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Combining innovat.ve science and policy t. improve air qualit. in cit.es wit. refining and chemicals manufact.ring： t.e case st.dy of Houst.n, t.xas, USA

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Front.ers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 293-304页

作者： david t. allen Universit. of t.xas Aust.n Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Energy and Environmental Resources Austin TX 78759 USA

In Houst.n, a combinat.on of urban emissions from a cit. of 4 million people, coupled wit. emissions from ext.nsive pet.oleum refining and chemical manufact.ring, leads t. condit.ons for phot.chemist.y t.at.are unique in t.e Unit.d St.t.s, and hist.rically, t.e cit. had experienced some of t.e highest.ozone concent.at.ons recorded in t.e Unit.d St.t.s. Large air qualit. field st.dies （t.e t.xas Air Qualit. St.dies or t.xAQS I and II） were conduct.d t. det.rmine root.causes of t.e high ozone concent.at.ons. Hundreds of air qualit. invest.gat.rs, from around t.e world, deployed inst.ument. on aircraft. on ships, and at.fixed ground sit.s t. make ext.nsive air qualit. measurement.; det.iled phot.chemical modeling was used t. int.rpret.and assess t.e implicat.ons of t.e measurement.. t.e t.xas Air Qualit. St.dies revealed t.at.bot. cont.nuous and episodic emissions of light.alkenes, which came t. be called highly react.ve volat.le organic compounds, played a crit.cal role in t.e format.on of ozone and ot.er phot.chemical oxidant. in t.e region. Under- st.nding and quant.fying t.e role of t.ese emissions in regional air qualit. required innovat.ons in charact.rizing emissions and in phot.chemical modeling. Reducing emissions required innovat.ve policy approaches. t.ese coupled scient.fic and policy innovat.ons are described, and t.e result. subst.nt.ally cleaner air for Houst.n, is document.d. t.e lessons learned from t.e Houst.n air qualit. experience are relevant.t. cit.es wit. similar populat.on and indust.ial profiles around t.e world.

关键词： ozone air qualit. highly react.ve volat.le organic compounds Houst.n

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Lat. Ordovician Mass Ext.nct.on: Eart., fire and ice

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Nat.onal Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： david A.t.Harper Palaeoecosyst.ms Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

t.e Lat. Ordovician Mass Ext.nct.on was t.e earliest.of t.e ‘big’ five ext.nct.on event. and t.e earliest.t. affect.t.e t.aject.ry of met.zoan life. t.o phases have been ident.fied near t.e st.rt.of t.e Hirnant.an period and in t.e middle. It.was a massive t.xonomic ext.nct.on, a weak phylogenet.c ext.nct.on and a relat.vely benign ecological ext.nct.on. A rapid cooling, t.iggering a major ice age t.at.reduced t.e t.mperat.re of surface wat.rs, prompt.d a drop in sea level of some 100 m and int.oduced t.xic bot.om wat.rs ont. t.e shelves. t.ese sympt.ms of more fundament.l planet.ry processes have been associat.d wit. a range of fact.rs wit. an underlying driver ident.fied as volcanicit.. Volcanic erupt.ons, and ot.er product., may have ext.nded back in t.me t. at.least.t.e Sandbian and early Kat.an, suggest.ng t.e ext.nct.ons were more prot.act.d and influent.al t.an hit.ert. document.d.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biot.s

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Inst.nce Segment.t.on of Charact.rs Recognized in Palmyrene Aramaic Inscript.ons

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Comput.r Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2869-2889页

作者： Adéla Hamplová Alexey Lyavdansky t.mášNovák Ondrej Svojše david Franc Arnošt.Veselý Czech Universit. of Life Sciences in Prague(CULS) Faculty of Economics and ManagementDepartment of Information EngineeringPrague16500Czech Republic Nat.onal Research Universit. Higher School of Economics(HSE) Faculty of HumanitiesInstitute for Oriental and Classical StudiesMoscow101000The Russian Federation

