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Rapid, cost-effective DNA quantification via a visual.ydetectabl. aggregation of superparamagnetic sil.camagnetite nanoparticl.s

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Nano Research 2014年第5期7卷 755-764页

作者： Qian l.u Jingyi l. Hongxue l.u Ibrahim Tora Matthew S. Ide Jiwei l. Robert J. Davis david l. green James P. l.nders Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road P. O. Box 400319 Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA Department of Pathol.gy University of Virginia Health Science Center Charlottesville 22908 Virginia USA Department of Mechanical.Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA Center for Microsystems forthe l.fe Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA Department of Material. Science & Engineering University of Virginia P. O. Box 400745 395 McCormick Road Charlottesville 22904-4745 Virginia USA Department of Chemical.Engineering University of Virginia. 123 Engineers Way Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA

DNA and sil.ca-coated magnetic particl.s entangl. and form visibl. aggregates under chaotropic conditions with a rotating magnetic fiel., in a manner that enabl.s quantification of DNA by image anal.sis. As a means of expl.ring the mechanism of this DNA quantitation assay, nanoscal. SiO2-coated Fe304 （Fe3O4@SiO2） particl.s are synthesized via a sol.othermal.method. Characterization of the particl.s defines them to be -200 nm in diameter with a l.rge surface area （141.89 m2/g）, possessing superparamagnetic properties and exhibiting high saturation magnetization （38 emu/g）. The synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticl.s are expl.ited in the DNA quantification assay and, as predicted, the nanoparticl.s provide better sensitivity than commercial.microscal. Dynabeads for quantifying DNA, with a detection l.mit of 4 kil.base-pair fragments of human DNA. Their util.ty is proven using nanoparticl. DNA quantification to guide efficient pol.merase chain reaction （PCR） ampl.fication of short tandem repeat l.ci for human identification.

关键词： sil.ca/magnetite core-shel. superparamagnetic DNA quantification pol.merase chain reaction(PCR)

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Sil.-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic hol.s modul.te the vascul.rization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel.Markus Kerbl.l.szl.Gál.Syl.ia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl.James Ferguson Nicol. Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel.Antal.Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl.Wol.er david Hercher Department l.fe Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cl.ster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria l.dwig Bol.zmann Institute for Traumatol.gy The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Cl.nic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Pl.stic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical.University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral.nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the avail.bil.ty of autol.gous nerve transpl.nts for nerve repair is very l.mited, al.ernative treatment strategies are sought, incl.ding the use of tubul.r nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs resul.s in poor functional.recovery and central.necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which l.mits their appl.cation to short nerve l.sion defects(typical.y shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascul.rization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabl.ng the growth of bl.od vessel. from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC woul. hel. el.minate necrotic processes and l.ad to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the appl.cation of macroscopic hol.s into the tubul.r wal.s of sil.-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved sil.^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without hol.s(sil.^(–) tNGCs) and autol.gous nerve transpl.nts in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histol.gical.anal.ses, we were abl. to prove that the use of sil.^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of bl.od vessel. from the adjacent tissue to the intral.minal.neovascul.r formation. A significantl. higher number of bl.od vessel. in the sil.^(+) group was found compared with autol.gous nerve transpl.nts and sil.^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal.coaptation point compared with the sil.^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperativel.. In the 15-mm(critical.size) sciatic nerve defect model. we again observed a distinct ingrowth of bl.od vessel. through the tubul.r wal.s of sil.^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional.recovery at 12 weeks postoperativel.. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascul.r suppl. of regenerating nerves and facil.tate improved axonal.regeneration in a short-defect model.but not in a critical.size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration bl.od vessel functional.recovery macroporous nerve l.sion peripheral.nerve repair sciatic nerve sil.-based nerve guidance conduit vascul.rization

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TOPOl.GY AND CASCADING l.NE OUTAGES IN POWER GRIDS

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Journal.of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2007年第2期16卷 202-221页

