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tracking character evolution and biogeographic history through time in Cornaceac ——Does choice of methods matter？

植物分类学报 2008年第3期46卷 349-374页

作者： Qiu-Yun （Jenny） XIAN~ david t. tHOMAS Department of Plant Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA

this study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral charac-ter state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using MESQUItE and a full Bayesian method in BAYEStRAItS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (ML) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit char-acters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and ML and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. these results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. the biogeographic history favored by the ML analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid tertiary. this result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.

关键词：性状进化生物地理历史山茱萸选择方法

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trivial Sources of Heterosis in Cotton?

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棉花学报 2008年第S1期20卷 77-页

作者： CAMPBELL B t BOWMAN D t.weaver D B USDA-ARS Florence South Carolina NC State University Raleigh North Carolina Auburn University Auburn Alabama

Historically,re-selection,pedigree,and mass selection breeding methods have been used to develop open-pollinated cultivars of Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.). Due to the

关键词： trivial Sources of Heterosis in Cotton than

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High-throughput screening of mouse gene knockouts identifies established and novel skeletal phenotypes

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Bone Research 2014年第3期2卷 152-181页

作者： Robert Brommage Jeff Liu Gwenn M Hansen Laura L Kirkpatrick david G Potter Arthur t Ss Brian Zambrowicz david R Powell Peter Vogel Lexicon Pharmaceuticals The Woodlands TX USA

Screening gene function in vivo is a powerful approach to discover novel drug targets. We present high-throughput screening （HtS） data for 3 762 distinct global gene knockout （KO） mouse lines with viable adult homozygous mice generated using either gene-trap or homologous recombination technologies. Bone mass was determined from DEXA scans of male and female mice at 14 weeks of age and by microCt analyses of bones from male mice at 16 weeks of age. Wild-type （Wt） cagemates/littermates were examined for each gene KO. Lethality was observed in an additional 850 KO lines. Since primary HtS are susceptible to false positive findings, additional cohorts of mice from KO lines with intriguing HtS bone data were examined. Aging, ovariectomy, histomorphometry and bone strength studies were performed and possible non-skeletal phenotypes were explored. together, these screens identified multiple genes affecting bone mass： 23 previously reported genes （Calcr, Cebpb, Crtap, Dcstamp, Dkkl, Duoxa2, Enppl, Fgf23, Kissl/Kisslr, Kl （Klotho）, Lrp5, Mstn, Neol, Npr2, Ostml, Postn, Sfrp4, S1c30a5, Sic39a13, Sost, Sumf1, Src, Wnt10b）, five novel genes extensively characterized （Cldn18, Fam20c, Lrrkl, Sgpll, Wnt16）, five novel genes with preliminary characterization （Agpat2, RassfS, Slc10a7, Stc26a7, Slc30a10） and three novel undisclosed genes coding for potential osteoporosis drug targets.

关键词： KO High-throughput screening of mouse gene knockouts identifies established and novel skeletal phenotypes BMD HtS DEXA gene

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Putting things in place for fertilization： discovering roles for importin proteins in cell fate and spermatogenesis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 537-544页

作者： Kate L Loveland Andrew t Major Romaly Butler Julia C Young david A Jan Yoichi Miyamoto Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Monash UniversityClayton VlC Australia Hudson Institute of Medical Research Monash Medical Centre Clayton VlC Australia School of Clinical Sciences Monash University ClaytonVlC Laboratory of Nuclear transport Dynamics National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition Osaka Japan.

Importin proteins were originally characterized for their central role in protein transport through the nuclear pores, the only intracellular entry to the nucleus. this vital function must be tightly regulated to control access by transcription factors and other nuclear proteins to genomic DNA, to achieve appropriate modulation of cellular behaviors affecting cell fate. Importin-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport relies on their specific recognition of cargoes, with each importin binding to distinct and overlapping protein subsets. Knowledge of importin function has expanded substantially in regard to three key developmental systems： embryonic stem cells, muscle cells and the germ line. In the decade since the potential for regulated nucleocytoplasmic transport to contribute to spermatogenesis was proposed, we and others have shown that the importins that ferry transcription factors into the nucleus perform additional roles, which control cell fate. this review presents key findings from studies of mammalian spermatogenesis that reveal potential new pathways by which male fertility and infertility arise. these studies of germline genesis illuminate new ways in which importin proteins govern cellular differentiation, includ ng v a d rect ng proteins to d st nct ntrace ular compartments and by determining cellular stress responses.

