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A two-phase study evaluating the relationship between Thimerosal-containing vaccine administration and the risk for an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in the United States

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2013年第1期2卷 183-194页

作者： david a geier Brian S Hooker Janet K Kern Paul G King Lisa K Sykes Mark R geier The Institute of Chronic Illnesses Inc 14 Redgate CtSilver SpringMDUSA Simpson University ReddingCAUSA University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas DallasTXUSA CoMeD Inc Silver SpringMDUSA

Background:Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is defined by standardized criteria of qualitative impairments in social interaction,qualitative impairments in communication,and restricted and stereotyped patterns of behavior,interests,and activities.A significant number of children diagnosed with ASD suffer a loss of previously-acquired skills,which is suggestive of neurodegeneration or a type of progressive encephalopathy with an etiological pathogenic basis occurring after *** date,the etiology of ASD remains under debate,however,many studies suggest toxicity,especially from mercury(Hg),in individuals diagnosed with an *** present study evaluated concerns about the toxic effects of organic-Hg exposure from Thimerosal(49.55%Hg by weight)in childhood vaccines by conducting a two-phased(hypothesis generating/hypothesis testing)study with documented exposure to varying levels of Thimerosal from ***:A hypothesis generating cohort study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between exposure to organic-Hg from a Thimerosal-containing Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular-Pertussis(DTaP)vaccine in comparison to a Thimerosal-free DTaP vaccine administered,from 1998 through 2000,for the risk of ASD as reported in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System(VAERS)database(phase I).A hypothesis testing case–control study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between organic-Hg exposure from Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccines administered at specific intervals in the first six months of life among cases diagnosed with an ASD and controls born between 1991 through 1999 in the Vaccine Safety Datalink(VSD)database(phase II).Results:In phase I,it was observed that there was a significantly increased risk ratio for the incidence of ASD reported following the Thimerosal-containing DTaP vaccine in comparison to the Thimerosal-free DTaP *** phase II,it was observed that cases diagnosed with an ASD were significantly more likely than controls to rece

关键词： Autism Ethylmercury Merthiolate Thimerosal Thiomersal Vaccine

Screening for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-when,who and how?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第35期27卷 5803-5821页

作者： Christoph G Dietrich Monika Rau Andreas geier Department of Internal Medicine Bethlehem Health CenterStolberg 52222Germany Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany Department of Medicine II University Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is becoming a frequent liver disease,especially in patients with metabolic syndrome and especially in Western *** of NAFLD comprise progressive fibrosis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** also represents an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease,extrahepatic neoplasia and other organ damage,such as renal *** the epidemiological importance of the disease,new developments in specific treatment of the disease and the wide availability of noninvasive techniques in estimating steatosis and fibrosis,NAFLD should be subject to screening programs,at least in countries with a high prevalence of the *** review discusses prerequisites for screening,cost-effectiveness,current guideline recommendations,suitability of techniques for screening and propositions for the following questions:Who should be screened?Who should perform screening?How should screening be performed?It is time for a screening program in patients at risk for NAFLD.

关键词： Screening Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Diabetes Liver fibrosis Cirrhosis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and COVID-19: Harmless companions or disease intensifier?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第2期29卷 367-377页

作者： Christoph G Dietrich Andreas geier Uta Merle Gastro-Praxis Wiesbaden Leberzentrum WiesbadenWiesbaden 65189Germany Division of Hepatology Department of Medicine IIUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburg 97080Germany Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany

The pandemics of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)*** liver function tests are frequent in COVID-19 and may influence liver damage in NAFLD,while preexisting liver damage from NAFLD may influence the course of ***,the prognostic relevance of this interaction,though,is *** is a risk factor for the presence of NAFLD as well as a severe course of *** studies reveal conflicting results regarding the influence of NAFLD presence on COVID-19 illness *** molecular similarities of cytokine pathways in both diseases,including postacute sequelae of COVID-19,suggest common pathways for chronic low-activity *** review will summarize existing data regarding the interaction of both diseases and discuss possible mechanisms of the influence of one disease on the other.