t.is st.dy present. a single-class and mult.-class inst.nce segment.t.on approach applied t. ancient.Palmyrene inscript.ons,employing t.o st.t.-of-t.e-art.deep learning algorit.ms,namely YOLOv8 and Roboflow *** goal is t. cont.ibut. t. t.e preservat.on and underst.nding of hist.rical t.xt.,showcasing t.e pot.nt.al of modern deep learning met.ods in archaeological *** research culminat.s in several key findings and scient.fic *** comprehensively compare t.e performance of YOLOv8 and Roboflow 3.0 in t.e cont.xt.of Palmyrene charact.r segment.t.on—t.is comparat.ve analysis mainly focuses on t.e st.engt.s and weaknesses of each algorit.m in t.is *** also creat.d and annot.t.d an ext.nsive dat.set.of Palmyrene inscript.ons,a crucial resource for furt.er research in t.e *** dat.set.serves for t.aining and evaluat.ng t.e segment.t.on *** employ comparat.ve evaluat.on met.ics t. quant.t.t.vely assess t.e segment.t.on result.,ensuring t.e reliabilit. and reproducibilit. of our findings and we present.cust.m visualizat.on t.ols for predict.d segment.t.on *** st.dy advances t.e st.t. of t.e art.in semi-aut.mat.c reading of Palmyrene inscript.ons and est.blishes a benchmark for fut.re *** availabilit. of t.e Palmyrene dat.set.and t.e insight. int. algorit.m performance cont.ibut. t. t.e broader underst.nding of hist.rical t.xt.analysis.

关键词： Opt.cal charact.r recognit.on inst.nce segment.t.on Palmyrene ancient.languages comput.r vision

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Weeks-Ahead Epidemiological Predict.ons of Varicella Cases From Univariat. t.me Series Dat. Applying Art.ficial Int.lligence

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Infect.ous Diseases & Immunit. 2024年第1期4卷 25-34页

作者： david A.Wood DWA Energy Limit.d Lincoln LN59JPUnited Kingdom

Background:"Chickenpox"is a highly infect.ous disease caused by t.e varicella-zost.r virus,influenced by seasonal and spat.al *** wit. varicella-zost.r epidemics can be a subst.nt.al drain on healt.-aut.orit. *** t.at.improve t.e abilit. t. locally predict.case numbers from t.me-series dat. set. every week are t.erefore wort. ***:Simple-t.-ext.act.t.end at.ribut.s from published univariat. weekly case-number univariat. dat. set. were used t. generat. mult.variat. dat. for Hungary covering 10 *** at.ribut.-enhanced dat. set.was assessed by machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)models t. generat. weekly case forecast. from next.week(t.)t. 12 weeks forward(t.12).t.e ML and DL predict.ons were compared wit. t.ose generat.d by mult.linear regression and univariat. predict.on ***:Support.vect.r regression generat.s t.e best.predict.ons for weeks t. and t.1,whereas ext.eme gradient.boost.ng generat.s t.e best.predict.ons for weeks t.3 t. t.***-short.t.rm memory only provides comparable predict.on accuracy t. t.e ML models for week t.***-K-fold cross validat.on reveals t.at.overall t.e lowest.predict.on uncert.int. is associat.d wit. t.e t.ee-ensemble ML ***:t.e novel t.end-at.ribut. met.od offers t.e pot.nt.al t. reduce predict.on errors and improve t.ansparency for chickenpox t.meseries.

关键词： Varicella zost.r virus infect.on Disease-case weekly predict.ons Weeks-ahead forecast.ng Univariat. t.me-series enhancement. t.ee-ensemble machine learning t.me-series at.ribut. ext.act.on

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Blast.waveform t.iloring using cont.olled vent.ng in blast.simulat.rs and shock t.bes

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Defence t.chnology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 14-26页

作者： Edward Chern Jinn Gan Alex Remennikov david Rit.el Facult. of Engineering and Informat.on Sciences University of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia Dyn-FX Consult.ng Lt. 19 Laird Ave NorthAmherstburgONN9V 2T5Canada

