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Aflatoxin Contamination and Rancidity in Locally Processed Commercial Fish Feeds and Ingredients along the Value Chain in Wakiso and Kampala Districts, Uganda

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第7期13卷 619-637页

作者： Joseph Magala david Kahwa Edward Nyatia Timothy Kasule Fortunate Natwijuka National Agricultural Research Organization Bulindi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute Hoima Uganda Department of Wildlife and Animal Resource Management School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Biomolecular Resources and Biolaboratory Sciences School of Biosecurity Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda National Livestock Research Institute Namulonge Uganda Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Entebbe Uganda

Aflatoxin contamination and rancidity in locally processed commercial fish feeds and ingredients along value chains is a Public and Animal health hazard. The study established the level of aflatoxin contamination, peroxide value (PV), Anisidine value (AnV), and their associated factors at storage areas among farmers, processors, traders, factories, and landing sites in the Wakiso and Kampala districts. The value chain actors were purposively selected in a cross-sectional study based on access to the feed store and the use of locally processed commercial fish feeds on farms. Data collected were statistically analyzed in SPSS version 20. All the samples (45) were positive for aflatoxin contamination and PV with 51% (23/45) of samples being contaminated with “above acceptable” aflatoxin levels and 66.6% (30/45) of samples with “above acceptable” PV. The overall percentage of “above acceptable” AnV was 11/29 (37.9%). Samples from factories were within acceptable contamination levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no significant difference between aflatoxin contamination, peroxide, and Anisidine value with storage factors for locally processed commercial fish feeds and ingredients. The study recommended the purchase of fish feeds from factories and a larger study on storage factors responsible for aflatoxin contamination and rancidity in fish feeds in Uganda.

关键词： Aflatoxin Contamination Rancidity Locally Processed Fish Feeds and Ingredients

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The catalytic properties of DNA G‐quadruplexes rely on their structural integrity

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2021年第7期42卷 1102-1107页

作者： Jielin Chen Mingpan Cheng Jiawei Wang Dehui Qiu david Monchaud Jean‐Louis Mergny Huangxian Ju Jun Zhou State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Institut de Chimie Moléculaire Universitéde Bourgogne(ICMUB)CNRS UMR6302UBFC Dijon 21000France Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences Ecole PolytechniqueCNRSINSERMInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 PalaiseauFrance

The influence of the G‐quartet structural integrity on the catalytic activity of the G‐quadruplex(G4)was investigated by comparing the G4‐DNAzyme performances of a series of G4s with a G‐vacancy site and a G‐triplex(G‐tri).The results presented herein not only confirm that the structural integrity of the 3'‐end G‐quartet is necessary for G4s to be catalytically competent but also show how to remediate G‐vacancy‐mediated catalytic activity losses via the addition of guanine surrogates in an approach referred to as G‐vacancy complementation strategy that is applicable to parallel G4s ***,this study demonstrates that the terminal G‐quartet could act as a proximal coordinating group and cooperate with the flanking nucleotide to activate the hemin cofactor.

关键词： G‐quadruplex G‐quadruplex DNAzyme G‐vacancy G‐quartet integrity Guanine surrogate

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Cardiac Amyloidosis: The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2014年第1期4卷 27-30页

作者： Linda Sim Christopher Semsarian david Celermajer Rajesh Puranik Department Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney Australia

Amyloidosis, an infiltrative disease characterized by deposition of high molecular weight insoluble protein has a low detection rate and poor prognosis with congestive heart failure being the most common cause of death. Although definitive diagnosis is based on endomyocardial biopsy, this is rarely performed due to procedural risk and sampling error. Traditional non-invasive imaging, such as transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and electrocardiogram (ECG) lacks sensitivity detecting the disease in its early stages. This case report demonstrates the utility of cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in addition to traditional imaging modalities in this often clinically challenging problem.

关键词： Cardiac Amyloidosis Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) Electrocardiography (ECG) Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF)

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Seasonal dynamics of airborne biomolecules influence the size distribution of Arctic aerosols

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第6期22卷 245-255页

作者： Eunho Jang Ki-Tae Park Young Jun Yoon Kyoung-Soon Jang Min Sung Kim Kitae Kim Hyun Young Chung Mauro Mazzola david Cappelletti Bang Yong Lee Korea Polar Research Institute(KOPRI) Incheon21990Republic of Korea University of Science and Technology(UST) Daejeon34113Republic of Korea Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology Hallym UniversityChuncheonGangwon-do24252Republic of Korea Korea Basic Science Institute(KBSI) Cheongju28119Republic of Korea National Research Council of Italy Institute of Polar Sciences(CNR-ISP)Via Gobetti 101Bologna40129Italy Department of Chemistry Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto 8Perugia06123Italy

