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Open Journal of Forestry 2022年第1期12卷 19-40页

作者： Nereoh C. Leley david k. Langat Abdalla k. k.siwa Geoffry M. Maina Meshack.O. Muga k.nya Forestry Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Natural Resources Egerton University Njoro Kenya Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Nairobi Kenya

Carbon sequestration is one of the important ecosystem services provided by forested landscapes. Dry forests have high potential for carbon storage. However, their potential to store and sequester carbon is poorly understood in k.nya. Moreover, past attempts to estimate carbon stock.have ignored drylands ecosystem heterogeneity. This study assessed the potential of Muk.godo dryland forest-landscape in offsetting carbon dioxide through carbon sequestration and storage. Four carbon pools (above and below ground biomass, soil, dead wood and litter) were analyzed. A total of 51 (400 m2) sample plots were established using stratified-random sampling technique to estimate biomass across six vegetation classes in three landscape types (forest reserve, ranches and conservancies) using nested-plot design. Above ground biomass was determined using generalized multispecies model with diameter at breast height, height and wood density as variables. Below ground, soil, litter and dead wood biomass;carbon stocks and carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2eq) were estimated using secondary information. The CO2eq was multiplied by current prices of carbon trade to compute carbon sequestration value. Mean ± SE of biomass and carbon was determined across vegetation and landscape types and mean differences tested by one-way Analysis of Variance. Mean biomass and carbon was about 79.15 ± 40.22 TB ha

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Python Cook.ook

The importance of public engagement in clinical xenotransplantation

作者： (美)david Beazley，(美)Brian k. Jones

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Health Care Science

Health Care Science 2024年第2期3卷 124-130页

作者： Daniel J.Hurst david k.C.Cooper Department of Family Medicine Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic MedicineStratfordNew JerseyUSA Center for Transplantation Sciences Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Over the past several decades,significant scientific progress in xenotransplantation has brought the field to the threshold of clinical *** the past 3 years in the United States,experimental pig k.dney and heart xenotransplantation have been performed on human subjects recently declared dead by neurological criteria(decedents).In addition,two pig heart transplants have been carried out in living patients under the United States Food and Drug Administration's expanded access ***,though there has been a flurry of activity there remain unanswered questions regarding how the public views xenotransplantation,what concerns may exist,and how to address these concerns in a meaningful *** paper aims to underscore the importance of public engagement in xenotransplantation,emphasizing the ongoing need for studies to assess public *** current evidence on public engagement studies is reviewed and gaps in our understanding are *** propose practical steps to advance this *** studies to determine the extent of racial/ethnic differences in attitudes to xenotransplantation should be *** and descriptive analysis of certain religious viewpoints—especially minority faiths—would be *** public engagement is an important aspect of public acceptance of novel research that is accompanied by risk.we suggest that xenotransplantation biotechnology companies might consider leading the way in funding this research.

关键词： clinical trials ethics public engagement viewpoints xenotransplantation

Chloramine demand estimation using surrogate chemical and microbiological parameters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 1-7页

作者： Sina Moradi Sanly Liu Christopher W.k.Chow John van Leeuwen david Cook.Mary Drik.s Rose Amal School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Australian Water Quality Centre SA Water Corporation Centre for Water Management and Reuse School of Natural and Built EnvironmentsUniversity of South Australia

A model is developed to enable estimation of chloramine demand in full scale drink.ng water supplies based on chemical and microbiological factors that affect chloramine decay rate via nonlinear regression analysis *** model is based on organic character（specific ultraviolet absorbance（SUVA）） of the water samples and a laboratory measure of the microbiological（Fm） decay of *** applicability of the model for estimation of chloramine residual（and hence chloramine demand） was tested on several waters from different water treatment plants in Australia through statistical test analysis between the experimental and predicted *** showed that the model was able to simulate and estimate chloramine demand at various times in real drink.ng water *** elucidate the loss of chloramine over the wide variation of water quality used in this study,the model incorporates both the fast and slow chloramine decay *** significance of estimated fast and slow decay rate constants as the k.netic parameters of the model for three water sources in Australia was *** was found that with the same water source,the k.netic parameters remain the *** modelling approach has the potential to be used by water treatment operators as a decision support tool in order to manage chloramine disinfection.

