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Ultra-high-aspect-ratio structures through silicon using infrared laser pulses focused with axicon-lens doublets

Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第3期5卷 1-15页

作者： Niladri ganguly Pol Sopena david grojo Aix-Marseille University CNRSLP3 UMR 7341F-13009 MarseilleFrance

We describe how a direct combination of an axicon and a lens can represent a simple and efficient beam-shaping solution for laser material processing *** produce high-angle pseudo-Bessel micro-beams at 1550 nm,which would be difficult to produce by other *** with appropriate stretching of femtosecond pulses,we access optimized conditions inside semiconductors allowing us to develop high-aspect-ratio refractive-index writing *** ultrafast microscopy techniques,we characterize the delivered local intensities and the triggered ionization dynamics inside silicon with 200-fs and 50-ps *** similar plasma densities are produced in both cases,we show that repeated picosecond irradiation induces permanent modifications spontaneously growing shot-after-shot in the direction of the laser beam from front-surface damage to the back side of irradiated silicon *** conditions for direct microexplosion and microchannel drilling similar to those today demonstrated for dielectrics still remain ***,this work evidences higher energy densities than those previously achieved in semiconductors and a novel percussion writing modality to create structures in silicon with aspect ratios exceeding~700 without any motion of the *** estimated transient change of conductivity and measured ionization fronts at near luminal speed along the observed microplasma channels support the vision of vertical electrical connections optically controllable at gHz repetition *** permanent silicon modifications obtained by percussion writing are light-guiding structures according to a measured positive refractive index change exceeding *** findings open the door to unique monolithic solutions for electrical and optical through-silicon-vias which are key elements for vertical interconnections in 3D chip stacks.

关键词： Beam-shaping Infrared ultrafast laser Silicon processing Through-silicon-via

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The effect of slime accumulated in a long-term operating UASB using crude glycerol to treat S-rich wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 353-366页

作者： Xudong Zhou Eva Fernández-Palacios Antoni DDorado Javier Lafuente Xavier gamisans david gabriel Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China gENOCOV research group Department of ChemicalBiological and Environmental EngineeringEscola d’EnginyeriaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BellaterraSpain Department of Mining Industrial and ICT EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaAvinguda de les Bases de Manresa 61-7308242 ManresaSpain

An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor targeting sulfate reduction was operated under a constant TOC/S-SO2-4ratio of 1.5±0.3 g C/g S for 639 days using crude glycerol as carbon source.A filamentous and fluffy flocculant material,namely slime-like substances(SLS),was gradually accumulated in the bioreactor after the cease of methanogenic *** accumulation of SLS was followed by a decrease in the removal efficiencies and a deterioration in the *** characteristics of SLS were investigated to explore the causes of its formation and the effect of SLS on the UASB *** showed that glycerol fermentation and sulfate reduction processes taking place in the reactor were mainly accomplished in the bottom part of the UASB reactor,as the sludge concentration in the bottom was *** accumulation of SLS in the UASB reactor caused sludge flotation that further led to biomass washout,which decreased the sulfate and glycerol removal *** activity tests performed with granular sludge(gS),slime-covered granular sludge(SCgS)and SLS showed that there was no difference between gS and SLS in the mechanism of glycerol fermentation and sulfate ***,the specific sulfate reduction rate of gS was higher than that of SLS,while SLS showed a higher glycerol fermentation rate than that of *** different rates in gS and SLS were attributed to the higher relative abundances of fermentative microorganisms found in SLS and higher relative abundances of sulfate reducing bacteria(SrB)found in gS.

关键词： Sludge flotation granular sludge Slime-like substances glycerol fermentation Sulfate reduction removal efficiency

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A metabolic signalling role for arginine in liver cancer

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Life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 1-3页

作者： david Sokolov Lucas B.Sullivan Human Biology Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWA 98109United States

In addition to their canonical roles in biosynthetic pathways,metabolites can be active participants in oncogenic signal-ling,but our understanding of these signalling mechanisms is *** a recent article published in Cell,Mossmann et *** a novel signalling role for accumulated arginine in hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC)mediated by the rNA splicing factor and transcriptional modifier rNA-binding protein 39(rBM39).

