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Oral mucosal lipids are antibacterial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions

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International Journal of Oral Science 2013年第3期5卷 130-140页

作者： Carol L Fischer Katherine S Walters david r drake Deborah V Dawson Derek r Blanchette Kim A Brogden Philip W Wertz Dows Institute for Dental research College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Central Microscopy research Facility College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Endodontics College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Periodontics College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Oral Pathology Radiology & Medicine College of Dentistry The University of Iowa

Oral mucosal and salivary lipids exhibit potent antimicrobial activity for a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria;however,little is known about their spectrum of antimicrobial activity or mechanisms of action against oral *** this study,we examine the activity of two fatty acids and three sphingoid bases against Porphyromonas gingivalis,an important colonizer of the oral cavity implicated in *** inhibitory concentrations,minimal bactericidal concentrations,and kill kinetics revealed variable,but potent,activity of oral mucosal and salivary lipids against ***,indicating that lipid structure may be an important determinant in lipid mechanisms of activity against bacteria,although specific components of bacterial membranes are also likely *** micrographs showed ultrastructural damage induced by sapienic acid and phytosphingosine and confirmed disruption of the bacterial plasma *** information,coupled with the association of treatment lipids with *** lipids revealed via thin layer chromatography,suggests that the plasma membrane is a likely target of lipid antibacterial *** a combination of two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis and Western blot followed by mass spectroscopy and N-terminus degradation sequencing we also show that treatment with sapienic acid induces upregulation of a set of proteins comprising a unique *** stress response,including proteins important in fatty acid biosynthesis,metabolism and energy production,protein processing,cell adhesion and *** or therapeutic lipid treatments may be beneficial for intervention of infection by supplementing the natural immune function of endogenous lipids on mucosal surfaces.

关键词： antimicrobial lipid fatty acid Porphyromonasgingivalis sphingoid base sphingolipid ultrastructure

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Climate-change habitat shifts for the vulnerable endemic oak species(Quercus arkansana Sarg.)

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Journal of Forestry research 2024年第1期35卷 117-127页

作者： Suresh Chandra Subedi Seth drake Binaya Adhikari Mark V.Coggeshall Department of Biological Sciences Arkansas Tech UniversityRussellvilleARUSA Department of Biology University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA School of Natural resources University of Missouri203 ABNR BuildingColumbiaMO 65211USA

Quercus arkansana(Arkansas oak)is at risk of becoming endangered,as the total known population size is represented by a few isolated *** potential impact of climate change on this species in the near future is high,yet knowledge of its predicted effects is *** study utilized the biomod2 r package to develop habi-tat suitability ensemble models based on bioclimatic and topographic environmental variables and the known loca-tions of current distribution of *** predicted suitable habitats across three climate change scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5)for 2050,2070,and *** findings reveal that the current suitable habitat for *** is approximately 127,881 km^(2) across seven states(Texas,Arkansas,Alabama,Louisiana,Mississippi,Georgia,and Florida);approximately 9.5%is encompassed within state and federally managed protected *** models predict that all current suitable habitats will disap-pear by 2050 due to climate change,resulting in a northward shift into new regions such as Tennessee and *** large extent of suitable habitat outside protected areas sug-gests that a species-specific action plan incorporating pro-tected areas and other areas may be crucial for its ***,protection of *** habitat against climate change may require locally and regionally focused conservation policies,adaptive management strategies,and educational outreach among local people.

关键词： Biomod2 Climate change Conservation Habitat loss Habitat shift Species distribution modeling Oak species

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Indigenous microbiota protects development of medication-related osteonecrosis induced by periapical disease in mice

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International Journal of Oral Science 2022年第2期14卷 156-163页

作者： Wen Du Mengyu Yang Terresa Kim Sol Kim drake W.Williams Maryam Esmaeili Christine Hong Ki-Hyuk Shin Mo K.Kang No-Hee Park reuben H.Kim State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical research Center for Oral Diseases&Department of Prosthodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging research Los AngelesUSA Section of restorative Dentistry UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUSA Department of Orofacial Sciences UCSF School of DentistrySan FranciscoUSA UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Los AngelesUSA david Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los AngelesUSA