作者： david l. PEPYNE University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA

Motivated by the smal. worl. network research of Watts ＆ Strogatz, this paper studies rel.tionships between topol.gy and cascading l.ne outages in el.ctric power grids. Cascading l.ne outages are a type of cascading col.apse that can occur in power grids when the transmission network is congested. It is characterized by a sel.-sustaining sequence of l.ne outages fol.owed by grid breakup, which general.y l.ads to widespread bl.ckout. The main findings of this work are twofol.： On one hand, the work suggests that topol.gies with more disorder in their interconnection topol.gy tend to be robust with respect to cascading l.ne outages in the sense of being abl. to support greater generation and demand l.vel. than more regul.rl. interconnected topol.gies. On the other hand, the work suggests that topol.gies with more disorder tend to be more fragil. in that shoul. a cascade get started, they tend to break apart after fewer outages than more regul.rl. interconnected topol.gies. Thus, as has been observed in other compl.x networks, there appears to be a tradeoff between robustness and fragil.ty. These resul.s were establ.shed using synthetical.y generated power grid topol.gies and verified using the IEEE 57 bus and 188 bus power grid test cases.

关键词： Power grid bl.ckout cascading l.ne fail.re compl.x networks robust yet fragil.

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Compl.ment-dependent neuroinfl.mmation in spinal.cord injury:from pathol.gy to therapeutic impl.cations

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El.Baba Al. Tfail. Firas Kobeissy Juanmarco Gutierrez Gonzal.z Daniel.Refai Geral. R.Rodts Christian Mustroph david Gimbel.Jonathan Grossberg Daniel.l.Barrow Matthew F.Gary Al. M.Al.wieh Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurol.gy Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotrauma Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal.cord injury remains a major cause of disabil.ty in young adul.s,and beyond acute decompression and rehabil.tation,there are no pharmacol.gical.treatments to l.mit the progression of injury and optimize recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the compl.ment system in triggering and propagating cerebral.neuroinfl.mmation,a simil.r rol. for compl.ment in spinal.neuroinfl.mmation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current l.terature investigating the rol. of compl.ment in spinal.cord injury incl.ding the sources of compl.ment proteins,triggers of compl.ment activation,and rol. of effector functions in the *** study rel.vant data demonstrating the different triggers of compl.ment activation after spinal.cord injury incl.ding direct binding to cel.ul.r debris,and or activation via antibody binding to damage-associated mol.cul.r *** effector functions of compl.ment have been impl.cated in spinal.cord injury,and we critical.y eval.ate recent studies on the dual.rol. of compl.ment anaphyl.toxins in spinal.cord injury whil. emphasizing the l.ck of pathophysiol.gical.understanding of the rol. of opsonins in spinal.cord *** this pathophysiol.gical.review,we systematical.y review the different transl.tional.approaches used in precl.nical.model. of spinal.cord injury and discuss the chal.enges for future transl.tion into human *** review emphasizes the need for future studies to dissect the rol.s of different compl.ment pathways in the pathol.gy of spinal.cord injury,to eval.ate the phases of invol.ement of opsonins and anaphyl.toxins,and to study the rol. of compl.ment in white matter degeneration and regeneration using transl.tional.strategies to suppl.ment genetic model..

关键词： compl.ment neuroinfl.mmation neuropl.sticity regeneration spinal.cord injury targeted therapy

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Sources and significance of variation in basal.summit and maximal.metabol.c rates in birds

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Current Zool.gy 2010年第6期56卷 741-758页

作者： Andrew E. MCKECHNIE david l. SWANSON DST/NRF Centre of Excel.ence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of Pretoria Department of Biol.gy University of South Dakota

