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Source-to-Source Tra.sla.ion a.d Softwa.e Engineering

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Journa. of Softwa.e Engineering a.d a.plica.ions 2013年第4期6卷 30-40页

作者： david a. Pla.sted Depa.tment of Computer Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill USA

Source-to-source tra.sla.ion of progra.s from one high level la.gua.e to a.other ha. been shown to be a. effective a.d to progra.ming in ma.y ca.es. By the use of this a.proa.h, it is sometimes possible to produce softwa.e more chea.ly a.d relia.ly. However, the full potentia. of this technique ha. not yet been rea.ized. It is proposed to ma.e source-to-source tra.sla.ion more effective by the use of a.stra.t la.gua.es, which a.e impera.ive la.gua.es with a.simple synta. a.d sema.tics tha. fa.ilita.e their tra.sla.ion into ma.y different la.gua.es. By the use of such a.stra.t la.gua.es a.d by tra.sla.ing only often-used fra.ments of progra.s ra.her tha. whole progra.s, the need to a.oid writing the sa.e progra. or a.gorithm over a.d over a.a.n in different la.gua.es ca. be reduced. It is further proposed tha. progra.mers be encoura.ed to write often-used a.gorithms a.d progra. fra.ments in such a.stra.t la.gua.es. Libra.ies of such a.stra.t progra.s a.d progra. fra.ments ca. then be constructed, a.d progra.mers ca. be encoura.ed to ma.e use of such libra.ies by tra.sla.ing their a.stra.t progra.s into a.plica.ion la.gua.es a.d a.ding code to join things together when coding in va.ious a.plica.ion la.gua.es. This a.proa.h ca. a.so improve progra. relia.ility, beca.se it is only necessa.y to verify the a.stra.t progra.s once instea. of verifying them sepa.a.ely in ea.h a.plica.ion la.gua.e. a.so, this a.proa.h ma.es it possible to genera.e code fa.ter tha. progra.ming from scra.ch ea.h time. This a.proa.h is compa.ed to the use of libra.ies a.d to other methods in current use for communica.ion between progra.ming la.gua.es a.d tra.sla.ion between la.gua.es.

关键词： Source-to-Source Tra.sla.ion Libra.ies Lega.y Code

Is a.ipocyte Differentia.ion the Defa.lt Linea.e for Mesenchyma. Stem/Progenitor Cells a.ter Loss of Mecha.ica. Loa.ing? a.Perspective from Spa.e Flight a.d Model Systems

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Journa. of Biomedica. Science a.d Engineering 2014年第10期7卷 799-808页

作者： david a. Ha.t McCa.g Institute for Bone & Joint Hea.th University of Ca.ga.y Calgary Canada

Mesenchyma. stem/progenitor cells (MSC/MPC) a.e found in ma.y tissues a.d fluids including bone ma.row, a.ipose tissues, muscle, synovia. membra.es, synovia. fluid, a.d blood. Such cells from different sources ca. prolifera.e a.d differentia.e into different linea.es (e.g. osteogenic, chondrogenic a.d a.ipogenic) a.ter suita.le stimula.ion. However, deta.ls rega.ding the regula.ion of MSC/MPC prolifera.ion a.d differentia.ion sta.us a.e still unclea. a.d it is likely tha. regula.ion involves both biologica. a.d mecha.ica. influences in the different environments. It ha. been noted tha. in huma.s a.d preclinica. a.ima. models tha. exposure to microgra.ity/spa.e flight or prolonged bed rest (a.surroga.e for microgra.ity) ca. lea. to infiltra.ion of skeleta. muscle a.d bone ma.row with fa.. Simila.ly, in preclinica. models trea.ed with multiple intra.uscula. injections of Botulinum Toxin a.to induce muscle wea.ness a.d a.rophy, there is a.so a. infiltra.ion of the muscle with fa.. The origins a.d ba.is for these fa. deposits a.e la.gely unknown, but there is a.possibility tha. the a.tered mecha.ica. a.d biologica. environments lea. to dysregula.ion of MSC/MPC a.d progression to preferentia. differentia.ion towa.ds the a.ipocyte linea.e. Furthermore, loss of MSC regula.ory control by either mecha.ica. a.d/or biologica. fa.tors ma. a.so contribute to their involvement in obesity development a.d progression. Thus, the utility of using MSC/MPC from some sources for tissue engineering purposes ma. be compromised a.d further resea.ch rega.ding optima. loa.ing for tissue engineering purposes is likely wa.ra.ted.

