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Genetic and environmental control of fruit maturation,dry matter and firmness in apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)

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Horticulture Research 2014年第1期1卷 98-109页

作者： david Chagne Daya Dayatilake Robert Diack Murray Oliver Hilary Ireland Amy Watson Susan E Gardiner jason W johnston Robert j Schaffer Stuart Tustin The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited(Plant&Food Research) Palmerston North Research CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand Plant&Food Research Hawke’s Bay Research CentreHavelock NorthNew Zealand Plant&Food Research Motueka Research CentreMotuekaNew Zealand Plant&Food Research Mount Albert Research CentreAucklandNew Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

For any given genotype,the environment in which an apple is grown can influence the properties of the fruit *** there has been extensive research on the mechanism of the genetic control of fruit quality traits,less effort has been made to investigate the way that these genetic mechanisms interact with the *** address this issue,we employed a large‘Royal Gala’×‘Braeburn’population of 572 seedlings replicated over sites in three climatically diverse apple-growing regions in New *** for traits including fruit maturation timing,firmness and dry matter content was performed at each of these three sites for a single growing season(2011),and at two sites(Motueka and Hawke’s Bay)for two seasons(2009 and 2010).The phenotype data collected over 2 years at two sites enabled the detection of 190 quantitative trait loci(QTL)that controlled these traits regardless of year or growing location,as well as some chromosomal loci that influenced the traits in a single given environment or *** those loci that were environmentally stable over three sites,there was an interdependency of fruit maturation date,dry matter content and storage potential within this population,with two regions on Linkage Groups(LGs)10 and 16 strongly *** these loci were used in a marker-assisted selection programme to select for progeny bearing firmer fruit,this would have the unintentional consequence of selecting,high dry matter content,later maturing *** addition,a further 113 new QTLs with a smaller effect were identified,some of which were exhibited only in a single growing environment,demonstrating the underlying complexity of control of traits determining fruit quality,in addition to the need for being aware of environmental effects when developing new apple varieties.

关键词： fir apple fruit

基于GIS技术的经济林种植土壤氮磷钾元素适宜性分析——以甘肃省天水市麦积区为例

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甘肃农业大学学报 2014年第4期49卷 122-126页

作者：芦倩闫秀婧甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院甘肃兰州730070 甘肃林业职业技术学院甘肃天水741020

基于甘肃省天水市麦积区经济林氮磷钾元素调查数据、区划图、经济林分布图等数据,利用3S技术、克里金插值法、重分类和栅格计算方法,对该区域经济林种植土壤氮磷钾元素进行空间分析研究.结果显示:适宜苹果种植的土壤氮磷钾主要分布在研... 详细信息

基于甘肃省天水市麦积区经济林氮磷钾元素调查数据、区划图、经济林分布图等数据,利用3S技术、克里金插值法、重分类和栅格计算方法,对该区域经济林种植土壤氮磷钾元素进行空间分析研究.结果显示:适宜苹果种植的土壤氮磷钾主要分布在研究区西部和中部区域,西北部分区域其值偏高,东南部地区其值偏低;适宜花椒种植的土壤氮磷钾主要分布在研究区中部和东部边缘,西部区域其值偏高,南部地区其值偏低;适宜葡萄种植的土壤氮磷钾主要分布在研究区中南部地区和西部区域,西部小片区域其值偏高,东部及南部地区其值偏低.麦积区经济林种植土壤氮磷钾施肥没有统一标准,土壤中氮、磷、钾等土壤肥力分布不均衡,应尽快因地制宜的对麦积区经济林栽培进行科学管理和标准规划.

关键词： GIS技术经济林种植空间分析

抗真菌γ-硫堇蛋白Rs-afp1基因导入苹果获得转基因植株

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农业生物技术学报 2001年第3期9卷 239-242+307页

作者：刘庆忠,赵红军,孙清荣,j.Ingersoll,F.A.Hammerschlag 山东省果树研究所山东省果树研究所山东省果树研究所美国农业部Beltsville农业研究中心美国农业部Beltsville农业研究中心泰安　271000 泰安　271000 泰安　271000

以“皇家嘎啦”（Ｒｏｙａｌ　Ｇａｌａ）苹果（Ｍａｌｕｓ　ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃａ　Ｂｏｒｋｈ）为试材，在绿色组织特异表达的菠菜核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶／加氧酶的激活酶（Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ－ａｃｔｉｖａｓｅ）启动子（ＲＣＡＰ）驱动下，... 详细信息

