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Problematic Use of Video Games in Schools in Northern Benin (2023)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 120-141页

作者： Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigba david Sinet Koivogui Damega Wenkourama Marcos Tohou Eurydice Elvire Djossou Anselme Djidonou Francis Tognon Tchegnonsi Prosper Gandaho Josiane Ezin Houngbe Faculté de Médecine & Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers et Obstétricaux Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori Parakou Bénin Organisation Non Gouvernementale de Soutien réhabilitation Insertion et réinsertion (SourIr ONG) Parakou Bénin Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Santé Université Gamal Abder Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guinée Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Kara Kara Togo Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kara Kara Togo Facultés des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre Nationale Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoucou Maga de Cotonou Cotonou Bénin

Objective: To study the problematic use of video games among secondary school students in the city of Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the commune of Parakou from December 2022 to July 2023. The study population consisted of students regularly enrolled in public and private secondary schools in the city of Parakou for the 2022-2023 academic year. A two-stage non-proportional stratified sampling technique combined with simple random sampling was adopted. The Problem Video Game Playing (PVP) scale was used to assess problem gambling in the study population, while anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). results: A total of 1030 students were included. The mean age of the pupils surveyed was 15.06 ± 2.68 years, with extremes of 10 and 28 years. The [13 - 18] age group was the most represented, with a proportion of 59.6% (614) in the general population. Females predominated, at 52.8% (544), with a sex ratio of 0.89. The prevalence of problematic video game use was 24.9%, measured using the Video Game Playing scale. Associated factors were male gender (p = 0.005), pocket money under 10,000 cfa (p = 0.001) and between 20,000 - 90,000 cfa (p = 0.030), addictive family behavior (p relationship with father (p = 0.020), organization of video game competitions (p = 0.001) and definite anxiety (p Conclusion: Substance-free addiction is struggling to attract the attention it deserves, as it did in its infancy everywhere else. This study complements existing data and serves as a reminder of the need to focus on this group of addictions, whose problematic use of video games remains the most frequent due to its accessibility and social tolerance. Preventive action combined with curative measures remains the most effective means of combating the problem at national level.

关键词： Gaming Problem Video Games Benin 2023

Dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions from ruminants:A review of plant tannin mitigation options

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 231-246页

作者： Byeng r.Min Sandra Solaiman Heidi M.Waldrip david Parker richard W.Todd david Brauer United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) Agricultural Research Service(ARS)BushlandTX79012USA Tuskegee University TuskegeeAL36088USA

Methane gas from livestock production activities is a significant source of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions which have been shown to influence climate *** technologies offer a potential to manipulate the rumen biome through genetic selection reducing CH4 *** production may also be mitigated to varying degrees by various dietary intervention *** to reduce GHG emissions need to be developed which increase ruminant production efficiency whereas reducing production of CH4 from cattle,sheep,and *** emissions may be efficiently mitigated by manipulation of natural ruminal microbiota with various dietary interventions and animal production efficiency *** some CH4 abatement strategies have shown efficacy in vivo,more research is required to make any of these approaches pertinent to modern animal production *** objective of this review is to explain how anti-methanogenic compounds(e.g.,plant tannins)affect ruminal microbiota,reduce CH4 emission,and the effects on host ***,this review provides information relevant to understanding the impact of tannins on methanogenesis,which may provide a cost-effective means to reduce enteric CH4 production and the influence of ruminant animals on global GHG emissions.

关键词： Feed efficiency Greenhouse gas(GHG)emission Methanogenesis Tannin ruminant

Optimizing dietary lipid use to improve essential fatty acid status and reproductive performance of the modern lactating sow:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 272-289页

作者： david S.rosero r.Dean Boyd Jack Odle Eric van Heugten The Hanor Company FranklinKY 42134USA Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

