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Pulmonary artery diameter ratio as a prognostic indicator of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 20-25页

作者： Yuichiro Miyake Hiroyuki Koga Shuko Nojiri Shunsuke Yamada Takanori Ochi Go Miyano Geoffrey J lane Atsuyuki Yamataka Tadaharu Okazaki Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery Juntendo University School of MedicineBunkyo-kuTokyoJapan Department of Medical Technology Innovation Center Juntendo UniversityBunkyo-ku TokyoJapan Department of Pediatric Surgery Juntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuChibaJapan

Background Following on from an earlier study published in 2008 about left pulmonary artery(LPA)flow measured on serial echocardiography being strongly prognostic in left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)and the ratio of LPA to right pulmonary artery(RPA)diameters being a simple and reliable indicator for commencing nitric oxide(NO)therapy,the ratio of LPA:RPA diameters(PA ratio orPAR)was hypothesized to possibly reflect cardiopulmonary stresses accompanying CDH better.Methods Subjects with isolated left-sided CDH treated between 2007 and 2020 at a single pediatric surgical center were recruited and classified according to survival.Data obtained retrospectively for subject demographics,clinical course,LPA/RPA diameters,and PAR were compared between survivors and non-survivors.The value of PAR for optimizing the prognostic value of PA diameter data in CDH were analyzed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results Of 65 subjects,there were 54 survivors(82.3%)and 11 non-survivors(17.7%);7 of 11 non-survivors died before surgical repair could be performed.Mean PAR for survivors(0.851±0.152)was significantly higher than for non-survivors(0.672±0.108)(p=0.0003).Mean PAR for non-survivors was not affected by surgical repair.Characteristics of survivors were:LPA≥2 mm(n=52 of 54;mean PAR=0.866±0.146)and RPA≥3mm(n=46 of 54;mean PAR=0.857±0.152).Non-survivors with similar LPA and RPA diameters to survivors had significantly lower mean PAR.ROC curve cut-off for PAR was 0.762.Subjects with high PAR(≥0.762)required high-frequency oscillatory ventilation/NO less than subjects with low PAR(<0.762)(p=0.0244 and p=0.0485,respectively)and subjects with high PAR stabilized significantly earlier than subjects with low PAR(1.71±0.68 days vs 3.20±0.87 days)(p<0.0001).Conclusions PAR would appear to be strongly correlated with clinical outcome in CDH and be useful for planning management of cardiopulmonary instability in CDH.

关键词： hernia congenital diameters

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Realism, Normativity and Professor Mearsheimer

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Philosophy Study 2024年第2期14卷 63-65页

作者： Jan-Erik lane Geneva University GenevaSwitzerland

International relations or politics are a dynamic discipline within politics. It concentrates upon the understanding or explanation of conflict and power between nations or countries. It is of course highly relevant today with much warfare or threats thereof. One central theory is the so-called realism or neorealism. Its foremost representative today is Professor Mearsheimer. Professor John Mearsheimer has put several of his well-known lectures on YouTube. In these he spells out how he looks upon international politics today through a neorealist approach. Very much worth listening to, we must though question consistency in his message.

关键词： War conflict between nations neorealism

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新自由主义:一项批判

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马克思主义理论教学与研究 2024年第2期 92-101页

作者： [英]大卫·莱恩闫书帝(译) 英国剑桥大学伊曼纽尔学院南开大学马克思主义学院

新自由主义尽管危机重重,受到了广泛的批判和质疑,但依然作为霸权意识形态存在。新自由主义在理论和实践的七个方面上存在缺陷。简而言之,新自由主义理论将个人行为视为经济发展和财富创造的驱动力,它在促进多样性和流动性的同时,忽视... 详细信息

新自由主义尽管危机重重,受到了广泛的批判和质疑,但依然作为霸权意识形态存在。新自由主义在理论和实践的七个方面上存在缺陷。简而言之,新自由主义理论将个人行为视为经济发展和财富创造的驱动力,它在促进多样性和流动性的同时,忽视了建立在不公平的财产所有权之上的不平等,以及由此产生的经济和政治权力的不平等分配;抗衡力量的缺乏导致经济体长期处于次优状况,最终,是国家调控而非市场的抗衡力量,解决了由系统性经济失衡造成的经济危机。文明的创造并非如新自由主义所假设的那样源自市场机制调控下个人私利的驱动;相反,它来自不同社会和人们的合作。

关键词：新自由主义耦合秩序个人主义不平等国家调控

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CD8+T cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKM supports antitumor immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.Aaron Holling Colin A.Chavel Anand P.Sharda Mackenzie M.Lieberman Caitlin M.James Shivana M.Lightman Jason H.Tong Guanxi Qiao Tiffany R.Emmons Thejaswini Giridharan Shengqi Hou Andrew M.Intlekofer Richard M.Higashi Teresa W.M.Fan Andrew N.lane Kevin H.Eng Brahm H.Segal Elizabeth A.Repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott H.Olejniczak Department of Immunology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Department of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:Massachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Metabolic flexibility has emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+T-cell antitumor activity,yet the mechanisms driving the metabolic flexibility of T cells have not been determined.In this study,we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap-binding complex(CBC)adaptor protein ARS2 on mature T cells.In doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+T cells with flexibility of glucose catabolism.ARS2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitment to pre-mRNAs and affected approximately one-third of T-cell activation-induced alternative splicing events.Among these effects,the CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed the expression of the M1 isoform of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKM2,a key determinant of CD8+T-cell glucose utilization,interferon gamma production,and antitumor effector function.Importantly,PKM alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K pathway activation,revealing a novel means by which costimulation reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8+T cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism mRNA splicing CD8 T cells ARS2 PKM2