Organic matter is crucial in aerosol-climate interactions,yet the physicochemical properties and origins of organic aerosols remain poorly *** we show the seasonal characteristics of submicron organic aerosols in Arctic Svalbard during spring and summer,emphasizing their connection to transport patterns and particle size ***-derived organic matter(MOM)and terrestrial-derived organic matter(TOM)accounted for over 90%of the total organic mass in Arctic aerosols during these seasons,comprising carbohydrate/protein-like and lignin/tannin-like compounds,*** spring,aerosols showed high TOM and low MOM intensities due to biomass-burning influx in the central *** contrast,summer exhibited elevated MOM intensity,attributed to the shift in predominant atmospheric transport from the central Arctic to the biologically active Greenland *** and TOM were associated with Aitken mode particles(100 nm diameter),*** association is linked to the molecular size of biomolecules,impacting the number concentrations of corresponding aerosol *** findings highlight the importance of considering seasonal atmospheric transport patterns and organic source-dependent particle size distributions in assessing aerosol properties in the changing Arctic.

关键词： Organic aerosol FT-ICR MS Particle size distribution Atmospheric transport pattern Biomolecule

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Amniotic membrane transplantation in a patient with impending perforated corneal ulcer caused by Streptococcus mitis: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第12期10卷 3923-3929页

作者： Fang-Chi Hsiao Yaa-Jyuhn James Meir Lung-Kun Yeh Hsin-Yuan Tan Ching-Hsi Hsiao david Hui-Kang Ma Wei-Chi Wu Hung-Chi Chen Department of Ophthalmology Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333423Taiwan Biomedical Sciences College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 33305Taiwan Department of Medicine College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 33305Taiwan Center for Tissue Engineering Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333423Taiwan

BACKGROUND Streptococcus mitis(***)is an opportunistic pathogen that can lead to severe ocular *** previous reports,penetrating keratoplasty(PK)was usually adopted for the treatment of persistent corneal *** report describes an unusual case of nonhealing descemetocele caused by *** treated by antibiotics plus amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT).CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old woman presented with a right persistent corneal ulcer that she had suffered from for the past 9 *** culture of a corneal scraping yielded *** right eye descemetocele decreased in diameter from 3 to 0.8 mm after the continuous administration of topical vancomycin and ceftriaxone for 2 *** to the slow healing,AMT was *** corneal erosion healed and gradually became *** visual acuity recovered from initially counting fingers to 100/200 at the last follow-up,67 mo after *** Antibiotics plus AMT may be an effective alternative treatment other than PK to promote epithelializationand to reduce inflammation in the corneas complicated by S. mitis keratitis.

关键词： Persistent corneal ulcer Amniotic membrane transplantation Streptococcus mitis Case report

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Intermediate-Term Seismic Precursors to the Loma Prieta California Earthquake of 1989

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第10期13卷 905-917页

作者： Lynn R. Sykes Felix Waldhauser david P. Schaff Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Palisades NY USA

We use precise locations of earthquakes to study forerunning seismic activity to the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake of magnitude 6.9 to the south of San Francisco, California, USA. Relocated shocks of magnitude 4.3 to 5.4 and smaller micro-earthquakes define a distinct zone of nearly the same orientation as the mainshock. That separate zone broke in the 15 months prior to the 1989 mainshock. That feature, which we call the Lake Elsman fault zone, is identified as the site of a prominent intermediate-term (yearly) precursor very close to the coming 1989 mainshock. That zone experienced a relatively large stress decrease during the nearby great earthquake of 1906. From the occurrence of the Lake Elsman shocks, we deduce that stress drop was only restored in the 15 months prior to the 1989 main event. Those stresses are consistent with little forerunning seismic activity in the region after 1906, later increases just before the 1989 mainshock and a decrease in activity thereafter. The southern Santa Cruz mountains segment of the San Andreas Fault zone, the location of the 1989 mainshock, had not been the site of events of magnitude 5 and larger for many decades prior to the occurrence of Lake Elsman earthquakes of magnitude 5.3 and 5.4 in 1988 and 1989. High-preci- sion locations readily available in real-time might be used to monitor similar possible precursory activity very close to the San Andreas and other transform faults.