关键词： Chloramine demand Drink.ng water treatment plants Modelling

Developing a chloramine decay index to understand nitrification:A case study of two chloraminated drink.ng water distribution systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 170-179页

The management of chloramine decay and the prevention of nitrification are some of the critical issues faced by water utilities that use chloramine as a *** this study,potential association between high performance size exclusion chromatography（HPSEC）data obtained with multiple wavelength Ultraviolet（UV） detection from two drink.ng water distribution systems in Australia and nitrification occurrence was *** increase in the absorbance signal of HPSEC profiles with UV detection at λ = 230 nm between apparent molecular weights of 200 to 1000 Da was observed at sampling sites that experienced rapid chloramine decay and nitrification while its absorbance signal at λ =254 nm decreased.A chloramine decay index（C.D.I） defined as the ratio of area beneath the HPSEC spectra at two different wavelengths of 230 and 254 nm,was used in assessing chloramine decay *** *** of waters at locations that experienced nitrification were consistently higher than locations not experiencing nitrification.A simulated laboratory study showed that the formation of nitrite/nitrate and/or soluble microbial products and/or the release of extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） during nitrification may contribute to the *** findings suggest that C.D.I derived from HPSEC with multiple wavelength UV detection could be an informative index to track.the occurrence of rapid chloramine decay and nitrification.

关键词： HPSEC Water distribution systems Nitrification Chloramine decay

Versatile domain mapping of scanning electron nanobeam diffraction datasets utilising variational autoencoders

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2213-2230页

作者： A.Bridger W.I.F.david T.J.Wood M.Danaie k.T.Butler Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordOxford OX13QRUK ISIS Neutron and Muon Spallation Source STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryOxfordshire OX110QXUK Electron Physical Science Imaging Centre Diamond Light Source Ltd.DidcotUK School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondon E14NSUK

Characterisation of structure across the nanometre scale is k.y to bridging the gap between the local atomic environment and macro-scale and can be achieved by means of scanning electron nanobeam diffraction(SEND).As a technique,SEND allows for a broad range of samples,due to being relatively tolerant of specimen thick.ess with low electron ***,coupled with the capacity for automation of data collection over wide areas,allows for statistically representative probing of the *** paper outlines a versatile,data-driven approach for producing domain maps,and a statistical approach for assessing their *** work.low utilises a Variational AutoEncoder to identify the sources of variance in the diffraction signal,and this,in combination with clustering techniques,is used to produce domain *** approach is agnostic to domain crystallinity,requires no prior k.owledge of crystal structure,and does not require simulation of a library of expected diffraction patterns.

关键词： mapping beam dosage

The functional properties of synapses made by regenerated axons across spinal cord lesion sites in lamprey

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2272-2277页

作者： david Park.r Department of Physiology Developmentand NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK

While the anatomical properties of regenerated axons across spinal cord lesion sites have been studied extensively,little is k.own of how the functional properties of regenerated synapses compared to those in unlesioned *** study aims to compare the properties of synapses made by regenerated axons with unlesioned axons using the lamprey,a model system for spinal injury research,in which functional locomotor recovery after spinal cord lesions is associated with axonal regeneration across the lesion *** synapses below the lesion site did not differ from synapses from unlesioned axons with respect to the amplitude and duration of single excitatory postsynaptic *** also showed the same activity-dependent depression over spik. ***,regenerated synapses did differ from unlesioned synapses as the estimated number of synaptic vesicles was greater and there was evidence for increased postsynaptic quantal *** axons above the lesion site,the amplitude and duration of single synaptic inputs also did not differ significantly from unlesioned ***,in this case,there was evidence of a reduction in release probability and inputs facilitated rather than depressed over spik. *** inputs from single regenerated axons below the lesion site thus do not increase in amplitude to compensate for the reduced number of descending axons after functional ***,the postsynaptic input was maintained at the unlesioned level using different synaptic ***,the facilitation from the same initial amplitude above the lesion site made the synaptic input over spik. trains functionally *** may help to increase propriospinal activity across the lesion site to compensate for the lesion-induced reduction in supraspinal *** animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Cambridge University.

关键词： electrophysiology lamprey plasticity regeneration reticulospinal axon spinal cord spinal injury synapse

Bioassay of Winter Wheat for Gibberellic Acid Sensitivity

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第10期4卷 2015-2022页

作者： Alexander D. Pavlista Dipak.k. Santra david D. Baltensperger Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska Panhandle Research & Extension Center Scottsbluff USA Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University College Station USA.