关键词： cell fate cell stress importin karyopherin nucleocytoplasmic transport spermatid spermatocyte spermatogenesis

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Redo sphincteroplasty:are the results sustainable?

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第1期4卷 39-42,I0002页

作者： Kwangdae Hong Giovanna Dasilva John t.Dollerschell david Maron Steven D.Wexner Department of Colorectal Surgery Cleveland Clinic FloridaWestonFLUSA

Objective:this study aimed to investigate the long-termoutcomes of patients who undergo redo sphincteroplasty(RS).Methods:Patients with fecal incontinence(FI)who underwent RS between November 1988 and December 2011 were retrospectively identified from a prospective database.A questionnaire and telephone survey assessed current Cleveland Clinic Fecal Incontinence Score(CCFFIS;best 0,worst 20)and Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life(FIQoL;best 4.1,worst 1)*** was defined as no further continence surgery,no stoma and CCFFISt completion of *** Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for comparing quantitative *** logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictive factors for ***:Fifty-six(66.7%)of 84 patients who underwent RS were available for evaluation at a median follow-up of 74(range:12-283)*** mean CCFFIS decreased from 16.563.7 to 11.966.6(Pt last *** patients(21.4%)underwent further continence surgery for failed sphincteroplasty,three(5.4%)of whom had a permanent *** patients(32.1%)had a CCFFISt the completion of follow-up,and 16(28.6%)had long-term *** patients evaluated for FIQoL had a mean value of 2.6(range:1.0-4.1).Postoperative CCFFIS was correlated with FIQoL(Spearman’s correlation coefficient?0.854,Ptic regression analysis did not reveal any significant predictive variables for success of ***:Based on our criteria for success,the long-term success rate for RS over a median of 74 months is poor.

关键词： fecal incontinence redo sphincteroplasty long-term outcome

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Natural products and drug discovery

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National Science Review 2022年第11期9卷 37-57页

作者： david J.Newman NIH Special Volunteer

this review covers the recent history of a series of very important natural products and their derivatives that are currently in use or under evaluation in the areas of anti-infectives, important cancer treatments that include antibody drug conjugates, followed by a discussion of type 2 diabetes(t2DM) drugs and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. the current structures of the agents are shown, though in the case of some peptides used in t2DM drugs the standard single lether abbreviation for an amino acid is used.

关键词： artemisinin glycopeptides anthracyclines dolastatin diabetes 2 ACE inhibitors

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Highly stable integration of graphene Hall sensors on a microfluidic platform for magnetic sensing in whole blood

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 115-127页

作者： Nishal Shah Vasant Iyer Zhiping Zhang Zhaoli Gao Juhwan Park Venkata Yelleswarapu Firooz Aflatouni A.t.Charlie Johnson david Issadore Department of Bioengineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong Department of Physics and Astronomy University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

the detection and analysis of rare cells in complex media such as blood is increasingly important in biomedical research and clinical ***-Hall detectors(μHD)for magnetic detection in blood have previously demonstrated ultrahigh sensitivity to rare *** sensitivity originates from the minimal magnetic background in blood,obviating cumbersome and detrimental sample ***,the translation of this technology to clinical applications has been limited by inherently low throughput(tibility to clogging,and incompatibility with commercial CMOS foundry *** help overcome these challenges,we have developed CMOS-compatible graphene Hall sensors for integration with PDMS microfluidics for magnetic sensing in *** demonstrate that these grapheneμHDs can match the performance of the best publishedμHDs,can be passivated for robust use with whole blood,and can be integrated with microfluidics and sensing electronics for in-flow detection of magnetic *** show a proof-of-concept validation of our system on a silicon substrate and detect magnetic agarose beads,as a model for cells,demonstrating promise for future integration in clinical applications with a custom CMOS chip.

关键词： integration magnetic fluid

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Colorectal cancer and dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2662-2669页

作者： timothy L Zisman david t Rubin Clinical Research Fellow in Gastro-enterology the University of Chicago Medical Center the University of Chicago Medical Center

Both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease carry an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Established risk factors for cancer among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) include the younger age at diagnosis, greater extent and duration of disease, increased severity of inflammation, family history of colorectal cancer and coexisting primary sclerosing cholangitis. Recent evidence suggests that current medical therapies and surgical techniques for inflammatory bowel disease may be reducing the incidence of this complication. Nonetheless heightened vigilance and a careful, comprehensive approach to prevent or minimize the complications of invasive cancer are warranted in this unique cohort of patients. Current guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cancer in this high risk population are grounded in the concept of an inflammation-dysplasia- carcinoma sequence. A thorough understanding of the definition and natural history of dysplasia in IBD, as well as the challenges associated with detection and interpretation of dysplasia are fundamental to developing an effective strategy for surveillance and prevention, and understanding the limitations of the current approach to prevention. this article reviews the current consensus guidelines for screening and surveillance of cancer in IBD, as well as presenting the evidence and rationale for chemoprevention of cancer and a discussion of emerging technologies for the detection of dysplasia.