关键词： Earthquakes Precursors Prediction California Faults Plate Tectonics

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Theory of Flexural Shear, Bending and Torsion for a Thin-Walled Beam of Open Section

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World Journal of Mechanics 2024年第3期14卷 23-53页

作者： david W. A. Rees Abdelraouf M. Sami Alsheikh College of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge UK

Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are examined separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist implies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three aluminium alloy extruded channel sections mounted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of symmetry. Bending and shear are considered more generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second moments of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever modifies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacement. It is shown from the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be mentioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from axial torsional loading is identified with the sum of axial stress

关键词： Thin Wall Theory Cantilever Beam Open Channel Section Principal Axes Flexure Transverse Shear Torsion Shear Centre Shear Flow Warping Fixed-End Constraint

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Optimum Development of a Saturated Oil Field

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2022年第1期12卷 1-24页

作者： david Abiodun Ogunlade John Perkins Favour Nakawooya Froylan Cannon Gracias School of Engineering University of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK

This project investigated the potential optimal development strategy for a saturated reservoir, with a gas cap. It assessed the viability of three production methods—solution gas drive (primary depletion), water flooding and gas injection, using varying injector well numbers. This project also undertook sensitivity analysis in the field, concluding that the development of another appraisal well would vastly improve the accuracy of NPV calculation. Furthermore, this project ascertained an optimized recovery method, based on numerical production simulations and economic modelling, of initial solution gas drive recovery, until reservoir pressure equals the bubble point pressure, at which point three water flooding injectors should be employed, developed at six-month intervals to maximise production while limiting CAPEX and OPEX as much as possible.

关键词： Enhanced Oil Recovery Carbon Dioxide Storage

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鹅喉羚的求偶交配行为

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四川动物 2014年第4期33卷 505-510页

作者：连仲民夏参军杨维康 david Blank 中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院大学北京100049

于2009～2010年研究了卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚Gazella subgutturosa的求偶交配行为。共记录4大类17种求偶交配行为。鹅喉羚的发情期分为2个阶段：发情准备期和高峰期。从发情准备期开始，雄羚开始沿雌羚每日移动路线建立领域... 详细信息

于2009～2010年研究了卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚Gazella subgutturosa的求偶交配行为。共记录4大类17种求偶交配行为。鹅喉羚的发情期分为2个阶段：发情准备期和高峰期。从发情准备期开始，雄羚开始沿雌羚每日移动路线建立领域并在整个白昼呆在领域内。高峰期持续时间较短，但雄羚整个高峰期始终停留在领域内。排泄物标记是鹅喉羚采用最多的领域标记方式，而角标记则持续时间更长。小跑是鹅喉羚圈雌时采用频率最高的步法，其次是走动和奔跑，走动步法持续时间最长，不同步法的组合使用是圈雌成功率和能量节约的最优化权衡。鹅喉羚的求偶交配过程可分为3个阶段，第一阶段为试探接近阶段，若雌羚已作好交配准备，则进入第二阶段，雄羚以直立行走或碎步行走接近雌羚，第三阶段为爬跨交配阶段。鹅喉羚的交配模式属于Dewsbury交配行为模式分类系统的第13类和Dixson分类系统的第14类。鹅喉羚成功交配后，并不存在个体配偶看护，而是通过守卫领域以提高总体配偶看护水平。

关键词：鹅喉羚繁殖行为圈雌交配模式领域

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Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay:Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 563-574页

作者： david R.SMITH Lorne J.BROUSSEAU Mary T. MANDT Michael J.MILLARD USGS Leetown Science Center Cornell University Cooperative Extension U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

To study horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus spawning behavior and migration over a large-spatial extent （〉100 km）, we arrayed fixed station radio receivers throughout Delaware Bay and deployed radio transmitters and archival tags on adult horseshoe crabs prior to their spawning season. We tagged and released 160 females and 60 males in 2004 and 217 females in 2005. The array covered approximately 140 km of shoreline. Recapture rates were 〉70% with multi-year recaptures. We categorized adult age by carapace wear. Older females tended to spawn earlier in the season and more frequently than young females, but those tendencies were more apparent in 2004 when spawning overall occurred earlier than in 2005 when spawning was delayed possibly due to decreased water temperatures. Timing of initial spawning within a year was correlated with water temperature. After adjusting for day of first spring tide, the day of In＇st spawning was 4 days earlier for every 1 degree （℃） rise in mean daily water temperature in May. Seventy nine % of spawning occurred during nighttime high tides. Fifty five % of spawning occurred within 3 d of a spring tide, which was slightly higher than the 47% expected if spawning was uniformly distributed regardless of tidal cycle. Within the same spawning season, males and females were observed spawning or intertidally resting at more than one beach separated by 〉5 kin. Between years, most （77%） did not return to spawn at the same beach. Probability of stranding was strongly age dependent for males and females with older adults experiencing higher stranding rates. Horseshoe crabs staging in the shallow waters east of the channel spawned exclusively along the eastern （N J） shoreline, but those staging west of the channel spawned throughout the bay. Overall, several insights emerged from the use of radio telemetry, which advances our understanding of horseshoe crab ecology and will be useful in conserving the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab population and habita

关键词： Spawning behavior Marine arthropod Xiphosurid Limulus polyphemus Delaware Bay Radio telemetry

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