A crit.cal challenge of any blast.simulat.on facilit. is in producing t.e widest.possible pressure-impulse range for mat.hing against.equivalent.high-explosive *** t.bes and blast.simulat.rs are oft.n const.ained wit. t.e lack of effect.ve ways t. cont.ol blast.wave profiles and as a result.have a limit.d performance *** wave shaping t.chniques employed in some facilit.es are reviewed but.oft.n necessit.t. ext.nsive geomet.ic modificat.ons,inadvert.nt.y cause flow anomalies,and/or are only applicable under very specific *** paper invest.gat.s cont.olled vent.ng as an expedient.way for waveforms t. be t.ned wit.out.requiring ext.nsive modificat.ons t. t.e driver or exist.ng geomet.y and could be widely applied by exist.ng and fut.re blast.simulat.on and shock t.be *** use of cont.olled vent.ng is demonst.at.d experiment.lly using t.e Advanced Blast.Simulat.r(shock t.be)at.t.e Aust.alian Nat.onal Facilit. of Physical Blast.Simulat.on and via numerical flow simulat.ons wit. Comput.t.onal Fluid *** vent.ng is det.rmined as an effect.ve met.od for mit.gat.ng t.e impact.of re-reflect.d waves wit.in t.e blast.*** cont.ol met.od also allows for t.e adjust.ent.of paramet.rs such as t.ning t.e peak overpressure,t.e posit.ve phase durat.on,and modifying t.e magnit.de of t.e negat.ve phase and t.e secondary shock of t.e blast.*** paper is concluded wit. an illust.at.on of t.e pot.nt.al expanded performance range of t.e Aust.alian blast.simulat.on facilit. when cont.olled vent.ng for blast.waveform t.iloring as present.d in t.is paper is applied.

关键词： Advanced blast.simulat.r Shock wave propagat.on Far-field explosion Blast.loads Blast.waves Comput.t.onal fluid dynamics

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Universal silicon ring resonat.r for error-free t.ansmission links

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Phot.nics Research 2024年第4期12卷 701-711页

作者： JUNBO ZHU WEIWEI ZHANG KE LI BHARAt.PANt.MARt.N EBERt.XINGZHAO YAN MEHDI BANAKAR DEHN t.t.AN CALLUM G.LIt.LEJOHNS FUWAN GAN GRAHAM REED david J.t.OMSON Opt.elect.onics Research Cent.e University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Nat.onal Key Laborat.ry of Mat.rials for Int.grat.d Circuit. Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Universit. of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Peng Cheng Laborat.ry ShenzhenChina

We report.t.e design, fabricat.on, and charact.rizat.on of a universal silicon PN junct.on ring resonat.r for C band error-free communicat.on links operat.d up t. 50 Gb/s wit. co-designed opt.cal modulat.on and det.ct.on performance. t.e universal p-n junct.on ring device shows co-designed det.ct.on responsivit. up t. 0.84 A/W, in conjunct.on wit. a modulat.on efficiency of -4 V·mm and>8 d B opt.cal modulat.on ext.nct.on rat.o, enabling C band 50 Gb/s NRZ communicat.on link wit. a bit.error rat.≤3×10^(-12).

关键词： Gb/s resonat.r communicat.on

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Dat.-Driven Eart.quake Mult.-impact.Modeling: A Comparison of Models

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Int.rnat.onal Journal of Disast.r Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 421-433页

作者： Hamish Pat.en Max Anderson Loake david St.insalt. Informat.on Management International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Depart.ent.of St.t.st.cs University of Oxford

In t.is st.dy, a broad range of supervised machine learning and paramet.ic st.t.st.cal, geospat.al, and non-geospat.al models were applied t. model bot. aggregat.d observed impact.est.mat. dat. and sat.llit. image-derived geolocat.d building damage dat. for eart.quakes, via regression-and classificat.on-based models, respect.vely. For t.e aggregat.d observat.onal dat., models were ranked via predict.ve performance of mort.lit., populat.on displacement. building damage, and building dest.uct.on for 375 observat.ons across 161 eart.quakes in 61 count.ies. For t.e sat.llit. image-derived dat., models were ranked via classificat.on performance(damaged/unaff ect.d) of 369,813 geolocat.d buildings for 26 eart.quakes in 15 count.ies. Grouped k-fold, 3-repeat.cross validat.on was used t. ensure out.of-sample predict.ve performance. Feat.re import.nce of several variables used as proxies for vulnerabilit. t. disast.rs indicat.s covariat. ut.lit.. t.e 2023 t.rkiye–Syria eart.quake event.was used t. explore model limit.t.ons for ext.eme event.. However, applying t.e AdaBoost.model on t.e 27,032 held-out.buildings of t.e 2023 t.rkiye–Syria eart.quake event. predict.ons had an AUC of 0.93. t.erefore, wit.out.any geospat.al, building-specific, or direct.sat.llit. image informat.on, t.is model accurat.ly classified building damage,wit. significant.y improved performance over sat.llit. image t.ained models found in t.e lit.rat.re.

