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Phase field modeling with large driving forces

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 623-631页

作者： Jin Zhang Alexander f.Chadwick david L.Chopp Peter W.Voorhees Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

There is growing interest in applying phase field methods as quantitative tools in materials discovery and ***,large driving forces,common in many materials systems,lead to unstable phase field profiles,thus requiring fine spatial and temporal *** demands more computational resources,limits the ability to simulate systems with a suitable size,and deteriorates the capability of quantitative ***,we develop a strategy to map the driving force to a constant perpendicular to the *** with the third-order interpolation function,we find a stable phase field profile that is independent of the magnitude of the driving *** power of this approach is illustrated using three *** demonstrate that by using the driving force extension method,it is possible to employ a grid size orders of magnitude larger than traditional *** approach is general and should apply to many other phase field models.

关键词： forces interpolation apply

Geomechanical properties will constrain CO_(2)injection into the lower Ordovician Rose Run sandstone deep saline reservoir,Appalachian Basin,Kentucky,USA

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第5期13卷 947-960页

作者： John Richard Bowersox Stephen f.Greb Junfeng Zhu david C.Harris Kentucky Geological Survey University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506-0107USA

The Kentucky Geological Survey(KGS)1 Hanson Aggregates stratigraphic research well,Carter County,Kentucky,USA,was drilled to a total depth of 1474 m as a field-scale test of potential CO2 storage reservoir properties in the Central Appalachian *** properties of the Rose Run sandstone(upper Ordovician Knox group)were tested for its suitability as a storage reservoir.A 9.8-m thick section of the Rose Run was penetrated at 1000 m drilled depth and a whole-diameter core and rotary sidewall cores were *** porosity and permeability measured in core plugs were 9.1%and 44.6 mD,*** vertical stress gradient calculated in the wellbore was 26 MPa/*** fractures in dolomites underlying and overlying the Rose Run follow the contemporary N53E Appalachian Basin stress *** Rose Run elastic geomechanical properties were calibrated to values measured in core plugs to evaluate its fracturing risk as a CO2 storage *** Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio values of the Rose Run were 45 GPa and 0.23,respectively,whereas Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio values were 77.1 GPa and 0.28,respectively,in the overlying Beekmantown dolomite,suggesting the Rose Run may fracture if overpressured during CO2 injection but be confined by the *** compressive strength measured in core plugs found the Rose Run and Beekmantown fractured at mean axial stresses of 156.5 MPa and 282.2 MPa,respectively,confirming the Beekmantown as suitable for confining CO2 injected into the Rose Run.A step-rate test was conducted in a mechanically-isolated 18.6-m interval bracketing the Rose *** Rose Run reservoir pressure was 9.3 MPa,and fracture gradient under injection was 13.6 MPa/km,suggesting step-rate testing before CO2 injection,and subsequent pressure monitoring to ensure *** the region around the KGS 1 Hanson Aggregates well is underpressured and adjacent to faulted Precambrian basement,further research is neede

关键词： Appalachian Basin Rose Run sandstone Geomechanics Carbon sequestration Step-rate testing

Analysis of gateroad stability at two longwall mines based on field monitoring results and numerical model analysis

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第1期29卷 35-43页

作者： Gabriel S.Esterhuizen david f.Gearhart Ted Klemetti heather Dougherty Mark van Dyke National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Coal mine longwall gateroads are subject to changing loading conditions induced by the advancing longwall face. The ground response and support requirements are closely related to the magnitude and orientation of the stress changes, as well as the local geology. This paper presents the monitoring results of gateroad response and support performance at two longwall mines at a 180-m and 600-m depth of *** the first mine, a three-entry gateroad layout was used. The second mine used a four-entry, yieldabutment-yield gateroad pillar system. Local ground deformation and support response were monitored at both sites. The monitoring period started during the development stage and continued during first panel retreat and up to second panel retreat. The two data sets were used to compare the response of the entries in two very different geotechnical settings and different gateroad layouts. The monitoring results were used to validate numerical models that simulate the loading conditions and entry response for these widely differing conditions. The validated models were used to compare the load path and ground response at the two mines. This paper demonstrates the potential for numerical models to assist mine engineers in optimizing longwall layouts and gateroad support systems.

