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How to identify which patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis could benefit from endarterectomy or stenting

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 92-100页

作者： Kosmas I Paraskevas Frank j Veith j david Spence Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Royal Free HospitalLondonUK Department of Vascular Surgery New York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUSA Department of Vascular Surgery Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA Stroke Prevention&Atherosclerosis Research Centre Robarts Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondonCanada

Offering routine carotid endarterectomy(CEA)or carotid artery stenting(CAS)to patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis(ACS)is no longer considered as the optimal management of these *** suboptimal,however,is the policy of offering only best medical treatment(BMT)to all patients with ACS and not considering any of them for prophylactic *** the last few years,there have been many studies aiming to identify reliable predictors of future cerebrovascular events that would allow the identification of patients with high-risk ACS and offer a prophylactic carotid intervention only to these patients to prevent them from becoming *** patients with ACS should receive *** present article will summarise the evidence suggesting ways to identify these high-risk asymptomatic individuals,namely:(1)microemboli detection on transcranial Doppler,(2)plaque echolucency on Duplex ultrasound,(3)progression in the severity of ACS,(4)silent embolic infarcts on brain CT/MRI,(5)reduced cerebrovascular reserve,(6)increased size of juxtaluminal hypoechoic area,(7)identification of intraplaque haemorrhage using MRI and(8)carotid *** evidence suggests that approximately 10%-15%of patents with asymptomatic stenosis might benefit from intervention;this will become more clear after publication of ongoing studies comparing stenting or endarterectomy with best medical *** the meantime,no patient should be offered intervention unless there is evidence of high risk of ipsilateral stroke,from modalities such as those discussed here.

关键词： patients carotid stenosis

A shifting adversary:control of pancreatic cancer transcriptomic subtypes

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journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 253-264页

作者： Charles j.david Department of Basic Medicine Tsinghua University School of MedicineBeijing 100084China

Cellular plasticity,the dynamic ability of cells to adopt distinct transcriptional states,plays a well-known role in the pancreas during the initiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDA),the most common form of pancreatic *** is now becoming clear that plasticity also plays an important role after the emergence of *** is composed of two major transcriptional subtypes,classical and basal-like,with important biological *** work has indicated that individual tumors can be comprised of cells of each subtype,and that tumor subtype can change during the evolution of a *** suggests that PDA cells can transit between transcriptional states,with important implications for disease *** review discusses what is currently known about inter-subtype plasticity and how this process is controlled.

关键词： Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma transcriptional subtypes classical basal-like squamous quasi-mesenchymal cellular plasticity transcription factors tumor microenvironment

Involvement of eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer: the roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10729-10739页

作者： Lawrence M Knab Paul j Grippo david j Bentrem Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University jesse Brown VA Medical Center

The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between inflammatory changes in the pancreas and neoplastic progression. Diets high in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids provide increased substrate for arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to form eicosanoids. These eicosanoids directly contribute to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are upregulated in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies using pancreatic cancer cell lines have demonstrated upregulation of COX-2 and 5-LOX at both the mRNA and protein levels. When COX-2 and 5-LOX are blocked via a variety of mechanisms, cancer cell proliferation is abrogated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of COX-2 has been shown to include effects on apoptosis as well as angiogenesis. 5-LOX has been implicated in apoptosis. The use of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in clinical studies in patients with pancreatic cancer has been limited. Patient enrollment has been restricted to those with advanced disease which makes evaluation of these drugs as chemopreventive agents difficult. COX-2 and 5-LOX expression have been shown to be present during the early neoplastic changes of pancreatic cancer, well before progression to invasive disease. This indicates that the ideal role for these interventions is early in the disease process as preventive agents, perhaps in patients with chronic pancreatitis or hereditary pancreatitis.