关键词： Mesenchyma. Stem Cells a.ipose-Linea.e Microgra.ity Bed Rest Muscle Wea.ness MSC Regula.ion a.ipose Tissue

Va.ua.ion of Stock Loa.s Under a.Ma.kov Cha.n Model

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Journa. of Systems Science & Complexity 2016年第1期29卷 171-186页

作者： PRa.ER david ZHa.G Qing Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics Anderson University Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics The University of Georgia

In recent yea.s the use of Ma.kov cha.n models to model stock price movement ha. received increa.ed a.tention a.ong *** cha.n models combine the discrete movements of a.binomia. tree model while reta.ning the Ma.kovia. properties of Brownia. motion,thus a.lowing the best properties of both of these *** this pa.er,the a.thors consider a.Ma.kov cha.n model in which the underlying ma.ket is solely determined by a.two-sta.e Ma.kov *** a.Ma.kov cha.n model is strikingly simple a.d yet a.pea.s ca.a.le of ca.turing va.ious ma.ket *** proper selection of pa.a.eters,the Ma.kov cha.n model ca. produce sa.ple pa.hs tha. a.e very simila. *** very distinct from a.cla.sica. Brownia. motion,a. the a.thors demonstra.e in this *** pa.er studies the stock loa. va.ua.ion,or the va.ue of a.loa. in which a.risky sha.e of stock is used a. colla.era.,under such a.*** progra.ming equa.ions in terms of va.ia.iona. inequa.ities a.e used to ca.ture the dyna.ics of the *** equa.ions a.e solved in *** optima. solutions a.e *** exa.ples a.e a.so reported to illustra.e the results.

关键词： Closed-form solution Ma.kov cha.n model stock loa.

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TOPOLOGY a.D Ca.Ca.ING LINE OUTa.ES IN POWER GRIDS

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Journa. of Systems Science a.d Systems Engineering 2007年第2期16卷 202-221页

作者： david L. PEPYNE University of Ma.sa.husetts Amherst MA USA

Motiva.ed by the sma.l world network resea.ch of Wa.ts ＆ Stroga.z, this pa.er studies rela.ionships between topology a.d ca.ca.ing line outa.es in electric power grids. Ca.ca.ing line outa.es a.e a.type of ca.ca.ing colla.se tha. ca. occur in power grids when the tra.smission network is congested. It is cha.a.terized by a.self-susta.ning sequence of line outa.es followed by grid brea.up, which genera.ly lea.s to widesprea. bla.kout. The ma.n findings of this work a.e twofold： On one ha.d, the work suggests tha. topologies with more disorder in their interconnection topology tend to be robust with respect to ca.ca.ing line outa.es in the sense of being a.le to support grea.er genera.ion a.d dema.d levels tha. more regula.ly interconnected topologies. On the other ha.d, the work suggests tha. topologies with more disorder tend to be more fra.ile in tha. should a.ca.ca.e get sta.ted, they tend to brea. a.a.t a.ter fewer outa.es tha. more regula.ly interconnected topologies. Thus, a. ha. been observed in other complex networks, there a.pea.s to be a.tra.eoff between robustness a.d fra.ility. These results were esta.lished using synthetica.ly genera.ed power grid topologies a.d verified using the IEEE 57 bus a.d 188 bus power grid test ca.es.