关键词： Coal mining Longwall Gateroad Support Numerical models

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Surgical Area at the Kara Teaching Hospital

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Surgical Science 2024年第2期15卷 48-53页

作者： Tamegnon Dossouvi Tchaa Hodabalo Towoezim Efoé-Ga Olivier Amouzou Kokou Kouliwa Kanassoua Irokoura Kassagne Ayi Amavi Abossisso Sakiye Komlan Adabra Ekoué david Dosseh Department of General Surgery Dapaong Regional Hospital Center Dapaong Togo Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology Kara Teaching Hospital Kara Togo Department of General Surgery Kara Regional Hospital Center Kara Togo Department of General Surgery Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Lomé Togo

Objective: To report the management of skin and soft tissue infections in the surgical area of Kara University Hospital in Togo. Material and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, in the general surgery and orthopedic trauma departments. The study focused on soft tissue infections of the pelvic and thoracic limbs and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary data. Results: We registered 165 patients, comprising 109 men and 56 *** sex ratio (f/H) were 0.51. The mean age was 45 years with extremes ranging from 23 to 90 years. farmers (64.8%) followed by housewives (34.0%) were the social strata most affected. The consultation period varied between 1 and 90 days. The pathologies found were necrotizing fasciitis (53.3%), erysipelas (18.2%), infected limb wounds (12.1%), pyomyositis (9.7%), and necrotizing dermo-hypodermitis (1.8%). The main procedures performed were necrosectomy and grafting (62.9%), sample necrosectomy (18.8%), drainage (9.7%), and pelvic limb amputation (1.2%). follow-up was favorable in 86.7% of cases. The study noted a death rate of 13.3% due to septic shock secondary to a delay in consultation. Conclusion: Skin and soft tissue infections were a common reason for surgical hospitalization at Kara University Hospital, with a high mortality rate due to delayed consultations.

关键词： Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Necrotizing fasciitis Erysipelas Emergency

What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 255-263页

作者： Sarah P f Bonny Graham E Gardner david W Pethick Jean-franois Hocquette School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdoch W.A. 6150 Australia INRA UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France Clermont Université Vet Agro Sup UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France

The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat＇ are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time.

关键词： artificial meat in vitro meat meat industry consumer satisfaction sustainable production

Epidemiology and transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses in Kazakhstan

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第8期13卷 1204-1207页

作者： Zhannat Z Nurgalieva f Blaine Hollinger david Y Graham S Zhangabylova Abai Zhangabylov Department of faculty Therapy Kazakh National Medical University named after SD Asfendiarov Almaty Kazakhstan Department of Medicine VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX United States Department of MolecularVirology and Microbiology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX United States Department of Medicine VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX United States Department of faculty Therapy Kazakh National Medical University named after SD Asfendiarov Almaty Kazakhstan

AIM: To investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the two major ethnic groups in Kazakhstan. METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective study of HBV and HCV seroprevalence was performed among individuals born in Kazakhstan with no history of chronic hepatitis or liver disease. RESULTS: There were 290 volunteers (140 Russians and 150 Kazakhs) aged 10 to 64 years, males accounted for 46%. Active HBV infection (HBsAg positive) was present in 3.8%, anti-HBc in 30%. The prevalence was similar in females and males (33% vs 25%) (P = 0.18). The prevalence of anti-HBc increased from 19% in 10-29 years old volunteers to 53% in 50-years and older volunteers. The prevalence of HBV infection was higher in married than in single adults (38% vs 26%, respectively) (P = 0.2) and more common in Kazakhs (35%) than in Russians (24%) (P = 0.07). HCV infection was present in 9 subjects (3.2%), 5 of them also were positive for anti-HBc in the absence of HBsAg. CONCLUSION: The frequency of active HBV infection (3.8%) coupled with a high prevalence of HBV exposure in those > 50 years of age increases with age, which suggests that horizontal transmission likely relates tothe use of contaminated needles. The low prevalence of HCV infection suggests that HBV and HCV are acquired differently in this group of subjects.