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Upland rice and lowland rice exhibited different P/P expression under water deficit and ABA treatment

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Cell Research 2006年第7期 651-660页

作者： david lane Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre Summerland B.C. V0H-1Z0.Canada

Aquaporins play a significant role in plant water relations.To further understand the aquaporin function in plants underwater stress,the expression of a subgroup of aquaporins,plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs),was studied at boththe protein and mRNA level in upland rice(Oryza sativa L.cv.Zhonghan 3)and lowland rice(Oryza sativa L.cv.Xiushui63)when they were water stressed by treatment with 20% polyethylene glycol(PEG).Plants responded differently to20% PEG treatment.Leaf water content of upland rice leaves was reduced rapidly.PIP protein level increased markedlyin roots of both types,but only in leaves of upland rice after 10h of PEG treatment.At the mRNA level,OsPIP1;2,Os-PIP1;3,OsPIP2;1 and OsPIP2;5 in roots as well as OsPIP1;2 and OsPIP1;3 in leaves were significantly up-regulatedin upland rice,whereas the corresponding genes remained unchanged or down-regulated in lowland rice.Meanwhile,weobserved a significant increase in the endogenous abscisic acid(ABA)level in upland rice but not in lowland rice underwater deficit.Treatment with 60μM ABA enhanced the expression of OsPIP1;2,OsPIP2;5 and OsPIP2;6 in roots andOsPIP1;2,OsPIP2;4 and OsPIP2;6 in leaves of upland rice.The responsiveness of PIP genes to water stress and ABAwere different,implying that the regulation of PIP genes involves both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signalingpathways during water deficit.

关键词： aquaporin gene expression PIP rice water deficit

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Understanding p53 functions through p53 antibodies

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第4期11卷 317-329页

作者： Kanaga Sabapathy david P.lane Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis Division of Cellular & Molecular Research Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore 169610 Singapore Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore 169857 Singapore Department of Biochemistry National University of Singapore (NUS) Singapore 117597 Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Singapore 138673 Singapore p53 Laboratory Singapore 138648

TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene across all cancer types. Our understanding of its functions has evolved since its discovery four decades ago. Initially thought to be an oncogene, it was later realized to be a critical tumour suppressor. A significant amount of our knowledge about p53 functions have come from the use of antibodies against its various forms. The early anti-p53 antibodies contributed to the recognition of p53 accumulation as a common feature of cancer cells and to our understanding of p53 DNA-binding and transcription activities. They led to the concept that conformational changes can facilitate p53’s activity as a growth inhibitory protein. The ensuing p53 conformational-specific antibodies further underlined p53’s conformational flexibility, collectively forming the basis for current efforts to generate therapeutic molecules capable of altering the conformation of mutant p53. A subsequent barrage of antibodies against post-translational modifications on p53 has clarified p53’s roles further, especially with respect to the mechanistic details and context-dependence of its activity. More recently, the generation of p53 mutation-specific antibodies have highlighted the possibility to go beyond the general framework of our comprehension of mutant p53-and promises to provide insights into the specific properties of individual p53 mutants. This review summarizes our current knowledge of p53 functions derived through the major classes of anti-p53 antibodies, which could be a paradigm for understanding other molecular events in health and disease.

关键词： antibodies conformation mutant p53 post-translational modifications

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Organic acid blends improve intestinal integrity,modulate short-chain fatty acids profiles and alter microbiota of broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 82-90页

作者： Alip Kumar Mehdi Toghyani Sarbast K.Kheravii lane Pineda Yanming Han Robert A.Swick Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Trouw Nutrition R&D Stationsstraat 773811MHAmersfoortthe Netherlands School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyNSW2006Australia

Controlling enteric diseases of broilers is crucial.Among many additives,organic acids(OA)and their blends are gaining attention to combat diseases in the post-antibiotic era.The current study evaluated the potentials of short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)and medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)blends and/or phenolic compounds on intestinal integrity,intestinal pH,caecal microbiota,and caecal SCFA profiles of broilers under necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.The additives used were:(A)a blend of SCFA,MCFA,and a phenolic compound(SMP),(B)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with MCFA(SMF),and(C)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with a high concentration of MCFA(SHM).A total of 1,404 male parental chicks of Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to 78 floor pens on hatching day with 6 treatments replicated 13 times with 18 birds per pen.The treatments were:UCC,unchallenged control;CHC,challenged control;BAC,challenged group plus zinc bacitracin;SMP,challenged group plus additive SMP;SMF,challenged group plus additive SMF;SHM,challenged group plus additive SHM.Birds were challenged with field-strain Eimeria spp.on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14.Birds challenged with NE increased fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)concentration in serum,reduced acetate and butyrate concentrations,and increased Bacteroides and C.perfringens load in the caeca(P0.05).The SMP group had a higher load compared to BAC(P<0.05).These findings suggest the promising effects of OA blends as al

关键词： Organic acid blend Alternative to antibiotics Intestinal health Necrotic enteritis Broiler chicken

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lane changing and congestion are mutually reinforcing?