关键词： Power grid bla.kout ca.ca.ing line fa.lure complex networks robust yet fra.ile

Cellula. a.toma.a.modelling of pha.e-cha.ge memories

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Journa. of University of Science a.d Technology Beijing 2008年第4期15卷 444-450页

作者： Wa.hua.Yu david Wright School of Ma.eria.s Science a.d Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China School of Engineering Computer Science and Mathematics The University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QF UK

a.novel a.proa.h to modelling pha.e-tra.sition processes in pha.e cha.ge ma.eria.s used for optica. a.d electrica. da.a.stora.e a.plica.ions is presented. The model is ba.ed on a.cellula. a.toma.on （Ca. a.proa.h to predict crysta.liza.ion beha.iour tha. is linked to therma. a.d electrica. simula.ions to ena.le the study of the da.a.writing a.d era.ing processes. The Ca.a.proa.h is shown to be a.le to predict the evolution of the microstructure during the ra.id hea.ing a.d cooling cycles pertinent to da.a.stora.e technology, a.d ma.s crysta.liza.ion beha.iour on the na.osca.e. a.simple exa.ple ba.ed on possible future nonvola.ile pha.e-cha.ge ra.dom a.cess solid-sta.e memory is presented.

关键词： crysta.liza.ion bcha.iour cellula. a.toma.ion computer simula.ion memory da.a.stora.e modelling pha.e cha.ge

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a.a.ysis of a.cient ma.s extinction recoveries in ma.ine environments: genera.ing stra.egies for ma.a.ing outcomes of the current ma.s extinction

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Na.iona. Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： david J.Bottjer Depa.tment of Ea.th Sciences University of Southern California

The defining fea.ure of a.ma.s extinction a.d its a.socia.ed recovery is the globa. a.ount of extinction tha. occurred[1]. However, there is finer-sca.e deta.l to the story, a. seen in the ongoing modern ma.s extinction(the sixth ma.s extinction), which exhibits va.ia.le effects a.ong ma.ine ecosystems a.d environments, a.d hence geogra.hic a.ea. [1].

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Evidence for a.Potentia. “Knee-Eye-Bra.n a.is” Involved in Mobility a.d Na.iga.ion Control: Knee Injury a.d Obesity Ma. Disrupt a.is Integrity

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Journa. of Biomedica. Science a.d Engineering 2018年第3期11卷 37-44页

作者： david a. Ha.t Fa.ulty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada Depa.tment of Surgery University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada McCa.g Institute for Bone & Joint Hea.th University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada Bone & Joint Hea.th Stra.egic Clinica. Network Alberta Health Services Alberta Canada

Huma.s depend on the coordina.ed a.tivity of their lower extremities for mobility, a. essentia. fea.ure of Homo sa.iens. In a.dition, they use vision to use this mobility to successfully na.iga.e through their environment. During development, mobility a.pea.s to ma.ure first, a.d then it is coordina.ed with na.iga.ion. Thus, the two, mobility a.d na.iga.ion a.e likely interdependent in function. Recent studies ha.e indica.ed tha. compromising the integrity of the knee, a.centra. element of the lower extremity motion segment, ca. lea. to molecula. a.tera.ions in both the cornea.including the centra. cornea.where light pa.ses, a. well a. the interior of the eye (the vitreous humor). Not a.l insults to the knee lea. to reproducible a.tera.ions in the eye, indica.ing some specificity in the response. In a.dition, it wa. recently reported tha. a.tera.ions to the cells in the vitreous humor occur following dieta.y induction of obesity in a.ra. model. a. huma.s with obesity, a. well a. a.thritis of the knee a.e a. risk for ocula. involvement a.d exhibit a.tered ga.t cha.a.teristics, the clinica. a.d preclinica. da.a.ra.se the possibility of a.“knee-eye-bra.n a.is” to control or regula.e mobility a.d na.iga.ion. Better delinea.ion of such a. a.is could ha.e implica.ions for va.ia.ions in control during ma.ura.ion, a.d well a. during a.ing when vision a.d mobility ca. be compromised, with increa.ed risk for serious fa.ls a.d fa.lure to successfully na.iga.e the environment.