关键词： Viral hepatitis B Viral hepatitis C Hepatitis B virus Transmission Epidemiology Sero-epidemiology Kazakhstan

Evolving role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease:Going beyond diagnosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第20期27卷 2521-2530页

作者： Paulina Núñez f Noa Krugliak Cleveland Rodrigo Quera david T Rubin Department of Gastroenterology Inflammatory Bowel Disease ProgramClinica Universidad de los AndesSantiago 7620157RMChile Department of Gastroenterology Hospital San Juan de DiosSantiago 8350488RMChile University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center ChicagoIL 60637United States

Inflammatory bowel disease,encompassing Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis,are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract with periods of activity and *** body of evidence exist to strengthen the prognostic role of endoscopic evaluation for both disease activity and severity and it remains the gold standard for the assessment of mucosal *** healing has been associated with improved clinical outcomes with prolonged remission,decreased hospitalization,IBD-related surgeries and colorectal cancer ***,endoscopic objectives in IBD have been incorporated as part of standard *** the known increased risk of colorectal cancer in IBD,although prevention strategies continue to develop,regular surveillance for early detection of neoplasia continue to be paramount in IBD patients’*** is thanks to evolving technology and visualization techniques that surveillance strategies are continuously *** endoscopic options in IBD have also been expanding,from surgery sparing therapies such as balloon dilation of fibrostenotic strictures in CD to endoscopic mucosal resection of neoplastic *** this review article,we discuss the current evidence on the use of endoscopy as part of standard of care of IBD,its role in surveillance of neoplasia,and the role of interventional endoscopic therapies.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Endoscopy Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Therapeutic endoscopy Surveillance

Technological developments enable measuring and using patientreported outcomes data in orthopaedic clinical practice

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第12期11卷 584-594页

作者： david f Hamilton Johannes M Giesinger Karlmeinrad Giesinger School of Health and Social Care Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburgh EH114BNUnited Kingdom University Hospital of Psychiatry II Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Kantonsspital St GallenSt Gallen 9000Switzerland

Patient-reported outcomes measures form the backbone of outcomes evaluation in orthopaedics,with most of the literature now relying on these scoring tools to measure change in patient health *** patient-reported information is increasingly collected routinely by orthopaedic providers but use of the data is typically restricted to academic *** in electronic data capture and the outcome tools themselves now allow use of this data as part of the clinical *** review evaluates the role of patient reported outcomes data as a tool to enhance daily orthopaedic clinical practice,and documents how developments in electronic outcome measures,computer-adaptive questionnaire design and instant graphical display of questionnaire can facilitate enhanced patientclinician shared decision making.

关键词： Patient reported outcome measures Electronic patient-reported outcome Computer adaptive design Outcomes evaluation

Quantitative analysis of the impact of droughts and floods on internal wars in China over the last 500 years

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第12期60卷 2078-2088页

作者： Harry f.LEE david D.ZHANG PEI Qing JIA Xin Ricci P.H.YUE Department of Geography and International Center for China Development Studies The University of Hong Kong School of Geographical Sciences Guangzhou University Department of Social Sciences The Education University of Hong Kong School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University

Although many large-N quantitative studies have evidenced the adverse effects of climatic extremes on social stability in China during the historical period, most of them rely on temperature and precipitation as major explanatory variables, while the influence of floods and droughts on social crises is rarely measured. furthermore, a comparison of the climate-society nexus among different geographic regions and at different temporal scales is missing in those studies. To address this knowledge gap,this study examines quantitatively the influence of floods and droughts on internal wars in three agro-ecological(rice, wheat,and pastoral) regions in China in AD1470–1911. Poisson regression and wavelet transform coherence analyses are applied to allow for the non-linear and non-stationary nature of the climate-war nexus. Results show that floods and droughts are significant in driving internal wars in historical China, but are characterized by strong regional variation. In the rice region, floods trigger internal wars at the inter-annual and multi-decadal time scales. In the wheat region, both floods and droughts cause internal wars at the inter-annual and multi-decadal time scales. In the pastoral region, internal wars are associated with floods only at the multi-decadal time scale. In addition, the multi-decadal coherence between hydro-climatic extremes and internal wars in all three of the agro-ecological regions is only significant in periods in which population density is increasing or the upper limit of regional carrying capacity is being reached. The above results imply that the climate-war nexus is mediated by regional geographic factors such as physical environmental setting and population pressure. Hence, we encourage researchers who study the historical human-climate relationship to boil down data according to geographic regions in the course of statistical analysis and to examine each region individually in follow-up studies.

关键词： floods and droughts Climatic extremes Internal wars Wars Social stability Ming-Qing period