1 d1 OsGs3 OsDEP1 OsGGC2

systematic review of the efficacy of data-driven urban building energy models during extreme heat in cities:Current trends and future outlook

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Building simulation 2024年第5期17卷 695-722页

作者： Nilabhra Mondal Prashant Anand Ansar Khan Chirag Deb david Cheong Chandra sekhar Dev Niyogi Mattheos santamouris Department of Architecture and Regional Planning Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurIndia Department of Geography Lalbaba CollegeUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia school of Architecture Design and PlanningThe University of SydneyAustralia Department of the Built Environment National University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Geological sciences Jackson School of GeosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinUSA DepartmentofCivil Architecturaland Environmental EngineeringThe Universityof Texas at AustinAustinUSA Faculty of Built Environment University of New South WalesAustralia

Energy demand fluctuations due to low probability high impact(LPHI)micro-climatic events such as urban heat island effect(UHI)and heatwaves,pose significant challenges for urban infrastructure,particularly within urban *** short term load forecasting(sTLF)of buildings in urban micro-climatic setting(UMs)is obscured by the complex interplay of surrounding morphology,micro-climate and inter-building energy *** urban building energy modelling(UBEM)approaches to provide quantitative insights about building energy consumption often neglect the synergistic impacts of micro-climate and urban morphology in short temporal *** order modelling,unavailability of rich urban datasets such as building key performance indicators for building archetypes-characterization,limit the inter-building energy dynamics consideration into *** addition,mismatch of resolutions of spatio-temporal datasets(meso to micro scale transition),LPHI events extent prediction around UMs as well as its accurate quantitative inclusion in UBEM input organization step pose another degree of *** review aims to direct attention towards an integrated-UBEM(i-UBEM)framework to capture the building load fluctuation over multi-scale spatio–temporal *** highlights usage of emerging data-driven hybrid approaches,after systematically analysing developments and limitations of recent physical,data-driven artificial intelligence and machine learning(AI-ML)based modelling *** also discusses the potential integration of google earth engine(GEE)-cloud computing platform in UBEM input organization step to(i)map the land surface temperature(LsT)data(quantitative attribute implying LPHI event occurrence),(ii)manage and pre-process high-resolution spatio-temporal UBEM *** the potential of digital twin,central structed data models to integrate along UBEM workflow to reduce uncertainties related to building archetype characterizat

关键词： urban heat island(UHI) urbanmicro-climate urban morphology urban building energy modelling(UBEM) digitaltwin shorttermload forecasting(sTLF) googleearthengine(GEE)

Learning to bag with a simulation‐free reinforcement learning framework for robots

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IET Cyber-systems and Robotics 2024年第2期6卷 52-66页

作者： Francisco Munguia-Galeano Jihong Zhu Juan david Hernández Ze Ji Cooper Group University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK school of Physics Engineering and Technology University of YorkYorkUK school of Computer science and Informatics Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK school of Engineering Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK

Bagging is an essential skill that humans perform in their daily ***,deformable objects,such as bags,are complex for robots to manipulate.A learning-based framework that enables robots to learn bagging is *** novelty of this framework is its ability to learn and perform bagging without relying on *** learning process is accomplished through a reinforcement learning(RL)algorithm introduced and designed to find the best grasping points of the bag based on a set of compact state *** framework utilises a set of primitive actions and represents the task in five *** our experiments,the framework reached 60% and 80% success rates after around 3 h of training in the real world when starting the bagging task from folded and unfolded states,***,the authors test the trained RL model with eight more bags of different sizes to evaluate its generalisability.

关键词： reinforcement learning robot learning robotics

Molecular pathology and protein markers for pancreatic cancer:relevance in staging,in adjuvant therapy,in determination of minimal residual disease,and follow-up

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Hepatobiliary surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 56-70页

作者： Caitlin P.sok Karunesh Polireddy david A.Kooby Department of surgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

The diagnosis and monitoring of disease through the detection of circulating protein biomarkers is a growing field in the practice of *** search for more effective protein biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)remains a valuable area of study,given the aggressive and often occult nature of this *** biopsies are attractive,as they offer a minimally invasive and cost-effective approach when compared to traditional biopsy methods and imaging modalities used for diagnosis and *** antigen(CA)19-9 is currently the most commonly used serum protein biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with PDAC,but due to its sensitivity and specificity,its utility remains *** this review,we examine how circulating protein biomarkers are used in the diagnosis,prognostication,and surveillance of *** also highlight protein biomarkers that are currently under investigation that have the potential to enhance our ability to detect early-stage malignancies,predict response to therapy,and monitor for recurrence,but these markers require larger prospective validation studies before they can be widely *** efforts to identify and validate novel biomarkers will be crucial for improving the management and outcomes of patients with this challenging disease.

关键词： Biomarkers pancreatic adenocarcinoma protein

Impact of Proteinuria on Liver Enzyme Levels

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第9期12卷 759-760页

作者： david Yardeni Asif Hitawala Lilian Howard Theo Heller Meryl Waldman Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Soroka University Medical CenterBeer-ShevaIsrael Liver Diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Kidney Diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Dear Editors,We read with great interest the recently published article“subnormal serum Liver Enzyme Levels:A Review of Pathophysiology and Clinical significance”by Youssef and colleagues.1 While much attention is given to elevations of liver enzymes,the authors highlight clinically important,often unrecognized reasons leading to low liver enzyme *** example,chronic kidney disease was cited as a cause of low serum aspartate aminotransferase(AsT)proportional to the progression of the disease,but the cause(s)are not well *** is known about the possible influence of nephrotic syndrome(Ns)on liver enzymes.

关键词： Impact Liver Levels