Dietary lipid supplementation benefits the prolific and high-producing modern lactating sow. A comprehensive review of recent studies showed that lipid supplementation increases average daily energy intake, which is partitioned for lactation as indicated by greater milk fat output and improved litter growth rate. recent compelling findings showed that addition of particular lipids during lactation improved the subsequent reproductive outcome of sows. Such benefits were related to the level of dietary essential fatty acids（EFA, linoleic acid, C18：2n-6; and α-linolenic acid, C18：3n-3） during lactation. Lactation diets without supplemental EFA resulted in a pronounced negative balance（intake minus milk output） of linoleic（-25.49 g/d） and α-linolenic acid（-2.75 g/d）; which compromised sow fertility（farrowing rate 〈 75 % and culling rates 〉 25 % of weaned sows）. This phenomenon seems to be increasingly important with advancing sow age because of a progressive reduction of body EFA pool over successive lactations. The net effect of supplemental EFA during lactation was to create a positive EFA balance, which improved the subsequent reproduction of sows. Adequate linoleic acid intake improved the proportion of sows that farrowed in the subsequent cycle（Farrowing rate（%） = [（-1.5 × 10^-3× linoleic acid intake（g/d）^2）＋（0.53 × linoleic acid intake（g/d））＋（45.2）]; quadratic P = 0.002, r^2= 0.997, rMSE = 0.031）. In addition, increasing linoleic acid intake increased the number of pigs born in the subsequent cycle（total pigs born（n） = [（9.4 × 10^-5× linoleic acid intake（g/d）^2）＋（0.04 × linoleic acid intake（g/d））＋（10.94）]; quadratic P = 0.002, r^2= 0.997, rMSE = 0.031）. Supplemental α-linolenic acid resulted in a rapid return to estrus（sows bred： sows weaned = 94.2 %; wean-to-estrus interval = 4.0 d） and achieved a high retention of pregnancy（sows pregnant： sows bred = 98 %）. Collectively, we conclude that a minimum dietary intake of10 g/d of α-linolenic acid, simultaneous wit

关键词： Essential fatty acids Lactating sow Subsequent reproduction Supplemental lipids

Ultra-broadband metamaterial absorbers from long to very long infrared regime

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第8期10卷 1462-1473页

作者： Yu Zhou Zheng Qin Zhongzhu Liang Dejia Meng Haiyang Xu david r.Smith Yichun Liu State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences130033 ChangchunJilinChina. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina. Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials research and Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education College of PhysicsNortheast Normal University130024 ChangchunChina. Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics Duke UniversityP.O.Box 90291DurhamNC 27708USA

Broadband metamaterials absorbers with high absorption,ultrathin thickness and easy configurations are in great demand for many potential *** this paper,we first analyse the coupling resonances in a Ti/Ge/Ti three-layer absorber,which can realise broadband absorption from 8 to 12 *** we experimentally demonstrate two types of absorbers based on the Ti/Ge/Si_(3)N_(4)/Ti *** taking advantage of coupling surface plasmon resonances and intrinsic absorption of lossy material Si_(3)N_(4),the average absorptions of two types of absorbers achieve almost 95%from 8 to 14μm(experiment result:78%from 6.5 to 13.5μm).In order to expand the absorption bandwidth,we further propose two Ti/Si/SiO_(2)/Ti absorbers which can absorb 92%and 87%of ultra-broadband light in the 14-30μm and 8-30μm spectral range,*** findings establish general and systematic strategies for guiding the design of metamaterial absorbers with excellent broadband absorption and pave the way for enhancing the optical performance in applications of infrared thermal emitters,imaging and photodetectors.

关键词： absorber absorption coupling

Use of blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis and surveillance of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2014年第4期6卷 83-97页

作者： Ganepola AP Ganepola Joel Nizin John r rutledge david H Chang Center for Cancer research and Genomic Medicine The Daniel and Gloria Blumenthal Cancer Center Department of Surgery The Valley Hospital

Early screening for colorectal cancer(CrC) holds the key to combat and control the increasing global burden of CrC morbidity and mortality. However, the current available screening modalities are severely inadequate because of their high cost and cumbersome preparatory procedures that ultimately lead to a low participation rate. People simply do not like to have colonoscopies. It would be ideal, therefore, to develop an alternative modality based on blood biomarkers as the first line screening test. This will allow for the differentiation of the general population from high risk individuals. Colonoscopy would then become the secondary test, to further screen the high risk segment of the population. This will encourage participation and therefore help to reach the goal of early detection and thereby reduce the anticipated increasing global CrC incidence rate. A blood-based screening test is anappealing alternative as it is non-invasive and poses minimal risk to patients. It is easy to perform, can be repeated at shorter intervals, and therefore would likely lead to a much higher participation rate. This review surveys various blood-based test strategies currently under investigation, discusses the potency of what is available, and assesses how new technology may contribute to future test design.