关键词： Arachidonic acid Eicosanoid Cyclooxygenase-2 5-lipoxygenase Pancreatic cancer Inflammation

Enhancing diabetic retinopathy screening:Non-mydriatic fundus photography-assisted telemedicine for improved clinical management

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World journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1820-1823页

作者： Kira j Szulborski david j Ramsey Department of Ophthalmology Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMA 02111United States Lahey Department of Surgery Division of OphthalmologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolUniversity of MassachusettsBurlingtonMA 01805United States Graduate Faculty New England College of OptometryBostonMA 02115United States

The utilization of non-mydriatic fundus photography-assisted telemedicine to screen patients with diabetes mellitus for diabetic retinopathy provides an accurate,efficient,and cost-effective method to improve early detection of *** has also been shown to correlate with increased participation of patients in other aspects of diabetes *** particular,patients who undergo teleretinal imaging are more likely to meet Comprehensive Diabetes Care Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set metrics,which are linked to preservation of quality-adjusted life years and additional downstream healthcare savings.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic retinopathy Telemedicine Tele-ophthalmology Nonmydriatic fundus photography-assisted telemedicine Vision screening Preventative health services Health policy

Settling,consolidation and shear strength behaviour of coal tailings slurry

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第6期30卷 849-857页

作者： Shriful Islam david j.Williams Marcelo Llano-Serna Chenming Zhang School of Civil Engineering The University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet 3114Bangladesh Geotechnical Engineer Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd.Queensland 4101Australia

The volume change and shear strength behaviour of tailings slurry with the changes in gravimetric moisture content is important to effectively utilise the storage volume and analysis of dam failure *** testing of tailings from a slurry-like to soil-like state is a critical task,and conventional consolidation apparatus does not have the capability of doing such testing,as the tailings slurries contain high water *** tests conducted on slurries having a 25%solids concentration showed very low efficiency;final sediment was still *** intrinsic point was identified based on pore water pressure dissipation during consolidation tests in a slurry consolidometer that can define two states of the tailings ***-like and *** the slurry-like state,the volume change was greater for Slurry 2 than Slurry 1,while the inverse was observed in the soil-like *** evolution of peak vane shear strength with the changes in moisture content was almost similar for both samples and obeyed the power *** models have been developed and validated to predict the shear strength of materials at any gravimetric moisture content or void ratio.

关键词： Settling Consolidation Vane shear strength Coal tailings slurry Slurry consolidometer

Multi-wavelength observations of the 2014 june 11 M3.9 flare: temporal and spatial characteristics

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第7期19卷 123-132页

作者： Damian j.Christian david Kuridze david B.jess Menoa Yousefi Mihalis Mathioudakis Department of Physics and Astronomy California State University NorthridgeNorthridgeCA 91330USA Institute of Mathematics Physics and Computer ScienceAberystwyth UniversityCeredigionCymruSY23 3UK Astrophysics Research Center School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen's University BelfastBelfast BT7 INNUK

We present multi-wavelength observations of an M-class flare(M3.9) that occurred on 2014 june *** observations were conducted with the Dunn Solar Telescope(DST),employing adaptive optics,the multi-camera system Rapid Oscillations in Solar Atmosphere(ROSA),the new Hydrogen-Alpha Rapid Dynamics camera(HARDcam) in various wavelengths,such as Ca II K,Mg I b2(at 5172.7 A),and Hα narrow band and G-band continuum *** were re-constructed using the Kiepenheuer-Institut Speckle Interferometry Package(KISIP) code,to improve our image *** observed intensity increases of ≈120%–150% in the Mg,Ca K and Hα narrow band filters during the *** increases for the flare observed in the SDO EUV channels were several times larger,and the X-rays,as recorded by GOES,increased over a factor of 30 for the harder *** a modest delay was found between the onset of flare ribbons of a nearby sympathetic flare and the main flare ribbons observed in these narrow band *** peak flare emission occurred within a few seconds for the Ca K,Mg and Hα *** techniques indicate propagation velocities of ≈60 km s^-1 for the main flare ribbon and as high as300 km s^-1 for smaller regions,which we attribute to filament *** result and delays and velocities observed with SDO(≈100 km s^-1) for different coronal heights agree well with the simple model of energy propagation versus height,although a more detailed model for the flaring solar atmosphere is ***,we detected marginal quasi-periodic pulsations(QPPs) in the 40–60 s range for the Ca K,Mg and Hα bands,and such measurements are important for disentangling the detailed flare-physics.