关键词： incomplete cancer

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A mediation system for continuous spatial queries on a unified schema using Apache Spark

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Big Earth Data 2024年第1期8卷 115-141页

作者： Thi Thu Trang Ngo François Pinet david Sarramia Myoung-Ah Kang UniversitéClermont Auvergne ISIMAAubièreFrance UniversitéClermont Auvergne INRAEUR TSCFClermont-FerrandFrance UniversitéClermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3LPCClermont-FerrandFrance

recent advances in big and streaming data systems have enabled real-time analysis of data generated by Internet of Things(IoT)systems and sensors in various *** this context,many applications require integrating data from several heterogeneous sources,either stream or static *** such as Apache Spark are able to integrate and process large datasets from different ***,these frameworks are hard to use when the data sources are heterogeneous and *** address this issue,we propose a system based on mediation techniques for integrating stream and static data *** integration process of our system consists of three main steps:configuration,query expression and query *** the configuration step,an administrator designs a mediated schema and defines mapping between the mediated schema and local data *** the query expression step,users express queries using customized SQL grammar on the mediated ***,our system rewrites the query into an optimized Spark application and submits the application to a Spark *** results are continuously returned to *** experiments show that our optimizations can improve query execution time by up to one order of magnitude,making complex streaming and spatial data analysis more accessible.

关键词： Streaming data streaming data integration mediator geospatial data continuous queries

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A novel simple procedure to consider seismic soil structure interaction effects in 2D models

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第3期13卷 535-543页

作者： Juan Diego Jaramillo Juan david gómez Doriam restrepo Santiago rivera Universidad EAFIT Medellín Colombia INTEgrAL S.A Medellín Colombia

A method is proposed to estimate the seismic soil-structure-interaction （SSI） effects for use in engineering practice. It is applicable to 2D structures subjected to vertically incident shear waves supported by homogenous half-spaces. The method is attractive since it keeps the simplicity of the spectral approach, overcomes some of the difficulties and inaccuracies of existing classical techniques and yet it considers a physically consistent excitation. This level of simplicity is achieved through a response spectra modification factor that can be applied to the free-field 5%-damped response spectra to yield design spectral ordinates that take into account the scattered motions introduced by the interaction effects. The modification factor is representative of the Transfer Function （TF） between the structural relative displacements and the free- field motion, which is described in terms of its maximum amplitude and associated frequency. Expressions to compute the modification factor by practicing engineers are proposed based upon a parametric study using 576 cases representative of actual structures. The method is tested in 10 cases spanning a wide range of common fundamental vibration periods.

关键词： seismic soil structure interaction simplified procedures modified response spectra

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Simulation of the SMILE Soft X-ray Imager response to a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 39-46页

作者： Andrey Samsonov graziella Branduardi-raymont Steven Sembay Andrew read david Sibeck Lutz rastaetter Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorking RH56NTUK Leicester University Leicester LE17RHUK goddard Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMD 20771USA

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)will shine a spotlight on magnetopause dynamics during magnetic *** simulate an event with a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning and produce SXI count maps with a 5-minute integration *** making assumptions about the magnetopause shape,we find the magnetopause standoff distance from the count maps and compare it with the one obtained directly from the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)*** root mean square deviations between the reconstructed and MHD standoff distances do not exceed 0.2 rE(Earth radius)and the maximal difference equals 0.24 rE during the 25-minute interval around the southward turning.

关键词： magnetopause magnetic reconnection solar wind charge exchange southward interplanetary magnetic field numerical modeling Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE) Soft X-ray Imager

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Efficiency improvement by using metal–insulator‑semiconductor structure in IngaN/gaN micro‑light‑emitting diodes

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第1期17卷 77-84页

作者： Jian Yin david Hwang Hossein Zamani Siboni Ehsanollah Fathi reza Chaji Dayan Ban Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Waterloo Institute NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Vuereal InC. 440 Philip StreetUnit 100WaterlooON N2L 5R9Canada

IngaN/gaN micro-light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)with a metal–insulator-semiconductor(MIS)structure on the sidewall are proposed to improve *** this MIS structure,a sidewall electrode is deposited on the insulating layer-coated sidewall of the device mesa between a cathode on the bottom and an anode on the ***(EL)measurements of fabricated devices with a mesa diameter of 10μm show that the application of negative biases on the sidewall electrode can increase the device external quantum efficiency(EQE).In contrast,the application of positive biases can decrease the *** band structure analysis reveals that the EQE is impacted because the application of sidewall electric fields manipulates the local surface electron density along the mesa sidewall and thus controls surface Shockley–read–Hall(SrH)*** suggested strategies,reducing insulator layer thickness and exploring alternative materials,can be implemented to further improve the EQE of MIS micro-LEDs in future fabrication.