关键词： Colorectal neoplasms Early detection of cancer Colonoscopy Biological markers Blood Messenger rNA MicrorNA Long non-coding rNA DNA methylation Microsatellite instability Loss of heterozygosity High-throughput nucleotide sequencing Mass spectrometry real-time polymerase chain reaction Microarray analysis

risk profiles and outcomes of patients receiving antibacterial cardiovascular implantable electronic device envelopes:A retrospective analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2022年第3期14卷 177-186页

作者： david A Woodard Grace Kim Kent r Nilsson Department of Cardiology Piedmont Heart InstituteAthensGA 30606United States Department of Medicine Augusta University-University of Georgia Medical PartnershipAthensGA 30606United States

BACKGrOUND Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices(CIEDs)are implanted in an increasing number of patients each year,which has led to an increase in the risk of CIED *** CIED envelopes locally deliver antibiotics to the implant site over a short-term period and have been shown to reduce the risk of implant site *** envelopes are derived from either biologic or nonbiologic *** is a paucity of data examining patient risk profiles and outcomes from using these envelope materials in the clinical setting and comparing these results to patients receiving no envelope with their CIED *** To evaluate risk profiles and outcomes of patients who underwent CIED procedures with an antibacterial envelope or no *** After obtaining Internal review Board approval,the records of consecutive patients who underwent a CIED implantation procedure by a single physician between March 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively collected from our hospital.A total of 248 patients within this period were identified and reviewed through 12 mo of follow *** CIED procedures used either no envelope(n=57),a biologic envelope(CanGaroo®,Aziyo Biologics)that was pre-hydrated by the physician with vancomycin and gentamicin(n=89),or a non-biologic envelope(Tyrx^(TM),Medtronic)that was coated with a resorbable polymer containing the drug substances rifampin and minocycline by the manufacturer(n=102).Patient selection for receiving either no envelope or an envelope(and which envelope to use)was determined by the treating *** analyses were performed between the 3 groups(CanGaroo,Tyrx,and no envelope),and also between the No Envelope and Any Envelope groups by an independent,experienced *** On average,patients who received any envelope(biologic or non-biologic)were younger(70.7±14.0 vs 74.9±10.6,P=0.017),had a greater number of infection risk factors(81.2%vs 49.1%,Preceived more high-

关键词： Cardiovascular implantable electronic device envelope Defibrillator Extracellular matrix Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator Infection Pacemaker

Influence of roadway geometric elements on driver behavior when overtaking bicycles on rural roads

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2014年第1期1卷 28-38页

作者： Jeremy r.Chapman david A.Noyce Department of Civil Engineering Rose-Hulman Institute of TechnologyTerre HauteINUSA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

The objective of this research was to determine what influence geometric design elements of roadway may have on driver behavior during the overtaking maneuver. This was part of a larger research effort to eliminate crashes （and the resulting fatalities and injuries） between bicycles and motorized vehicles. The data collection process produced 1151 observations with approximately 40 different independent variables for each data point through direct observation, sensor logging, or derivation from other independent variables. Prior research by the authors developed a means to collect real-time field data through the use of a bicycle-mounted data collection system. The collected data was then used to model lateral clearance distance be- tween vehicles and bicycles. The developed model confirmed field observations that the lateral clearance distance provided by drivers changes with vehicle speed and oncoming vehicle presence. These observations were presented by the authors previously. The model shows that driver behavior can be adjusted by the inclusion, or exclusion, of geometric elements. Evaluating roadways （or roadway designs） based on this model will enable stakeholders to identify those roadway segments where a paved shoulder would prove an effective safety countermeasure. This research will also enable roadway designers to better identify during the design phase those roadway segments that should be constructed with a paved shoulder.