关键词： Knee Injury Eye Cornea Vitreous Humor Vitreous Humor Cells Obesity

Hybrid Conflict a.d Encirclement： Reconfigura.ion of Ea.tern Europe by Na.O, Tra.e Ba.riers, a.d a.Chinese Solution for Greece

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Interna.iona. Rela.ions a.d Diploma.y 2015年第8期3卷 497-510页

作者： david a. Jones University of Wa.sa. Warsaw Poland

The Russia. Federa.ion unila.era.ly inva.ed the Republic of Ukra.ne＇s Crimea. Peninsula. then commenced to occupy more of Ea.tern Ukra.ne on the tra.spa.ent pretext of protecting Russia. spea.ers in 2014, using ma.ked ＂zombie＂ fighters but denied tha. they were uniformed Russia. soldiers, viola.ing severa. a.reements from 1954 to 1994 a.d legitima.e interna.iona. expecta.ions before a.d a.terwa.ds. Elections were held, seria.im, one a.ter a.other, contrived supposedly to reflect the wishes of ethnic Russia.s in cities a.ong Ukra.ne＇s ea.tern border, results of which triggered decla.a.ions by sepa.a.ists of ＂independence＂ followed by forma.ion of ＂people＇s republics＂ a. city sta.es. Wha. this signifies is a.cla.h of cultura. expecta.ions： of core va.ues, both in the hea.ts a.d minds of a.l pa.ties involved, a.d in the methods chosen by Russia. Federa.ion a.d Ukra.nia. independence movement lea.ers compa.ed with Western governments. If Russia.is revoking its tra.sfer of the Crimea.to Ukra.ne on a. a.sertion tha. such tra.sfer 60 yea.s ba.k wa. improvident then the Western a.lia.ce should respond by revoking the Potsda. Decla.a.ion a.d other a.reements investing Russia.with control of Krnigsberg （rena.ed Ka.iningra.） including the Trea.y of Pa.is, a.d possibly revoking commitments ma.e improvidently a. the Tehera. a.d Ya.ta.summit conferences, tra.sferring wha. wa. Ea.tern Pola.d west of the Curzon Line to the Soviet Union a.d eventua.ly to Ukra.ne. If the West will tolera.e a.Russia. siege of Crimea. it should forthwith impose a. a.lied siege of Ka.iningra. a.d occupy tha. obla.t immedia.ely, retuming Krnigsberg to sovereignty under Lithua.ia. or Polish a.d EU control with a.nexa.ion a. a.Na.O ba.e. Wha. the West with Na.O must do is to fight encirclement with encirclement including milita.y, informa.ion, economic, tra.e encirclement a. pa.t of wha. is termed ＂hybrid wa.fa.e＂. Stopping milita.y a.va.cement ea.twa.d into Europe is only one prong of the problem. a.other

关键词： China Crimea encirclement Greece Hybrid Wa.fa.e Ka.iningra. K/Snigsberg

Why Mesenchyma. Stem/Progenitor Cell Heterogeneity in Specific Environments? <br/>—Implica.ions for Tissue Engineering a.plica.ions Following Injury or Degenera.ion of Connective Tissues

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Journa. of Biomedica. Science a.d Engineering 2014年第8期7卷 526-532页

作者： david a. Ha.t McCa.g Institute for Bone & Joint Hea.th University of Ca.ga.y Calgary Canada

Mesenchyma. stem/progenitor cells (MSC/MPC) from a.va.iety of tissue sources (bone ma.row, a.ipose tissue, fa. pa.s, synovia. membra.es, synovia. fluid, skin, muscle a.d periostea. tissue) ha.e been widely a.plied for tissue engineering a.plica.ions to genera.e repla.ements for injured or degenera.ed tissues. a.terna.ively, they ha.e a.so been injected a. free cells in a. a.tempt to fa.ilita.e in vivo repa.r. Nea.ly a.l studies reported ha.e used mixed cell popula.ions of MSC/MPC, usua.ly defined by cell surfa.e phenotypes a.d/or functiona. a.ility to differentia.e towa.ds multiple cell linea.es. Using more deta.led cell surfa.e phenotyping a.d limiting dilution a.proa.hes to isola.e individua. MSC/MPC clones ha.e indica.ed tha. such mixed cell popula.ions a.e very heterogeneous. In a.dition subsets of cells from different sources ma. ha.e epigenetic modifica.ions. While it is clea. tha. MSC/MPC cells exhibit heterogeneity, the question of why this is the ca.e ha. not been well a.dressed. This review will a.dress some of these issues, a. well a. provide some insights into the implica.ions when using such diverse cells for tissue engineering a.plica.ions.

关键词： Mesenchyma. Stem/Progenitor Cells Cell Heterogeneity Tissue-Specific Heterogeneity Tissue Engineering