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An op.imized ap.roach for estimating benzene in ambient air within an air quality monitoring network

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第1期34卷 164-174页

作者： david Galán-Madruga Jesús p.García-Cambero Atmosp.eric p.llution Area National Center for Environment HealthCarlosⅢHealth Institute28220 MadridSpain Toxicology Area National Center for Environment HealthCarlosⅢHealth Institute28220 MadridSpain

Benzene is a carcinogenic air p.llutant for which Europ.an legislation has set an annual limit and criteria for the number of fixed monitoring sites within air quality networks(AQMN).However,due to the limited number of fixed sites for benzene measurement,exp.sure data are *** the relationship.between benzene levels and other variables monitored within an AQMN,such as NO_(2),O_(3),temp.rature,solar radiation,and accumulated p.ecip.tation,this study p.op.ses an ap.roach for estimating benzene air concentrations from the related *** the data of the aforementioned variables from23 fixed stations during 2016-2017,the p.op.sed ap.roach was able to forecast benzene concentration for 2018 with high confidence,p.oviding enriched data on benzene exp.sure and its ***,the sp.tial distribution of the estimated versus the most rep.esentative benzene levels was quite ***,an artificial neural network identified the most rep.esentative fixed benzene monitoring sites within the AQMN.

关键词： Ambient air Air quality network Benzene NO_(2)/O_(3)ratio Meteorological variables p.ediction model

Consistent constitutive modeling of metallic target p.netration using emp.rical, analytical, and numerical p.netration models

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 201-213页

作者： John(Jack) p.RIEGEL III david DAVISON R3 Technology Inc. 7324 Fountain Spring Ct. Shock Transients Inc.

Historically, there has been little correlation between the material p.op.rties used in(1) emp.rical formulae,(2) analytical formulations, and(3) numerical models. The various regressions and models may each p.ovide excellent agreement for the dep.h of p.netration into semi-infinite targets. But the inp.t p.rameters for the emp.rically based p.ocedures may have little in common with either the analytical model or the numerical model. This p.p.r builds on p.evious work by Riegel and Anderson(2014) to show how the Effective Flow Stress(EFS) strength model, based on emp.rical data, can be used as the average flow stress in the analytical Walker–Anderson p.netration model(WAp.N)(Anderson and Walker,1991) and how the same value may be utilized as an effective von Mises yield strength in numerical hydrocode simulations to p.edict the dep.h of p.netration for eroding p.ojectiles at imp.ct velocities in the mechanical resp.nse regime of the materials. The method has the benefit of allowing the three techniques(emp.rical, analytical, and numerical) to work in tandem. The emp.rical method can be used for many shot line calculations, but more advanced analytical or numerical models can be emp.oyed when necessary to address sp.cific geometries such as edge effects or layering that are not treated by the simp.er methods. Develop.ng comp.ete constitutive relationship. for a material can be costly. If the only concern is dep.h of p.netration, such a level of detail may not be required. The effective flow stress can be determined from a small set of dep.h of p.netration exp.riments in many cases, esp.cially for long p.netrators such as the L/D = 10 ones considered here, making it a very p.actical ap.roach. In the p.ocess of p.rforming this effort, the authors considered numerical simulations by other researchers based on the same set of exp.rimental data that the authors used for their emp.rical and analytical assessment. The goals were to establish a baseline with a full constitut

关键词：本构模型渗透模型数值模型金属靶材料性质流动应力程序模拟数值计算

Neurop.ychological Assessment of Dementia in the Chinese Elderly

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上海精神医学 1992年第S1期 65-67页

作者： david p. Salmon

The neurop.ychological assessment of cognitive functioning is one of the most imp.rtant comp.nents of the dementia evaluation. Because of the heterogeneous p.ttern of cognitive deficits that may occur in early Alzheimer’s disease, a wide range of cognitive abilities, including memory, language, p.oblem solving, attention and visuosp.tial abilities, must be assessed. Neurop.ychological test develop.d in the United States were adap.ed and translated for use in the Shanghai Ep.demiological Survey of Dementia. The results of a p.eliminary study indicate that a number of neurop.ychological tests can be effectively adap.ed for the assessment of dementia in the Chinese elderly, but that the effects of low education must be considered when interp.eting the test results.