关键词： overtaking bicycles lateral clearance three-foot rule vehicle-bicycle interactions centerline violation

Vegetation change as related to terrain factors at two glacier forefronts, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A.

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第1期17卷 1-15页

作者： Callie B.LAMBErT Lynn M・rESLEr Yang SHAO david r.BUTLEr Department of Geography Virginia Tech220 Stanger StreetBlacksburgVA24061USA Texas State University Department of GeographySan MarcosTX 78666USA

Glacier recession is a globally occurring trend. Although a rich body of work has documented glacial response to climate warming, few studies have assessed vegetation cover change in recently deglaciated areas, especially using geospatial technologies. Here, vegetation change at two glacier forefronts in Glacier National Park, Montana, *** quantified through remote sensing analysis,fieldwork validation, and statistical ***, we assessed the spatial and temporal patterns of landcover change at the two glacier forefronts in Glacier National Park and determined the role of selected biophysical terrain factors(elevation, slope, aspect, solar radiation, flow accumulation, topographic wetness index, and surficial geology) on vegetation change(from nonvegetated to vegetated cover) at the deglaciated *** imagery of the study locations in 1991, 2003,and 2015 were classified and validated using visual interpretation. Model results revealed geographic differences in biophysical correlates of vegetation change between the study areas, suggesting that terrain variation is a key factor affecting spatialtemporal patterns of vegetation change. At Jackson Glacier forefront, increases in vegetation over some portion or all of the study period were negatively associated with elevation, slope angle, and consolidated bedrock. At Grinnell Glacier forefront,increases in vegetation associated negatively with elevation and positively with solar *** geospatial and field approaches to the study of vegetation change in recently deglaciated terrain are recommended to understand and monitor processes and patterns of ongoing habitat change in rapidly changing mountain environments.

关键词： Land cover change Physical geography Glacial forefronts Vegetation change Glacier National Park Terrain factors

Glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential of the brachial plexus: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第18期7卷 2815-2822页

作者： Pichaya Thanindratarn Thanapon Chobpenthai Termphong Phorkhar Scott D nelson Department of Orthopedic Surgery Chulabhorn hospitalHRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical ScienceChulabhorn Royal AcademyLak SiBangkok 10210Thailand Department of Orthopedic Surgery Sarcoma Biology LaboratoryDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90024United States Department of Pathology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90404United States

BACKGrOUND Glomus tumor is an uncommon benign tumor usually presenting with a small mass occurring in the dermis or soft tissue of an extremity, especially subungual region. However, intraneural glomus tumor is sporadic. While most of the glomus tumors are benign, atypical glomus tumors with unusual features can be occasionally found, leading to distinctive malignant potential required different therapeutic approaches. Glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential is one type of atypical glomus tumor with limited criteria for malignancy and without metastasis. CASE SUMMArY Herein, we report a case of a 48-year-old Thai male with a large painful mass in his axilla for one year without apparent neurological deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large heterogeneous mass encasing entire posterior cord of left brachial plexus and axillary artery. The tumor tissue from core needle biopsy histologically demonstrated the sheets and cords of relatively uniform tumor cells with foamy cytoplasm and round to oval hyperchromatic nuclei without atypia. The mitotic count was 0 per 50 high power field. A final diagnosis of glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential was rendered. Complete surgical resection was performed, followed by adjuvant radiation due to positive margin. Neither local recurrence nor distant metastasis was observed at 2-year follow up. Unfortunately, postoperative incomplete brachial plexopathy without signs of reinnervation by electromyography was persisted. Later nerve grafting reconstruction was performed, followed by ongoing neurological rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential is exceedingly rare, especially around brachial plexus. Although the prognosis is good, careful histological diagnosis and treatment are needed to achieve an optimal outcome with lower morbidity.

关键词： Glomus tumor Glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential Brachial plexus Case report