以“皇家嘎啦”（Ｒｏｙａｌ　Ｇａｌａ）苹果（Ｍａｌｕｓ　ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃａ　Ｂｏｒｋｈ）为试材，在绿色组织特异表达的菠菜核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶／加氧酶的激活酶（Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ－ａｃｔｉｖａｓｅ）启动子（ＲＣＡＰ）驱动下，将抗真菌γ－硫堇蛋白（γ－ｔｈｉｏｎｉｎ）Ｒｓ－ａｆｐ１基因和ｕｉｄＡ（ｇｕｓ）基因导入白化茎段外植体，获得了ｎｐｔⅡ抗性植株。转化体经ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ　ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ杂交检测，证实了γ－硫堇蛋白Ｒｓ－ａｆｐ１基因和ｇｕｓ基因已经整合到苹果的染色体组上。ｇｕｓ染色证实了ＲＣＡＰ启动子在苹果组织中的特异性表达。转基因植株已移栽于大田，进行农业性状鉴定。

关键词： γ-硫堇蛋白 Rubisco激活酶抗真菌转基因苹果

Elucidation of the ‘Honeycrisp’ pedigree through haplotype analysis with a multi-family integrated SNP linkage map and a large apple (Malus×domestica) pedigree-connected SNP data set

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Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 358-364页

作者： Nicholas P Howard Eric van de Weg david S Bedford Cameron P Peace Stijn Vanderzande Matthew D Clark Soon Li Teh Lichun Cai james j Luby Department of Horticultural Science University of MinnesotaSt Paul55104MNUSA Department of Plant Breeding Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen6700AJThe Netherlands Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Washington State UniversityPullman99164WAUSA Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing48824MIUSA

The apple(Malus×domestica)cultivar Honeycrisp has become important economically and as a breeding *** earlier study with SSR markers indicated the original recorded pedigree of‘Honeycrisp’was incorrect and‘Keepsake’was identified as one putative parent,the other being *** objective of this study was to verify‘Keepsake’as a parent and identify and genetically describe the unknown parent and its grandparents.A multi-family based dense and high-quality integrated SNP map was created using the apple 8 K Illumina Infinium SNP *** map was used alongside a large pedigree-connected data set from the RosBREED project to build extended SNP haplotypes and to identify pedigree relationships.‘Keepsake’was verified as one parent of‘Honeycrisp’and‘Duchess of Oldenburg’and‘Golden Delicious’were identified as grandparents through the unknown *** this finding,siblings of‘Honeycrisp’were identified using the SNP *** records from several of these siblings suggested that the previously unreported parent is a University of Minnesota selection,*** selection is no longer available,but now is genetically described through imputed SNP *** also present the mosaic grandparental composition of‘Honeycrisp’for each of its 17 chromosome *** new pedigree and genetic information will be useful in future pedigree-based genetic studies to connect‘Honeycrisp’with other cultivars used widely in apple breeding *** created SNP linkage map will benefit future research using the data from the Illumina apple 8 and 20 K and Affymetrix 480 K SNP arrays.

关键词： Golden linkage connected

High resolution aerial photogrammetry based 3D mapping of fruit crop canopies for precision inputs management

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第1期9卷 11-23页

作者： Rajeev Sinha juan j.Quiros Sindhuja Sankaran Lav R.Khot Department of Biological Systems Engineering Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural SystemsWashington State UniversityProsserWA 99350United States

Rapid and accurate canopy attributes estimation is highly critical in fruit crops production management as this information can be used for canopy and crop load management as well as to develop nutrient/chemical prescription application ***,the existing ground based canopy sensing and attribute estimation methods are laborious and often involve complexity with field data collection and *** methods can be subjec-tive as ***,this study explores aerial photogrammetry based method of tree–row–volume(TRV),leaf–wall–area(LWA),canopy volume(CV)and canopy cover(CC)esti-mation for grapevine and apple *** sensing data was collected using a con-sumer–grade small unmanned aerial system(UAS)with an RGB imaging sensor flying at different flight altitudes i.e.,15 m(Ground sampling distance,GSD=0.45 cm pixel^(-1) at 65°sensor inclination),30 m(0.90 and 0.85 cm pixel^(-1) at 65°and 75°,respectively),45 m(1.35 and 1.27 cm pixel^(-1) at 65°and 75°,respectively)and 60 m(1.81 and 1.69 cm pixel^(-1) at 65°and 75°,respectively).Crop surface model(CSM)was derived from such data to esti-mate canopy height,width and foliage vigor,which are further used to estimate TRV,LWA,CV and *** ground measured and aerial imagery estimated TRV had a strong relation-ship with the data collected at the lowest GSD within grapevine canopies(R^(2)=0.77 at 0.45 cm pixel^(-1)as well as for apple canopies(R^(2)=0.82 at 0.90 cm pixel^(-1).Similar trends were observed for the LWA(R^(2)=0.77 and 0.86),CV(R^(2)=0.43 and 0.64)and CC(R^(2)=0.61 and 0.68)estimates for grapevine and apple canopies,*** GSD(≥0.45 cm pixel^(-1) in grapevine and≥0.90 cm pixel^(-1) in apple)resulted in a weak relationship between ground measurements and aerial imagery data-based estimates for grapevines(R^(2)=0.36)and apple canopies(R^(2)=0.39–0.78).Overall,the aerial flights with lower GSD and double grid missions with RGB imaging sensor in 65°orientation aided in the develo