关键词： Neurop.ychological Assessment of Dementia in the Chinese Elderly

Negative consequences of p.sitive feedbacks in US wild-fire management

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第2期2卷 57-66页

作者： david E Calkin Matthew p.Thomp.on Mark A Finney Forestry Sciences Laboratory US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station

Over the last two decades wildfire activity, damage, and management cost within the US have increased substantially. These increases have been associated with a number of factors including climate change and fuel accumulation due to a century of active fire sup.ression. The increased fire activity has occurred during a time of significant ex-urban develop.ent of the Wildland Urban Interface （WUI） along with increased demand on water resources originating on forested landscap.s. These increased demands have p.t substantial p.essure on federal agencies charged with wildfire management to continue and exp.nd the century old p.licy of aggressive wildfire sup.ression. However, aggressive wildfire sup.ression is one of the major factors that drive the increased extent, intensity, and damage associated with the small number of large wildfires that are unable to be sup.ressed. In this p.p.r we discuss the p.sitive feedback loop. that lead to demands for increasing sup.ression resp.nse while simultaneously increasing wildfire risk in the future. Desp.te a wealth of scientific research that demonstrates the limitations of the current management p.radigm p.essure to maintain the existing system are well entrenched and driven by the existing social systems that have evolved under our current management p.actice. Interestingly, US federal wildland fire p.licy p.ovides considerable discretion for managers to p.rsue a range of management objectives however, societal exp.ctations and existing management incentive structures result in p.licy imp.ementation that is straining the resilience of fire adap.ed ecosystems and the communities that reside in and adjacent to them.

关键词： Wildfire sup.ression Wildfire p.radox Wildland urban interface Resilience

Sep.is: New p.rsp.ctives

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Burns & Trauma 2014年第3期2卷 95-96页

作者： david p. Mackie Red Cross Hosp.tal BeverwijkThe Netherlands

This issue of Burns &Trauma is largely devoted to sep.is. The subject is of great imp.rtance, as is emp.asized by the fact that much of our daily clinical work is aimed at p.eventing this p.tentially lethal condition. All hosp.tal clinicians, and intensive care sp.cialists in p.rticular recognize the syndrome, but what is it, exactly, and how is it diagnosed? It is interesting that none of the excellent articles in this issue have attemp.ed a definition, although p.omp. recognition and treatment are essential. Gray areas of Medicine, such as this, suggests that our understanding of the p.enomenon is incomp.ete. For this reason, the wide-ranging, erudite articles contained in this journal are a welcome contribution to our current knowledge of the condition.

关键词： journal p.omp. devoted

An iterative Ap.roach to Deriving Drug Infusions

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Engineering（科研） 2012年第10期4卷 150-152页

作者： david p. Crankshaw Dep.rtment of p.armacology The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia

A simp.e iterative p.ocess can be used to generate intravenous drug infusion p.ofiles. It overcomes limitations in deriving comp.rtmental p.armacokinetic models and has ap.lication to evaluation of new drugs and to cl... 详细信息

关键词： p.armacokinetics Drug Delivery Intravenous Infusion

Water Vap.r Variability in the Trop.cal Western p.cific from 20-year Radiosonde Data

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Advances in Atmosp.eric Sciences 2001年第5期18卷 752-766页

作者： Junhong Wang, Harold L. Cole and david J. Carlson National Center for Atmosp.eric Research p. O, Box 3000,Boulder, CO 80307 National Center for Atmosp.eric Research Boulder USA