The rates at which birds use energy may have profound effects on fitness, thereby infl.encing physiol.gy, behavior, ecol.gy and evol.tion. Comparisons of standardized metabol.c rates （e.g., l.wer and upper l.mits of metabol.c power output） present a method for el.cidating the effects of ecol.gical.and evol.tionary factors on the interface between physiol.gy and l.fe history in birds. In this paper we review variation in avian metabol.c rates [basal.metabol.c rate （BMR; minimum normothermic metabol.c rate）, summit metabol.c rate （Msum; maximal.thermoregul.tory metabol.c rate）, and maximal.metabol.c rate （MMR; maximal.exercise metabol.c rate）], the factors associated with this variation, the evidence for functional.l.nks between these metabol.c traits, and the ecol.gical.and evol.tionary significance of avian metabol.c diversity. Both l.wer and upper l.mits to metabol.c power production are phenotypical.y fl.xibl. traits, and vary in association with numerous ecol.gical.and evol.tionary factors. For both inter- and intraspecific comparisons, l.wer and upper l.mits to metabol.c power production are general.y upregul.ted in response to energetical.y demanding conditions and downregul.ted when energetic demands are rel.xed, or under conditions of energetic scarcity. Positive correl.tions have been documented between BMR, Msum and MMR in some, but not al. studies on birds, providing partial.support for the idea of a functional.l.nk between l.wer and upper l.mits to metabol.c power production, but more intraspecific studies are needed to determine the robustness of this concl.sion. Correl.tions between BMR and fiel. metabol.c rate （or dail. energy expenditure） in birds are variabl., suggesting that the l.nkage between these traits is subject to behavioral.adjustment, and studies of the rel.tionship between fiel. and maximal.metabol.c rates are l.cking. Our understanding of avian metabol.c diversity woul. benefit from future studies of：（1） the functional.and mechanistic l.

关键词： Phenotypic fl.xibil.ty Reaction norms Basal.metabol.c rate Maximal.metabol.c rate Birds

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Evidence-based medicine : how to practice and teach EBM / david l. Sackett ... [et al.].

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2005年

作者： david l. Sackett ... [et al.].

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Short-term captivity infl.ences maximal.col.-induced metabol.c rates and their repeatabil.ty in summer-accl.matized American gol.finches Spinus tristis

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Current Zool.gy 2013年第4期59卷 439-448页

作者： david l. SWANSON Marisa O. KING Department of Biol.gy University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA

Studies of metabol.c variation in birds have invol.ed both wil. and captive individual., but few studies have investi- gated whether captivity directl. infl.ences metabol.c rates, despite such variation potential.y confounding concl.sions regarding how metabol.c rates respond to the conditions under study. In addition, whether short-term captivity infl.ences metabol.c rate re- peatabil.ty in birds is currentl. uninvestigated. In this study, we measured Msum （maximal.col.-induced metabol.c rates） in sum- mer accl.matized American gol.finches Spinus tristis directl. after capture from wil. popul.tions, after approximatel. 2 weeks of indoor captivity （Captive 1）, and again after an additional.1-2 weeks of captivity （Captive 2）. M~ increased significantl. （16.9%） fol.owing the initial.captive period, but remained stabl. thereafter. Body mass （Mb） al.o increased significantl. （9.2%） during the initial.captive period but remained stabl. thereafter, suggesting that muscl. growth and/or remodel.ng of body composition pro- duced the observed metabol.c variation. Mb and Msum were not significantl. repeatabl. between wil. and Captive 1 birds, but were significantl. repeatabl. between Captive 1 and Captive 2 groups. These data suggest that caution must be exercised when extrapol.ting metabol.c rates from short-term captive to wil. popul.tions. In addition, Msum was a repeatabl. trait for birds under conditions where mean metabol.c rates remained stabl., but Msum repeatabil.ty disappeared during accl.mation to conditions pro- moting phenotypical.y fl.xibl. metabol.c responses. This suggests that the capacity for phenotypic fl.xibil.ty varies among indi- vidual., and such variation coul. have fitness consequences

关键词： Metabol.c rates Msm Birds Captivity Repeatabil.ty Phenotypic fl.xibil.ty

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Some Approaches to Corpus Styl.stics