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Communications in Transportation Research 2023年第1期3卷 140-149页

作者： Yang Gao david Levinson School of Civil Engineering The University of SydneySydney2006Australia

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between congestion and lane changing,using vehicle trajectory data from the M1 motorway in Sydney.We establish a connection between the distribution of travel time and lane changing frequency and employ a Poisson process to describe the intensity of lane changing occurrences in different travel time ranges.From an individual perspective,lane changing does not bring significant speed benefits in most cases,except when the speed range is between 45 and 50 km/h.From a system perspective,the relationship between lane change rate and speed depends on the purpose of the lane changes.In merging,diverging,and lane restriction areas,for instance,mandatory lane changes dominate.In most sections of the motorway,discretionary lane changes are motivated by the expectation of improving speed and/or safety.Additionally,we demonstrate a mutual causality relationship between lane changing and congestion through the Granger causality test.This relationship is more pronounced in general areas during peak periods and contributes to the deterioration of the driving environment.

关键词： lane changing Congestion Poisson process Granger causality

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Respiratory plasticity following spinal cord injury:perspectives from mouse to man

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2141-2148页

作者： Katherine C.Locke Margo L.Randelman Daniel J.Hoh Lyandysha V.Zholudeva Michael A.lane Department of Neurobiology&Anatomy Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center PhiladelphiaPAUSA Lillian S.Wells Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Cardiovascular Disease Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCAUSA

The study of respiratory plasticity in animal models spans decades.At the bench,researchers use an array of techniques aimed at harnessing the power of plasticity within the central nervous system to restore respiration following spinal cord injury.This field of research is highly clinically relevant.People living with cervical spinal cord injury at or above the level of the phrenic motoneuron pool at spinal levels C3-C5 typically have significant impairments in breathing which may require assisted ventilation.Those who are ventilator dependent are at an increased risk of ventilator-associated co-morbidities and have a drastically reduced life expectancy.Pre-clinical research examining respiratory plasticity in animal models has laid the groundwork for clinical trials.Despite how widely researched this injury is in animal models,relatively few treatments have broken through the preclinical barrier.The three goals of this present review are to define plasticity as it pertains to respiratory function post-spinal cord injury,discuss plasticity models of spinal cord injury used in research,and explore the shift from preclinical to clinical research.By investigating current targets of respiratory plasticity research,we hope to illuminate preclinical work that can influence future clinical investigations and the advancement of treatments for spinal cord injury.

关键词： breathing phrenic plasticity rehabilitation respiration spinal cord injury translation

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Metformin treatment of high-fat diet-fed obese male mice restores sperm function and fetal growth,without requiring weight loss

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 560-568页

作者： Nicole O McPherson Michelle lane Robinson Research Institute School of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Repromed Dulwich 5065Australia Monash IVF Group Melbourne 3000Australia.

Male obesity is associated with subfertility and increased disease risk of offspring.It is unknown if effects can be reversed through pharmacological interventions.Five-to 6-week-old C57BL6 male mice were fed control diet(n=10,CD)or high-fat diet(n=20,HFD)for 16 weeks.Animals fed with a HFD were then allocated to continuation of HFD(n=8)or HFD with metformin 28 mg kg1 day-1(n=8)for 6 weeks.Animals fed with CD continued on a CD(n=9).Males were mated with fertile C57BL6 females for the assessment of pregnancy and fetal growth.Sperm motility,spermatozoa and testicular morphology,sperm-zona pellucida binding,sperm reactive oxygen species(ROS)(intracellular[DCFDA],superoxide[MSR],and oxidative DNA lesions[8OHdG]),and mitochondrial membrane potential(JC1)were assessed.Metformin treatment of HFD males improved glucose toleranee(+12%,P<0.05)and reduced Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR;-36%,P<0.05).This occurred in the absenee of a change in body weight or adiposity.Metformin treatment of HFD-fed males restored testicular morphology(+33%,P<0.05),sperm motility(+66%,P<0.05),sperm-zona pellucida binding(+25%,P<0.05),sperm intracellular ROS concentrations(-32%,P<0.05),and oxidative DNA lesions(-45%,P<0.05)to the levels of the CD males.Metformin treatment of HFD fathers increased fetal weights and lengths compared with those born to HFD fathers(+8%,P<0.05),with fetal lengths restored to those of fetuses of CD males.Short-term metformin treatment in men who are obese could be a potential intervention for the treatment of subfertility,without the need for a reduction in body weight/adiposity.

关键词： fertility glucose metabolic syndrome overweight subfertility

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