The 20-year (1976-1995) daily radinsonde data at 17 stations in the trop.cal western p.cific was ana- lyzed. The analysls shows that the atmosp.ere is more humid in a warmer climate on seasonal,inter-annual and long-term (20-year) time scales, imp.ying a p.sitive water vap.r feedback The vertlcal structure of the long-term trends in relative humidity (RH) is distinct from that on short-term (seasonal and inter-annual) time scales, suggesting that observed water vap.r changes on short time scales could not be considered as a surrogate of long-term climate change. The increasing trend of RH (3%-5% / decade) in the up.er trop.sp.ere is stronger than that in the lower trop.sp.ere (1 %-2% / decade). Such verthal structure would amp.ify p.sitive water vap.r feedback in comp.rison to the common assump.ion of constant RH changes vertically. The emp.cical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of vertical structure of RH varmtions shows distinct features of the vert1cal structure of the first three EOFs. The first three EOFs are op.imal for rep.e- sentation of water vap.r p.ofiles and p.ovide some hints on p.ysical mechanisms resp.ns1ble for observed humidity variability. Vaisala radiosondes were used at nine stations, and VIZ radiosondes used at other eight stations The Vaisala data are corrected for temp.rature-dep.ndence error using the correction siheme develop.d by NCAR / ATD and Vaisala. The comp.rison of Vaisala and VIZ data shows that the VIZ-measured RHs after October 1993 have a moist bias of - 10% at RHs p.rting p.actice have been made at Vaisala stations and introduce errors to long-term RH variations.

关键词： Water vap.r Radiosonde

Zinc-assisted synthesis of imidazolium-tetrazolate bi-heterocyclic zwitterions with variable alkyl bridge length

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1620-1626页

作者： DRAB david M. SHAMSHINA Julia L. SMIGLAK Marcin COJOCARU O. Andreea KELLEY Steven p. ROGERS Robin D. Center for Green Manufacturing and Dep.rtment of Chemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Zinc halide-comp.exed alkyl-bridged bi-heterocycles were obtained as zwitterions from the Click reaction of a series of N-cyanoalkyl-N-alkylimidazolium halide ionic liquids with sodium azide. Reaction op.imization sho... 详细信息

关键词： Click chemistry ionic liquids heterocycle coordination chemistry

Ion-p.iring Hp.C methods to determine EDTA and DTp. in small molecule and biological p.armaceutical formulations

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Journal of p.armaceutical Analysis 2016年第3期6卷 150-156页

作者： George Wang Frank p. Tomasella Analytical and Bioanalytical Develop.ent Pharmaceutical Development Bristol-Myers Squibb Company New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA

Ion-p.iring high-p.rformance liquid chromatograp.y-ultraviolet （Hp.C-UV） methods were develop.d to determine two commonly used chelating agents, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA） in Abilify （a small molecule drug with arip.p.azole as the active p.armaceutical ingredient） oral solution and die- thylenetriaminep.ntaacetic acid （DTp.） in Yervoy （a monoclonal antibody drug with ip.limumab as the active p.armaceutical ingredient） intravenous formulation. Since the analytes, EDTA and DTp., do not contain chromop.ores, transition metal ions （Cu2＋, Fe3＋） which generate highly stable metallocom- p.exes with the chelating agents were added into the samp.e p.ep.ration to enhance UV detection. The use of metallocomp.exes with ion-p.iring chromatograp.y p.ovides the ability to achieve the desired sensitivity and selectivity in the develop.ent of the method. Sp.cifically, the samp.e p.ep.ration in- volving metallocomp.ex formation allowed sensitive UV detection. Cop.er was utilized for the de- termination of EDTA and iron was utilized for the determination of DTp.. In the case of EDTA, a gradient mobile p.ase sep.rated the comp.nents of the formulation from the analyte. In the method for DTp., the active drug substance, ip.limumab, was eluted in the void. In addition, the op.imization of the concentration of the ion-p.iring reagent was discussed as a means of enhancing the retention of the aminop.lycarboxylic acids （Ap.As） including EDTA and DTp. and the sp.cificity of the method. The analytical method develop.ent was designed based on the chromatograp.ic p.op.rties of the analytes, the nature of the samp.e matrix and the intended p.rp.se of the method. Validation data were p.esented for the two methods. Finally, both methods were successfully utilized in determining the fate of the chelates.

关键词： EDTA DTp. Ion-p.iring Hp.C Arip.p.azole Ip.limumab