关键词： Unmanned aerial system Photogrammetry Tree-row-volume Leaf-wall-area Canopy cover Prescription maps

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苹果树

苹果树

苹果产品零部件全球供应商分布变化数据集(2012-2021)

丛书名：英汉对照文学读物

1963年

作者：（英）高尔斯华绥（j.Galsworthy）黄子祥译注

本书描述了一个资产阶级青年知识分子的恋爱故事。

ISBN: (纸本)9017·439

本书描述了一个资产阶级青年知识分子的恋爱故事。

关键词：语言、文字常用外国语

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全球变化数据学报（中英文） 2023年第3期7卷 290-297,402-409页

作者：康江江宁越敏上海社会科学院应用经济研究所上海200020 华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院上海200241

作者利用2012–2021年苹果公司产品零部件供应商名单及其子公司地址数据,将其映射到所在国家和城市,并通过对零部件进行价值链等级划分,形成苹果产品零部件全球价值链分布和变化总体数据。同时,作者利用赫芬达尔指数、区位熵等方法进一... 详细信息

作者利用2012–2021年苹果公司产品零部件供应商名单及其子公司地址数据,将其映射到所在国家和城市,并通过对零部件进行价值链等级划分,形成苹果产品零部件全球价值链分布和变化总体数据。同时,作者利用赫芬达尔指数、区位熵等方法进一步刻画分布集中程度、不同国家或地区在其中的位置以及不同价值链环节的微观分布特征,并形成相应的数据集。数据集采用.xlsx表格存储,数据量为876 KB,数据集包括:(1)2012–2021年苹果产品零部件供应商总部所在地与产品价值链分级;(2)2012–2021苹果供应商子公司所在地与产品价值链分级;(3)2012–2021年苹果产品零部件供应商累计分布状况;(4)2012–2021年苹果产品零部件价值链不同环节赫芬达尔指数变化;(5)2012–2021年不同国家和地区的供应商子公司分布区位熵;(6)2012–2021年苹果产品零部件全球价值链微观分布变化。

关键词：供应商供应商子公司全球价值链苹果产品零部件

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苹果集约栽培基础

苹果集约栽培基础

L-苹果酸的生理功能及其在反刍动物生产应用中的研究进展

1981年

作者：（英）拉姆（j.G.D.Lamb）蒲富慎译

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中国畜牧兽医 2016年第7期43卷 1916-1921页

作者：梁静张文举王博石河子大学动物科技学院石河子832000

L-苹果酸广泛存在于苹果、梨等水果中,是三羧酸循环的重要成员之一。L-苹果酸口感接近天然苹果的酸味,具有酸度大、味道柔和、滞留时间长等特点,目前已广泛应用于高档饮料、食品行业。在畜牧生产中,L-苹果酸常被用作酸化剂和病原微生物... 详细信息

L-苹果酸广泛存在于苹果、梨等水果中,是三羧酸循环的重要成员之一。L-苹果酸口感接近天然苹果的酸味,具有酸度大、味道柔和、滞留时间长等特点,目前已广泛应用于高档饮料、食品行业。在畜牧生产中,L-苹果酸常被用作酸化剂和病原微生物的抑制剂,通过刺激反刍兽新月形单胞菌对乳酸的利用、丙酸产生和CO2浓度增加,防止瘤胃酸中毒,进而提高日粮能量的利用率和动物的生产性能。作者主要从L-苹果酸的生理功能和其在反刍动物生产应用中的研究进行概括和总结,以期为L-苹果酸在反刍动物生产中合理高效应用提供科学的理论依据。

关键词： L-苹果酸生理功能反刍动物生产应用