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Diet for stroke prevention

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 44-50页

作者： j david Spence Stroke Prevention&Atherosclerosis Research Centre Robarts Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Lifestyle is far more important than most physicians *** changes in China that have resulted from increased prosperity are probably responsible for a marked rise in coronary risk in the past several decades,accelerating in recent *** of meat and eggs has increased,while intake of fruits,vegetables and whole grains has *** 2003 and 2013,coronary mortality in China increased 213%,while stroke mortality increased by 26.6%.Besides a high content of cholesterol,meat(particularly red meat)contains carnitine,while egg yolks contain *** are converted by the intestinal microbiome to trimethylamine,in turn oxidised in the liver to trimethylamine n-oxide(TMAO).TMAO causes atherosclerosis in animal models,and in patients referred for coronary angiography high levels after a test dose of two hard-boiled eggs predicted increased cardiovascular *** strongest evidence for dietary prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction is with the Mediterranean diet from Crete,a nearly vegetarian diet that is high in beneficial oils,whole grains,fruits,vegetables and *** at risk of stroke should avoid egg yolk,limit intake of red meat and consume a diet similar to the Mediterranean diet.A crucial issue for stroke prevention in China is reduction of sodium *** changes,although difficult to implement,represent an important opportunity to prevent stroke and have the potential to reverse the trend of increased cardiovascular risk in China.

关键词： prevention intake mortality

Cardioembolic stroke:everything has changed

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 76-83页

作者： j david Spence Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre Robarts Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Historically,because of the difficulty of using warfarin safely and effectively,many patients with cardioembolic stroke who should have been anticoagulated were instead given ineffective antiplatelet therapy(or no antithrombotic therapy).With the arrival of new oral anticoagulants that are not significantly more likely than aspirin to cause severe haemorrhage,everything has *** antiplatelet agents are much less effective in preventing cardioembolic stroke,it is now more prudent to anticoagulate patients in whom cardioembolic stroke is strongly *** advances include the recognition that intermittent atrial fibrillation is better detected with more prolonged monitoring of the cardiac rhythm,and that percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale(PFO)may reduce the risk of ***,because in most patients with stroke and PFO the PFO is incidental,this should be reserved for patients in whom paradoxical embolism is likely.A high shunt grade on transcranial Doppler saline studies,and clinical clues to paradoxical embolism,can help in appropriate selection of patients for percutaneous *** patients with atrial fibrillation who cannot be anticoagulated,ablation of the left atrial appendage is an emerging *** is also increasingly recognised that high levels of homocysteine,often due to undiagnosed metabolic deficiency of vitamin B_(12),markedly increase the risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation,and that B vitamins(folic acid and B_(12))do prevent stroke by lowering ***,with regard to B_(12),methylcobalamin should probably be used instead of *** important considerations for judicious application of therapies to prevent cardioembolic stroke are discussed.

关键词： vitamin markedly likely

An In Vivo Experimental Validation of a Computational Model of Human Foot

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journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第4期6卷 387-397页

作者： Christopher j.Nester david Howard Centre for Health Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences ResearchUniversity of Salford Salford M5 4WTUK

Reliable computational foot models offer an alternative means to enhance knowledge on the biomechanics of human foot. Model validation is one of the most critical aspects of the entire foot modeling and analysis *** paper presents an in vivo experiment combining motion capture system and plantar pressure measure platform to validate a three-dimensional finite element model of human *** Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)slices for the foot modeling and the experimental data for validation were both collected from the same volunteer *** validated components included the comparison of static model predictions of plantar force,plantar pressure and foot surface deformation during six loading conditions,to equivalent measured *** the whole experiment,foot surface deformation,plantar force and plantar pressure were recorded simultaneously during six different loaded standing *** predictions of the current FE model were in good agreement with these experimental results.

关键词： human foot computational model plantar pressure

Controlling resistant hypertension

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 69-75页

作者： j david Spence Stroke Prevention&Atherosclerosis Research Centre Robarts Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Resistant hypertension(failure to achieve target blood pressures with three or more antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic)is an important and preventable cause of *** is highly prevalent in China(>60%of persons above age 65),and only~6%of hypertensives in China are controlled to target *** strokes occur among persons with resistant hypertension;approximately half of strokes could be prevented by blood pressure *** for uncontrolled hypertension include(1)non-compliance;(2)consumption of substances that aggravated hypertension,such as excess salt,alcohol,licorice,decongestants and oral contraceptives;(3)therapeutic inertia(failure to intensify therapy when target blood pressures are not achieved);and(4)diagnostic inertia(failure to investigate the cause of resistant hypertension).In China,an additional factor is lack of availability of appropriate antihypertensive therapy in many healthcare *** restriction in combination with a diet similar to the Cretan Mediterranean or the DASH(Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)diet can lower blood pressure in proportion to the severity of *** individualised therapy for hypertension based on phenotyping by plasma renin activity and aldosterone can markedly improve blood pressure *** hypertension(high renin/high aldosterone)is best treated with angiotensin receptor antagonists;primary aldosteronism(low renin/high aldosterone)is best treated with aldosterone antagonists(spironolactone or eplerenone);and hypertension due to overactivity of the renal epithelial sodium channel(low renin/low aldosterone;Liddle phenotype)is best treated with *** latter is far more common than most physicians suppose.