关键词： Micro-LED gaN EQE improvement Micro-fabrication

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Statistical evaluation of 571 gaAs quantum point contact transistors showing the 0.7 anomaly in quantized conductance using cryogenic on-chip multiplexing

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Chip 2024年第3期3卷 21-28页

作者： Pengcheng Ma Kaveh Delfanazari reuben K.Puddy Jiahui Li Moda Cao Teng Yi Jonathan P.griffiths Harvey E.Beere david A.ritchie Michael J.Kelly Charles g.Smith Cavendish Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUK James Watt School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK Electrical Engineering Division University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FAUK

Themass production and the practical number of cryogenic quantum devices producible in a single chip are limited to the number of electrical contact pads and wiring of the cryostat or dilution *** is,therefore,beneficial to contrast themeasurements of hundreds of devices fabricated in a single chip in one cooldown process to promote the scalability,integrability,reliability,and reproducibility of quantum devices and to save evaluation time,cost and ***,we used a cryogenic on-chip multiplexer architecture and investigated the statistics of the 0.7 anomaly observed on the first three plateaus of the quantized conductance of semiconductor quantum point contact(QPC)*** single chips contain 256 split gate field-effect QPC transistors(QFET)each,with two 16-branch multiplexed source-drain and gate pads,allowing individual transistors to be selected,addressed and controlled through an electrostatic gate voltage process.A total of 1280 quantum transistors with nano-scale dimensions are patterned in 5 different chips of gaAs *** the measurements of 571 functioning QFETs taken at temperatures T[1.4 K and T[40 mK,it is found that the spontaneous polarisation model and Kondo effect do not fit our ***,some of the features in our data largely agreed with van Hove model with short-range *** approach provides further insight into the quantum mechanical properties and microscopic origin of the 0.7 anomaly in QFETs,paving the way for the development of semiconducting quantum circuits and integrated cryogenic electronics,for scalable quantum logic control,readout,synthesis,and processing applications.

关键词： Cryogenic chip Cryogenic quantum multiplexer Semi-conductor quantum integrated circuit Quantumﬁeld effect transistors Quantum point contacts Chip-scale cryogenic electronics

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Oryza CLIMtools:A genome–environment association resource reveals adaptive roles for heterotrimeric g proteins in the regulation of rice agronomic traits

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Plant Communications 2024年第4期5卷 145-165页

作者： Angel Ferrero-Serrano david Chakravorty Kobie J.Kirven Sarah M.Assmann Biology Department Pennsylvania State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Intercollege graduate Degree Program in Bioinformatics and genomics Pennsylvania State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Modern crop varieties display a degree of mismatch between their current distributions and the suitability of the local climate for their *** address this issue,we present Oryza CLIMtools(https://***/CLIMtools/oryza_v1.0/),thefirst resource for pan-genome prediction of climate-associated genetic variants in a crop *** CLIMtools consists of interactive web-based databases that enable the user to(1)explore the local environments of traditional rice varieties(landraces)in South-East Asia and(2)investigate the environment by genome associations for 658 Indica and 283 Japonica rice landrace accessions collected from georeferenced local environments and included in the 3K rice ge-nomes *** demonstrate the value of these resources by identifying an interplay betweenflowering time and temperature in the local environment that is facilitated by adaptive natural variation in OsHD2 and disrupted by a natural variant in *** quantitative trait locus analysis has suggested the impor-tance of heterotrimeric g proteins in the control of agronomic ***,we analyzed the climate associations of natural variants in the different heterotrimeric g protein *** identified a coordi-nated role of g proteins in adaptation to the prevailing potential evapotranspiration gradient and revealed their regulation of key agronomic traits,including plant height and seed and panicle *** conclude by highlighting the prospect of targeting heterotrimeric g proteins to produce climate-resilient crops.

关键词： Oryza sativa rice g by E adaptation flowering time gWAS OsHD2 OsSOC1 heterotrimeric g pro-tein OsrgA1 d1 OsgS3 OsDEP1 OsggC2

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Everything is Primitive Accumulation?

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2024年第2期17卷 337-360页

作者： david S.Pena Joel Wendland-Liu Palm Beach State College Palm Beach GardensFLUSA grand Valley State University AllendaleMIUSA

This paper explores the Marxist concept of primitive accumulation and its relationship to capitalist development. Primitive accumulation occurs as a historical process before the complete emergence of capitalism as the dominant mode of production. Primitive accumulation is distinguished from other forms of exploitation employed by capitalist societies to spread capitalism into non-capitalist regions. An exploration of different interpretations of primitive accumulation within Marxist theory highlights the transition from primary accumulation to capitalist accumulation in specific contexts. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted nature of primitive accumulation and its significance in the development of capitalism. It argues that many uses of primitive accumulation in the present context are erroneous.

关键词： Marxism Primitive accumulation Origins of capitalism Political economy

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