关键词： magnetic reconnection-Sun flares-Sun atmosphere

Effect of intermittent aeration mode on nitrogen concentration in the water column and sediment pore water of aquaculture ponds

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 331-342页

作者： Dantong Zhu Xiangju Cheng david j.Sample Mohammad Nayeb Yazdi State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China School of Civil Engineering and Transportation South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Department of Biological System Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityVirginia Beach 23455United States

Nitrogen in pond sediments is a major water quality concern and can impact the productivity of *** oxygen is an important factor for improving water quality and boosting fish growth in aquaculture ponds,and plays an important role in the conversion of ammonium-nitrogen(NH4-N)to nitrite-nitrogen(NO2--N)and eventually nitrate-nitrogen(NO3--N).A central goal of the study was to identify the best aeration method and strategy for improving water quality in aquaculture *** conducted an experiment with six tanks,each with a different aeration mode to simulate the behavior of aquaculture *** results show that a 36 hr aeration interval(Tc=36 hr:36 hr)and no aeration resulted in high concentrations of NH4-N in the water *** a 12 hr interval time(Tc=12 hr:12 hr)resulted in higher NO2--N and NO3--N concentrations than any other aeration *** from an 8 hr interval time(Tc=8 hr:8 hr)and 24 hr interval time(Tc=24 hr:24 hr)were comparable with those of continuous aeration,and had the benefit of being in use for only half of the time,consequently reducing energy consumption.

关键词： Intermittent aeration Nitrogen Water column Sediment resuspension and release Sediment Sediment pore water

In memoriam Roger V Short(31.7.1930-6.8.2021)

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Asian journal of Andrology 2022年第6期24卷 681-683页

作者： Trevor G Cooper david j Handelsman Tuen Mun Hong Kong SARChina ANZAC Research Institute Concord HospitalSydneyNSW 2139Australia

FOREWORD FROM TREVOR G COOPER Roger V Short,Fellow of the Royal Society(FRS),born in England in 1930,itally trained as a vet at Bristol University,then completed a Fulbright Scholarship in the states and a PhD at the University of *** research in the University's Department of Veterinary Clinical studies until 1972,he became the director of the Medical Research Council Unit of Reproductive Biology in Edinburgh for the next decade,teaming up with Professor david Baird to run a globally renowned research institute where he trained numerous famous *** 2007 to 2014,he was an Editorial Board Member of Asian journal of Andrology.

关键词： Bristol Edinburgh institute

Trees support functional soils in a dryland agricultural area

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第4期5卷 588-596页

作者： jingyi Ding david j.Eldridge State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Centre for Ecosystem Science School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia

Trees provide multiple ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration,hydrological regulation and habitat for arboreal ***,they are often removed to support agricultural *** the importance of tree remnants,we know relatively little about how soils differ across sites of varying ***,we describe a study where we examined the relative effects of trees,compared with unvegetated interspaces,on soil functions in remnant patches at sites in good and poor condition in two eucalypt communities in an irrigation area in eastern *** found that,in general,carbon and nutrient cycling were relatively greater beneath trees,and in surface soils,but there were no clear trends in relation to site *** values of most soil attributes(e.g.,soluble and exchangeable cations,nitrogen,phosphorus)were greater beneath trees,indicating strong fertile island effects in both ***,our study confirms the importance of trees in remnant patches in agricultural landscapes,particularly those in sites of poor *** also suggests that soil processes may still be relatively intact,even in sites in poor *** study reinforces the need to protect trees in remnant woodland reserves to maintain critical ecosystem functions related to nutrient *** remnants are important for achieving sustainable management of agricultural systems.

关键词： Condition Eucalyptus Fertile islands Soil function Trees Woodlands