Increasing winter wheat seedling growth would mak. it a better winter cover crop. Gibberellic acid (GA3) seed treatment may accomplish this by stimulating stem growth. A bioassay, mimick.ng field conditions, could determine the relative sensitivity of conventional and semi-dwarf cultivars. In growth chambers set for cool (10℃/4℃) and warm (21℃/4℃) conditions, wheat seeds were treated with 0 and 125 to 16,000 ppm GA3. The cultivars Goodstreak.(tall or conventional) and Wesley (semi-dwarf) were compared as standards. Emergence and plant height were measured. “Goodstreak. showed a significant growth promotion at 500 ppm GA3 when seeds were dipped and 2000 ppm when GA3 was applied in-furrow under both temperature regimes. “Wesley” in general required the same or a higher dose of GA3. Separately, the seeds of nine other cultivars were treated with GA3 as the standards. Based on maximum height promotion, the most sensitive cultivars under cool conditions were Goodstreak. Harry, Millenium, and Wahoo;under warm conditions, the most sensitive cultivars were Alliance, Goodstreak. Jagalene, and Millenium. In general, the least GA3 sensitive cultivars were Arrowsmith, Scout66, and Wesley. “Buck.k.n” and “InfinityCL” were intermediate. The rye cultivar Rymin also was tested and showed less sensitivity to GA3 than “Goodstreak.. When 6 benzyladenine (6BA) with GA3 was applied to “Goodstreak. and “Wesley” seed, emergence, plant height and weight, and tiller formation were reduced. Wheat cultivars will respond to GA3 and differ in the amount of GA3 needed. The results of this growth chamber study will guide subsequent field trials.

关键词： Plant Growth Regulator Gibberellin Planting Aid Cover Crop

Conversion of Solar Energy to Fuels by Inorganic Heterogeneous Systems

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催化学报 2011年第6期32卷 879-890页

作者： k.mfung LI david MARTIN Department of Chemical Engineering University College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK

Over the last several years,the need to find clean and renewable energy sources has increased rapidly because current fossil fuels will not only eventually be depleted,but their continuous combustion leads to a dramatic increase in the carbon dioxide amount in *** of the Sun's radiation can provide a solution to both *** fuel can be generated by using solar energy to split water,and liquid fuels can be produced via direct CO2 *** would create an essentially free carbon or at least carbon neutral energy *** this tutorial review,the current progress in fuels' generation directly driven by solar energy is *** mechanisms are discussed with suggestions for future research.

关键词：固体超强碱氧化钙硝酸钾氧化铝氧化锆氢氧化钾硝酸钙

Instance Segmentation of Characters Recognized in Palmyrene Aramaic Inscriptions

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2869-2889页

作者： Adéla Hamplová Alexey Lyavdansk. TomášNovák.Ondrej Svojše david Franc Arnošt Veselý Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague(CULS) Faculty of Economics and ManagementDepartment of Information EngineeringPrague16500Czech Republic National Research University Higher School of Economics(HSE) Faculty of HumanitiesInstitute for Oriental and Classical StudiesMoscow101000The Russian Federation

This study presents a single-class and multi-class instance segmentation approach applied to ancient Palmyrene inscriptions,employing two state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms,namely YOLOv8 and Roboflow *** goal is to contribute to the preservation and understanding of historical texts,showcasing the potential of modern deep learning methods in archaeological *** research culminates in several k.y findings and scientific *** comprehensively compare the performance of YOLOv8 and Roboflow 3.0 in the context of Palmyrene character segmentation—this comparative analysis mainly focuses on the strengths and weak.esses of each algorithm in this *** also created and annotated an extensive dataset of Palmyrene inscriptions,a crucial resource for further research in the *** dataset serves for training and evaluating the segmentation *** employ comparative evaluation metrics to quantitatively assess the segmentation results,ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of our findings and we present custom visualization tools for predicted segmentation *** study advances the state of the art in semi-automatic reading of Palmyrene inscriptions and establishes a benchmark.for future *** availability of the Palmyrene dataset and the insights into algorithm performance contribute to the broader understanding of historical text analysis.

关键词： Optical character recognition instance segmentation Palmyrene ancient languages computer vision