关键词： COVID-19 Postacute sequelae of COVID-19 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Inflammation Fatty liver

Morphology-and ion size-induced actuation of carbon nanotube architectures

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2018年第2期9卷 111-134,I0004页

作者： Sebastian M.geier Thorsten Mahrholz Peter Wierach Michael Sinapius aInstitute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems German Aerospace Center(DLR)BraunschweigGermany Institute of Adaptronics and Function Integration Technical University Carolo-Wilhelmina BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany

Future adaptive applications require lightweight and stiff materials with high active strain but low energy consumption.A suitable combination of these properties is offered by carbon nanotubebased *** made of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)are charged within an electrolyte,which results in an electrical field forming a double-layer of ions at their surfaces and a deflection of the papers can be *** now,there is no generally accepted theory for the actuation *** study focuses on the actuation mechanism of CNT papers,which represent architectures of randomly oriented *** samples are tested electrochemically in an in-plane set-up to detect the free *** elastic modulus of the CNT papers is analyzed in a tensile test *** influence of various ion sizes of water-based electrolytes is *** the tests,four parameters that have a significant influence on the mechanical performance of CNT papers were identified:the test conditions,the electrical charging,the microstructure and the ion *** of these influencing factors point to the mechanically weak inter-tube linking at which the actuation seems to take *** voltage-strain correlation suggests a combination of electrostatic and volumetric effects as the possible reason for CNT paper actuation.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes actuators carbon nanotube papers actuation mechanism ion size

Molecular changes in hepatic metabolism and transport incirrhosis and their functional importance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第1期22卷 72-88页

作者： Christoph G Dietrich Oliver Götze Andreas geier Bethlehem Center of Health Department of Internal MedicineD-52222 Stolberg(Rhineland)Germany University of Würzburg Division of HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IID-97080 WürzburgGermany

Liver cirrhosis is the common endpoint of many hepatic diseases and represents a relevant risk for liver failure and hepatocellular *** progress of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is accompanied by deteriorating liver *** review summarizes the regulatory and functional changes in phase Ⅰ and phaseⅡmetabolic enzymes as well as transport proteins and provides an overview regarding lipid and glucose metabolism in cirrhotic ***,phase Ⅰ enzymes are generally down regulated transcriptionally,while phaseⅡenzymes are mostly preserved transcriptionally but are reduced in their *** proteins are regulated in a specific way that resembles the molecular changes observed in obstructive *** and glucose metabolism are characterized by insulin resistance and catabolism,leading to the disturbance of energy expenditure and *** non-invasive tests,especially breath tests,for components of liver metabolism are *** heterogeneity and complexity of changes in hepatic metabolism complicate the assessment of liver function in individual ***,studies in humans are rare,and species differences preclude the transferability of data from rodents to *** clinical practice,some established global scores or criteria form the basis for the functional evaluation of patients with liver cirrhosis,but difficult treatment decisions such as selection for transplantation or resection require further research regarding the application of existing non-invasive tests and the development of more specific tests.

关键词： liver cirrhosis drug metabolism transport breath tests lipid metabolism glucose metabolism

BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF DISCRETELY STIFFENED COMPOSITE CURVED PANELS UNDER COMPRESSION AND SHEAR

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 1986年第4期7卷 315-326页

作者：童贤鑫 B.geier K.Rohwer West Germany Institute for Structural Mechanics ofCAE Institute for Structural Mechanics of DFVLR Beijing

An analytical method for the buckling discretely thin-wall stiffened composite curvedpanels under compression and shear is presented by use of finite strip-element *** the report a simplified scheme for complex displacement functions is *** that computation to be performed in real number algebra *** a simple andeasy way to satisify the boundary conditions is *** results are given and are in good agreement with available data.

关键词： exp BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF DISCRETELY STIFFENED COMPOSITE CURVED PANELS UNDER COMPRESSION AND SHEAR real

Origin of and therapeutic approach to cardiac syndrome X:Results of the proton pump inhibitor therapy for angina-like lingering pain trial (PITFALL trial)

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第42期14卷 6506-6512页

作者： Christoph G Dietrich Susanne Laupichler Sven Stanzel Ron Winograd Oliver Al-Taie Carsten Gartung Andreas geier Department of Gastroenterology Aachen University Aachen 52074 Germany Department of Gastroenterology Klinikum Aschaffenburg Aschaffenburg 63739 Germany Department of Medical Statistics AachenUniversity Aachen 52074 Germany Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital Zurich Zurich 8091 Switzerland