Bacterial infection is a common finding in patients,who develop medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw(MrONJ)by the longterm and/or high-dose use of anti-resorptive agents such as bisphosphonate(BPs).However,pathological role of bacteria in MrONJ development at the early stage remains ***,we demonstrated that commensal microbiota protects against MrONJ development in the pulp-exposed periapical periodontitis mouse model.C57/BL6 female mice were treated with intragastric broadspectrum antibiotics for 1 *** acid(ZOL)through intravenous injection and antibiotics in drinking water were administered for throughout the *** was exposed on the left maxillary first molar,then the mice were left for 5 weeks after which bilateral maxillary first molar was extracted and mice were left for additional 3 weeks to *** mice were harvested,and cecum,maxilla,and femurs were *** development was assessed usingμCT and histologic *** antibiotic was treated in mice,these mice had no weight changes,but developed significantly enlarged ceca compared to the control group(CTL mice).Periapical bone resorption prior to the tooth extraction was similarly prevented when treated with antibiotics,which was confirmed by decreased osteoclasts and *** treatment with pulp exposure significantly increased bone necrosis as determined by empty lacunae and necrotic bone ***,antibiotics treatment could further exacerbate bone necrosis,with increased osteoclast *** findings suggest that the commensal microbiome may play protective role,rather than pathological role,in the early stages of MrONJ development.

关键词： protective finding antibiotics

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The expression and functions of microrNAs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第8期30卷 540-550页

作者： Wei Li drake G. LeBrun Min Li College of Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong 250355 P. R. China The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School Houston Texas 77030 USA.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma are devastating human malignancies that are characterized by poor prognosis,late onset,and a lack of known *** diagnostic and therapeutic molecular targets are desperately needed to develop novel and effective treatment *** (mirNAs) are an emerging class of molecules with roles in various cellular processes,including growth,survival,and *** importantly,aberrant expression of mirNAs has been implicated in cancer *** expression profiles of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma indicate selective overexpression of oncogenic mirNAs and down-regulation of tumor suppressive mirNAs in these *** review summarizes results from key studies conducted to characterize the mirNA expression profiles of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma and describes the potential mechanisms by which some oncogenic or tumor suppressive mirNAs ***,this review outlines novel therapeutic strategies for targeting mirNAs.

关键词： microrNA 胰腺癌肝癌 mirNAs 小分子rNA 肿瘤抑制生物标志物恶性肿瘤

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Pancreatic stromal Gremlin 1 expression during pancreatic tumorigenesis

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第1期9卷 108-115页

作者： Joy M.Davis Binglu Cheng Madeline M.drake Qiang Yu Baibing Yang Jing Li Chunhui Liu Mamoun Younes Xiurong Zhao Jennifer M.Bailey Qiang Shen Tien C.Ko Yanna Cao Department of Surgery The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Pathology&Laboratory Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Neurology The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Internal Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Genetics Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLA 70112USA

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a major risk factor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).How CP promotes pancreatic oncogenesis remains unclear.A characteristic feature of PDAC is its prominent desmoplasia in the tumor microenvironment,composed of activated fibroblasts and *** can be characterized as M1 or M2,with tumor-inhibiting or-promoting functions,*** reported that Gremlin 1(GrEM1),a key pro-fibrogenic factor,is upregulated in the stroma of *** current study aimed to investigate the expression of GrEM1 and correlation between GrEM1 and macrophages within the pancreas during chronic inflammation and the development of *** mrNA in situ hybridization,we detected GrEM1 mrNA expression withinα-smooth muscle actin(SMA)-positive fibroblasts of the pancreatic *** designated FibroblastsGrem1+marginally increased from CP to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia(PanIN)and *** PDAC,FibroblastsGrem1+increased with higher pathological tumor stages and in a majority of PDAC subtypes ***,FibroblastsGrem1+positively correlated with total macrophages(MacCD68+)and M2 macrophages(M2CD163+)in *** begin exploring potential molecular links between FibroblastsGrem1+and macrophages in PDAC,we examined the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF),an endogenous counteracting molecule of GrEM1 and an M1 macrophage promoting *** IHC staining of MIF,we found MIF to be expressed by tumor cells,positively correlated with GrEM1;by IHC co-staining,we found MIF to be negatively correlated with M2CD163+*** findings suggest that GrEM1 expression by activated fibroblasts may promote PDAC development,and GrEM1/MIF may play an important role in macrophage phenotype.