关键词： Cancer Dysplasia Inflammatory Bowel Disease Ulcerative Colitis Crohn's Disease Chemoprevention

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Proximal tibial osteotomy for genu varum:Radiological evaluation of deformity correction with a plate vs external fixator

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第3期12卷 140-151页

作者： S Ali Ghasemi david t Zhang Austin Fragomen S Robert Rozbruch Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special SurgeryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021United States

BACKGROUND High tibial osteotomy(HtO)is a well-known procedure for the correction of knee *** purpose of this study was to compare the radiological results and accuracy of deformity correction performed using two different techniques:acute opening wedge correction using a plate and gradual correction with a monolateral external *** to compare of the radiological results of two different techniques:acute opening wedge correction(a plate and screw)and gradual correction(external fixator).MEtHODS A total of 43 patients with plates and 36 patients with external fixators were *** patients had moderate uniplanar varus *** measured radiographic parameters,including the mechanical axis deviation(MAD),medial proximal tibial angle(MPtA),Caton-Deschamps Index(CDI),posterior proximal tibial angle,and joint line obliquity angle(JLOA).the accuracy of MAD correction was calculated based on a correction goal of neutral or overcorrection for medial compartment *** Demographics including age,body mass index,sex,and preoperative deformities were similar between the *** MAD significantly improved from 23.6 mm medial to the midline(SD=8.2 mm)to 6.9 mm lateral to the midline(SD=5.4 mm)(Pthe accuracy of MAD correction did not differ between the groups and was 96.1%(SD=8.1%)in the plate group and 98.2%(SD=5.2%)in the external fixator group(P=0.18).the MPtA significantly improved from 83.9°(SD=2.9°)to 90.9°(SD=3.3°)(Pthe change was similar between the *** were noted in patella height,with a CDI change of-19.2%(SD=13.7%)and 3.1%(SD=8.0%)for the plate and external fixator groups,respectively(Pthe change in JLOA was 1.6 degrees(SD=1.1 degrees)and 0.9 degrees(SD=0.9 degrees)for the plate and external fixator groups,respectively(P=0.04).CONCLUSION Reliable correction of moderate varus alignment was achieved with both the acute opening wedge technique with a plate and the gradual monolateral external

关键词： High tibial osteotomy External fixator Gradual correction Plate and screw Genu varum Radiological

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Biomass residue to carbon dioxide removal:quantifying the global impact of biochar

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 1131-1147页

作者： david Lefebvre Samer Fawzy Camila A.Aquije Ahmed I.Osman Kathleen t.Draper thomas A.trabold University of British Columbia VancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen’s UniversityBelfast BT95AGNorthern Ireland trinity Biocarbon Masdar CityP.O.Box 135098Abu DhabiUAE International Biochar Initiative(IBI) LongmontCO 80501USA Golisano Institute for Sustainability Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY 14623USA

the Climate Change Conference of Parties(COP)21 in December 2015 established Nationally Determined Contributions toward reduction of greenhouse gas *** the years since COP21,it has become increasingly evident that carbon dioxide removal(CDR)technologies must be deployed immediately to stabilize concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases and avoid major climate change *** is a carbon-rich material formed by high-temperature conversion of biomass under reduced oxygen conditions,and its production is one of few established CDR methods that can be deployed at a scale large enough to counteract effects of climate change within the next *** we provide a generalized framework for quantifying the potential contribution biochar can make toward achieving national carbon emissions reduction goals,assuming use of only sustainably supplied biomass,i.e.,residues from existing agricultural,livestock,forestry and wastewater treatment *** results illustrate the significant role biochar can play in world-wide CDR strategies,with carbon dioxide removal potential of 6.23±0.24%of total GHG emissions in the 155 countries covered based on 2020 data over a 100-year timeframe,and more than 10%of national emissions in 28 *** regions of high biochar carbon dioxide removal potential relative to national emissions were identified in South America,northwestern Africa and eastern Europe.

关键词： Pyrolysis Biochar Waste biomass Carbon sequestration Negative emissions technologies(NEts) Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs)

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