关键词： hypertension hypertensive markedly

Modelling of a Human Driver’s Interaction with Vehicle Automated Steering Using Cooperative Game Theory

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IEEE/CAA journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第5期6卷 1095-1107页

作者： Xiaoxiang Na david j.Cole Department of Engineering University of Cambridge

The introduction of automated driving systems raised questions about how the human driver interacts with the automated system. Non-cooperative game theory is increasingly used for modelling and understanding such interaction, while its counterpart, cooperative game theory is rarely discussed for similar applications despite it may be potentially more suitable. This paper describes the modelling of a human driver’s steering interaction with an automated steering system using cooperative game theory. The distributed Model Predictive Control approach is adopted to derive the driver’s and the automated steering system’s strategies in a Pareto equilibrium sense, namely their cooperative Pareto steering strategies. Two separate numerical studies are carried out to study the influence of strategy parameters, and the influence of strategy types on the driver’s and the automated system’s steering performance. It is found that when a driver interacts with an automated steering system using a cooperative Pareto steering strategy, the driver can improve his/her performance in following a target path through increasing his/her effort in pursuing his/her own interest under the driver-automation cooperative control goal. It is also found that a driver’s adoption of cooperative Pareto steering strategy leads to a reinforcement in the driver’s steering angle control, compared to the driver’s adoption of non-cooperative Nash strategy. This in turn enables the vehicle to return from a lane-change maneuver to straight-line driving swifter.

关键词： Automated driving system cooperative game theory driver modelling

DNA damage, NF-κB and accelerated aging

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Asian journal of Andrology 2012年第6期14卷 811-812页

作者： david G Le Couteur david j Handelsman ANZAC Medical Research Institute Sydney 2139 Australia Centre for Education and Research on Ageing (CERA) Concord Hospital and University of Sydney Concord NSW 2139 Australia

The aging process is the major risk factor for disease and disability yet the cel- lular mechanisms for aging are uncertain.

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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert j.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

NECAB family of neuronal calcium-binding proteins in health and disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1236-1243页

作者： Diones Bueno Michael K.E.Schafer Sudena Wang Michael j.Schmeisser Axel Methner Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Department of Anesthesiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Institute of Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany

The N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding proteins 1–3(NECAB1–3) constitute a family of predominantly neuronal proteins characterized by the presence of at least one EF-hand calcium-binding domain and a functionally less well characterized C-terminal antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. All three family members were initially discovered due to their interactions with other proteins. NECAB1 associates with synaptotagmin-1, a critical neuronal protein involved in membrane trafficking and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. NECAB2 interacts with predominantly striatal G-protein-coupled receptors, while NECAB3 partners with amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family A members 2 and 3, key regulators of amyloid-β production. This demonstrates the capacity of the family for interactions with various classes of proteins. NECAB proteins exhibit distinct subcellular localizations: NECAB1 is found in the nucleus and cytosol, NECAB2 resides in endosomes and the plasma membrane, and NECAB3 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain, an evolutionarily ancient component, is akin to atypical heme oxygenases in prokaryotes but is not wellcharacterized in vertebrates. Prokaryotic antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domains typically form dimers, suggesting that calcium-mediated conformational changes in NECAB proteins may induce antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain dimerization, potentially activating some enzymatic properties. However, the substrate for this enzymatic activity remains uncertain. Alternatively, calcium-mediated conformational changes might influence protein interactions or the subcellular localization of NECAB proteins by controlling the availability of protein–protein interaction domains situated between the EF hands and the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. This review summarizes what is known about genomic organization, tissue expression, intracellular localization, interac

关键词： calcium EF hand mitochondria nervous system signal transduction

Digital re-analysis of lost architecture and the particular case of Lutyens＇ Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2016年第2期5卷 265-275页

作者： Nicholas webb Andre Brown School of Architecture University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZN United Kingdom

Research and critique of unbuilt or destroyed works of architecture is traditionally carried out through the examination of surviving information such as drawings, models, photographs, biographies and monographs. The case study presented here demonstrates that this approach cannot always give a fuU-picture of the architect or designer＇s intentions, and may miss inconsistencies in the design and links to other precedents or antecedents in such schemes. Here, we employ strategic contemporary digital representation techniques to re-present and re-analyse the evidence available for a particular architectural project. We describe a systematic methodology, which shows that these techniques can challenge or enhance current understanding. The focus therefore is on the digital re-analysis process that has been devised. Sir Edwin Lutyens＇ unbuilt Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral design, that would have delivered one of the largest cathedrals in the world, is used as a case study. The findings reveal new information about the cathedral by following structured lines of enquiry generated from the study of primary and secondary source data, as well as serendipitous results that occur as a potential by-product of the methodological process.

关键词： Unbuitt architecture Digitalcritique Forensic anatysis Digitat modetting