关键词： Fibroblasts Gremlin 1 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor Macrophages

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A Numerical Tank through Linear and Quadratic Finite Element Methods

A Numerical Tank through Linear and Quadratic Finite Element...

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第七届全国水动力学学术会议暨第十九届全国水动力学研讨会

作者： drake K．r． Department of Mechanical Engineering University College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JE U．K．

＜正＞The hydrodynamic problem of nonlinear wave and body interaction is solved through a linear and quadratic finite element method based numerical tank. The velocity potential theory is used as the effect of the viscosity is usually small on water waves and on bodies that are large relative to the wavelength. The continuity equation and the boundary conditions are satisfied through a Galerkin method over the fluid domain. The integration over each element is performed analytically for the linear shape function and numerically for the quadratic shape function. The global matrix equations in both cases are solved through an iteration with a pre-conditioner. Various simulations and comparisons are made for single and multiple cylinders in regular and bichromatic waves generated by a piston wave maker in the tank.

关键词： Nonlinear wave-body interactions finite element analysis Gaussian Quadrature tri-tree based hybrid mesh the wave model numerical wave tank

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High school sports programs differentially impact participation by sex

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第3期4卷 282-288页

作者： Keith M. drake Meghan r. Longacre Todd MacKenzie Linda J. Titus Michael L. Beach Andrew G. rundle Madeline A. Dalton Hood Center for Children and Families Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon NH 03756 USA Department of Pediatrics Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon NH 03756 USA Department of Community and Family Medicine Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon NH 03756 USA Department of Medicine Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon NH 03756 USA Department of Anesthesiology Dartmouth--Hitcheock Medical Center Lebanon NH 03756 USA Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York NY 10032 USA

背景:研究表明,参加体育活动可降低儿童和青少年肥胖的风险。学校是促进儿童和青少年参加体育活动的理想环境,但目前尚不清楚体育活动的"获得"和"选择"如何影响学生的参与度,也不清楚学校体育课的特点对学生参与体育的影响是否存在性别... 详细信息

背景:研究表明,参加体育活动可降低儿童和青少年肥胖的风险。学校是促进儿童和青少年参加体育活动的理想环境,但目前尚不清楚体育活动的"获得"和"选择"如何影响学生的参与度,也不清楚学校体育课的特点对学生参与体育的影响是否存在性别差异。本研究旨在评价高中体育运动项目的特点,并确定这些体育课程对男女生参与运动队的影响程度。方法:用电话采访的方式纵向调查了1,244名新罕布什尔州和佛蒙特州的学生。学生自述他们小学至高中阶段参与运动队的情况。通过调查高中职员了解体育机会。在本研究中,"体育机会"是指每100名学生所对应的学校提供的体育项目种类《选择)和学校提供的体育种类中不限制参加人数的体育项目的比例(获得)。结果:约70%的儿童参加了至少一个体育运动队,男生为73%,女生为66%。研究发现在性别和两个体育机会变量之间存在显著交互影响。控制小学生参与体育活动和其他协变量后,发现如果学校不限制最受欢迎的体育项目的参与人数,男生会参加更多的体育运动队(rr=1.12,prr=1 47,p<0.001)。结论:前人研究表明,参加体育活动能带来许多健康效益。对公共卫生工作包括预防肥胖而言,学校体育课可能是一个重要而有效但未被充分利用的对象。要使青少年参加更多的体育活动,就应综合考虑学校体育项目的获得和选择。学校可运用不同策略,促使男生和女生更多地参加体育活动。

关键词：体育节目高中差异性体育运动体育项目体育活动工作人员公共卫生

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Isolation, screening and identifi cation of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbial candidates for aflatoxin B_1 biodegradation

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第9期5卷 680-683页

作者： rosario Galarza-Seeber Juan david Latorre Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Amanda drake Wolfenden Lisa renee Bielke Anita Menconi Billy Marshall Hargis Guillermo Tellez Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas College of Veterinary Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico

Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo ***: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolates were obtained from intestines, and soil samples were screened by using a selective media method against 0.25 and 1.00 μg/m L of AFB1 in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed every two days for two weeks. Physiological properties of the three Bacillus spp. candidates were characterized biochemically and by 16 S r rNA sequence analyzes for identii cation. Tolerance to acidic p H, osmotic concentrations of Na Cl, bile salts were tested, and antimicrobial sensitivity proi les were also determined. Bacillus candidates were individually sporulated by using a solid fermentation method and combined. Spores were incorporated into 1 of 3 experimental feed groups: 1) Negative control group, with unmedicated starter broiler feed without AFB1; 2) Positive control group, with negative control feed contaminated with 0.01% AFB1; 3) DFM treated group, with positive control feed supplemented with 109 spores/g. After digestion time(3:15 h), supernatants and digesta were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography l uorescence detection analysis by ***: Three out of those sixty-nine DFM candidates showed ability to biodegrade AFB1 in vitro based on growth as well as reduction of l uorescence and area of clearance around each colony in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium which was clearly visible under day light after 48 h of evaluation. Analysis of 16S-DNA identii ed the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The three Bacillus strains were tolerant to acidic conditions(p H 2.0), tolerant to a high osmotic pressure(Na Cl at 6.5%), and were able to tolerate 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. No signii cant dif erences(P > 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of AFB1

关键词： Al atoxin B1 Bacillus Direct-fed microbials Biodegradation Broiler feed

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Strategies for PET imaging of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts(rAGE)

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第5期10卷 452-465页

作者： Lindsey r.drake Allen F.Brooks Jenelle Stauff Phillip S.Sherman Janna Arteaga robert A.Koeppe Aimee reed Timothy J.Montavon Marc B.Skaddan Peter J.H.Scott Department of radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA AbbVie Process Chemistry North ChicagoIL60064USA AbbVie Centralized Medicinal Chemistry North ChicagoIL60064USA AbbVie Translational Imaging North ChicagoIL60064USA

The implication of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products(rAGE)in numerous diseases and neurodegenerative disorders makes it interesting both as a therapeutic target and as an inflammatory *** the context of investigating rAGE as a biomarker,there is interest in developing radiotracers that will enable quantification of rAGE using positron emission tomography(PET)*** have synthesized potential small molecule radiotracers for both the intracellular([18F]InrAGEr)and extracellular([18F]rAGEr)domains of *** we report preclinical evaluation of both using in vitro(lead panel screens)and in vivo(rodent and nonhuman primate PET imaging)*** radiotracers have high affinity for rAGE and show good brain uptake,but suffer from off-target *** source of the off-target PET signal is not attributable to binding to melatonin receptors,but remains *** have also investigated use of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated mice as a possible animal model with upregulated rAGE for evaluation of new imaging *** of the mouse brain sections revealed increases in rAGE in the male cohorts,but no difference in the female ***,it proves challenging to quantify the changes in rAGE due to off-target binding of the ***,they are appropriate lead scaffolds for future development of 2nd generation rAGE PET radiotracers because of their high affinity for the receptor and good CNS penetration.

关键词： rAGE Neuroimaging Positron emission tomography radiochemistry Neuroinflammation

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Conceptual design of an experiment to study dust destruction by astrophysical shock waves

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 9-14页

作者： M. J.-E. Manuel T. Temim E. Dwek A. M. Angulo E X. Belancourt r. E drake C. C. Kuranz M. J. MacDonald B. A. remington General Atomics 3550 General Atomics Court San Diego CA 92121 USA Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore MD 21218 USA Observational Cosmology Lab Code 665 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Climate and Space Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor M148109 USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94450 USA

A novel laboratory experimental design is described that will investigate the processing of dust grains in astrophysical shocks. Dust is a ubiquitous ingredient in the interstellar medium(ISM) of galaxies; however, its evolutionary cycle is still poorly understood. Especially shrouded in mystery is the efficiency of grain destruction by astrophysical shocks generated by expanding supernova remnants. While the evolution of these remnants is fairly well understood, the grain destruction efficiency in these shocks is largely unknown. The experiments described herein will fill this knowledge gap by studying the dust destruction efficiencies for shock velocities in the range ～10–30 km/s(μm/ns), at which most of the grain destruction and processing in the ISM takes place. The experiments focus on the study of grain–grain collisions by accelerating small(～1 μm) dust particles into a large(～5–10 μm diameter) population; this simulates the astrophysical system well in that the more numerous, small grains impact and collide with the large population. Facilities that combine the versatility of high-power optical lasers with the diagnostic capabilities of X-ray free-electron lasers, e.g., the Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, provide an ideal laboratory environment to create and diagnose dust destruction by astrophysically relevant shocks at the micron scale.

关键词：星际介质天体物理理论研究尘埃

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