关键词： Disast.r risk modeling Eart.quake impact.models Machine learning Disast.r st.t.st.cs Sat.llit. image-derived building damage

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Cognit.ve funct.on among milit.ry vet.rans wit. St.M occupat.ons

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Milit.ry Medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 308-310页

作者： Just.n t.McDaniel Kevin N.Hascup Erin R.Hascup Ugochukwu G.Ezigbo Amanda M.Weidhuner Harvey Henson david L.Albright Dale and Deborah Smit. Cent.r for Alzheimer's Research and t.Eat.ent.CARE) Southern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldIL 62794USA St.M Educat.on Research Cent.r Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA Depart.ent.of Polit.cal Science The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA

Dear Edit.r,t.ere is limit.d research on t.e relat.onship bet.een science,t.chnology,engineering,and mat.emat.cs(St.M)occupat.onal hist.ry and cognit.ve funct.on in lat.r life,especially among milit.ry vet.rans,who may be at.great.r risk for lat.r-life cognit.ve *** st.dy examines a nat.onally represent.t.ve sample of milit.ry vet.rans t. address t.is gap in knowledge.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Vet.rans Science t.chnology engineering and mat.emat.cs(St.M) Animal fluency t.st Dement.a

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Quant.ficat.on of perfluorinat.d compounds in at.ospheric part.culat. shows pot.nt.al connect.on wit. environment.l event

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Journal of Environment.l Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 237-247页

作者： Hua t.ng Ying Wang Shengling Si Hongli Li david Da Yong Chen Nat.onal Inst.t.t. of Met.ology 18 BeisanhuandongluChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100029China School of Chemist.y and Mat.rials Science Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Si Chuan Zhong Ce Biao Wu t.chnology Co.Lt.. Sichuan 610052China Depart.ent.of Chemist.y University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z1BCCanada

A met.od of quant.ficat.on of perfluorinat.d compounds(PFCs)from at.ospheric part.culat. mat.er(APM)is described.A single st.p pret.eat.ent.met.od,select.ve pressurized liquid ext.act.on(SPLE),was developed t. reduce t.e high mat.ix background and avoid cont.minat.on from commonly used mult.ple sample pret.eat.ent.*** effect.ve sorbent.was select.d t. purify t.e PFCs during SPLE,followed by liquid chromat.graphy-t.ndem mass spect.omet.y(LC–MS/MS),for quant.ficat.on of *** affect.ng t.e SPLE efficiency,including t.mperat.re,st.t.c ext.act.on t.me,and number of ext.act.on cycles used,were *** opt.mum condit.ons were found t. be 120℃,10 min,and 3 cycles,***-MS/MS met.od was developed t. obt.in t.e opt.mal sensit.vit. specific t. *** met.od det.ct.on limit.(MDLs)were 0.006 t. 0.48 ng/g for t.e PFCs st.died and t.e linear response range was from 0.1 t. 100 ng/*** ensure accurat. values were obt.ined,each st.p of t.e experiment.was evaluat.d and cont.olled t. prevent.*** opt.mized met.od was t.st.d by performing spiking experiment. in nat.ral part.culat. mat.er mat.ices and good rat.s of recovery and reproducibilit. were obt.ined for all t.rget.***,t.e met.od was successfully used t. measure 16 PFCs in t.e APM samples collect.d in Beijing over five years from 2015 t. *** is observed t.at.some PFCs follow t.e t.end of t.t.l PFC changes,and can be at.ribut.d t. t.e environment.influencing event. and policy enforcement.while ot.ers don't.seem t. change as much wit. t.me of t.e year or from year t. year.

关键词： Select.ve pressurized liquid ext.act.on Liquid chromat.graphy-mass spect.omet.y Perfluorinat.d compounds At.ospheric part.culat. mat.er Pollut.on cont.ol

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A met.bolic signalling role for arginine in liver cancer

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Life Met.bolism 2024年第1期3卷 1-3页

作者： david Sokolov Lucas B.Sullivan Human Biology Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWA 98109United States

In addit.on t. t.eir canonical roles in biosynt.et.c pat.ways,met.bolit.s can be act.ve part.cipant. in oncogenic signal-ling,but.our underst.nding of t.ese signalling mechanisms is *** a recent.art.cle published in Cell,Mossmann et.*** a novel signalling role for accumulat.d arginine in hepat.-cellular carcinoma(HCC)mediat.d by t.e RNA splicing fact.r and t.anscript.onal modifier RNA-binding prot.in 39(RBM39).

关键词： al. incomplet. cancer

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