AIM: To investigate the frequency of gastroen-terological diseases in the etiology and the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in the treatment of cardiac syndrome X (CSX) as a subform of non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP). METHODS: We investigated 114 patients with CSX using symptom questionnaires. A subgroup of these patients were investigated regarding upper gastrointestinal disorders (GIs) and treated with PPI. Patients not willing to participate in investigation and treatment served as control group. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients denied any residual symptoms and were not further evaluated. After informed consent in 27 of the remaining 78 patients, we determined the prevalence of disorders of the upper GI tract and quantifi ed the effect of treatment with pantoprazole. We found a high prevalence of gastroenterological pathologies (26/27 patients, 97%)with gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and acid reflux as the most common associated disorders. If treated according to the study protocol, these patients showed a significant improvement in the symptom score. Patients treated by primary care physicians, not according to the study protocol had a minor response to treatment (n = 19, -43%), while patients not treated at all (n = 26) had no improvement of symptoms (-0%). CONCLUSION: Disorders of the upper GI tract are a frequent origin of CSX in a German population and can be treated with pantoprazole if given for a longer period.

关键词： Non-cardiac chest pain Gastroesophageal reflux disease Proton pump inhibitor Cardiac syndrome X

Side effects of budesonide in liver cirrhosis due to chronic autoimmune hepatitis: Influence of hepatic metabolism versus portosystemic shunts on a patient complicated with HCC

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第12期9卷 2681-2685页

作者： Andreas geier Carsten Gartung Christoph G.Dietrich Hermann E.Wasmuth Patrick Reinartz Siegfried Matern Department of Intemal Medicine Ⅲ University of Technology (RWTH) AachenAachenGermany Nuclear Medicine University of Technology (RWTH) AachenAachenGermany Department of Internal Medicine Ⅲ University of Technology (RWTH) AachenAachenGermany

AIM:To investigate the systemic availability of budesonide in a patient with Child A cirrhosis due to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary hepatocellular carcinoma,who developed serious side effects. METHODS:Serum levels of budesonide,6β-OH-budesonide and 16α-OH-prednisolon were measured by HPLC/MS/MS; portosystemic shunt-index (SI) was determined by 99mTc nuclear *** values were compared with a matched control patient without side effects. RESULTS:Serum levels of budesonide were 13-fold increased in the index *** ratio between serum levels of the metabolites 6β-OH-budesonide and 16α-OH- prednisolone,respectively,and serum levels of budesonide was diminished (1.0 vs.4.0 for 6β-OH-budesonide,4.2 vs. 10.7 for 16α-OH-prednisolone).Both patients had portosystemic SI (5.7 % and 3.1%) within the range of healthy ***:Serum levels of budesonide Vary uP to 13-fold in AIH Patients with Child A eirrhosis in the absenee ofrelevant Portosystemic *** hePatiemetabolism,as indicated by redueed metabolite-to-drugratio,rather than Portosystemie shunting may explainsystemic side effects of this drug in cirrhosis

关键词： Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical Aged Anti-Inflammatory Agents Budesonide Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Female Hepatitis, Autoimmune Humans Liver Liver Neoplasms Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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IH型结构的后加速器

核技术 2002年第6期25卷 425-429页

作者：陈明 H.Morinaga W.Nitsche R.geier 中国科学院上海原子核研究所上海201800 德国慕尼黑技术大学物理系E17研究所 d85747

在 4年时间内和德国慕尼黑技术大学合作研制成一台Interdigital-H型加速结构 (以下简称IH型结构 )的射频直线后加速器[1] 。叙述了该加速器的原理和结构 ,间隙电压的调整 ,束流动力学 ,射频系统及聚束器。在 84 .2MHz的谐振频率下 ,输入... 详细信息

在 4年时间内和德国慕尼黑技术大学合作研制成一台Interdigital-H型加速结构 (以下简称IH型结构 )的射频直线后加速器[1] 。叙述了该加速器的原理和结构 ,间隙电压的调整 ,束流动力学 ,射频系统及聚束器。在 84 .2MHz的谐振频率下 ,输入 3kW射频功率 ,它可以把质量数为 3的离子的能量从 340keV提高到 1.74MeV ,有效分路阻抗高达 4 0 8MΩ/m。用H+ 3 束一次调试出束成功 ,输出H+ 3 离子的能量达到设计值。该后加速器采用的二谐波双漂移聚束器 ,把束流聚集成宽度为 36 0 ps的束团 ,使加速腔的接受度提高到 2 4 0°。由于采用了双间隙型λ/ 4同轴腔结构 ,分路阻抗是慕尼黑以前所用的单间隙型的 4倍 ,而聚束系统占用的束线长度缩短到 2 0 %。

关键词： Interdigital-H型加速结构二谐波双漂移聚束器双间隙同轴腔