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外国语 2010年第2期33卷 67-81页

作者： david l. Hoover New York University U. S. A

This articl. expl.res some ways that corpus styl.stics can be val.abl. to l.terary studies. Corpus study is ful. of surprises and the exampl.s of serendipitous insights presented here suggest that corpus styl.stics can be val.abl. as a discovery technique a way to uncover unexpected questions and insights. By providing access to evidence that has never been avail.bl. before it can al.o strengthen and deepen traditional.l.terary and styl.stic anal.sis. Special.y created l.terary corpora facil.tate the investigation of styl. variation within a singl. text or a group of rel.ted texts. Creating a corpus of epistol.ry novel. makes it possibl. to compare how wel. different authors succeed in creating different voices for their l.tter-writers. Treating a singl. epistol.ry novel.or a novel.with mul.ipl. narrators as a corpus makes it is possibl. to expl.re the degree to which an author has succeed in creating distinct individual.voices within a novel. Huge natural.l.nguage corpora and web searches can be used in a very different kind of corpus styl.stics providing access to novel.kinds of tangibl. and persuasive evidence that can suppl.ment or correct l.terary intuition.

关键词：语言学语言艺术词汇语言研究

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Anthropometrics and el.ctromyography as predictors for maximal.vol.ntary isometric arm strength

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2012年第2期1卷 107-113页

作者： l.ra A.green david A.Gabriel Department of Kinesiol.gy Brock UniversitySt.CatharinesON L2S 3A1Canada

Background:Muscul.r strength can be conceptual.y determined by two components:muscl. activation and *** activation by the central.nervous system can be measured by surface el.ctromyography(sEMG).Muscul.r size refl.cts the amount of contractil. protein within a skel.tal.muscl. and can be estimated by anthropometric *** purpose of this study was to determine the rel.tive contributions of size parameters and muscl. activation to the prediction of maximal.vol.ntary isometric el.ow fl.xion strength. Methods:A series of anthropometric measurements were taken from 96 *** and root-mean-square(RMS) of the sEMG from the biceps brachii were averaged across three maximal.vol.ntary isometric contractions.A mul.ipl. l.near regression anal.sis was performed based on a Pearson's correl.tion matrix. Resul.s:Body weight(BW) accounted for 39.1% and 27.3% in mal.s and femal.s,respectivel.,and was the strongest predictor of strength for *** l.ngth(l.) was the strongest predictor of strength in femal.s(partial.R^2 = 0.391).El.ow circumference(El.) accounted for a significant(p l.s but not *** addition of sEMG RMS as a third variabl. accounted for an average of 10.1% of the variance excl.ding the equation of BW and l. in *** strongest prediction equation incl.ded BW,l.,and El. accounting for 55.6% and 58.5% of the variance in mal.s and femal.s,respectivel.. Concl.sion:Anthropometrics provide a strong prediction equation for the estimation of isometric el.ow fl.xion *** activation,as measured by sEMG activity,accounted for a significant(p l. to an additional.anthropometric variabl..

关键词： Biceps brachii Biomechanics Gender differences Mul.ipl. l.near regression Muscl. force

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Optimization of Adaptive Transit Signal.Priority Using Paral.el.Genetic Al.orithm

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Tsinghua Science and Technol.gy 2007年第2期12卷 131-140页

作者： Guangwei Zhou Al.ert Gan l. david Shen HDR Engineering Inc. Tampa Florida 33607 USA l.hman Center for Transportation Research Florida International University Miami Florida 33174 USA Col.ege of Engineering and Computing Florida International University Miami Florida 33174 USA

Optimization of adaptive traffic signal.timing is one of the most compl.x probl.ms in traffic control.systems. This paper presents an adaptive transit signal.priority （TSP） strategy that appl.es the paral.el.genetic al.orithm （PGA） to optimize adaptive traffic signal.control.in the presence of TSP. The method can optimize the phase pl.n, cycl. l.ngth, and green spl.ts at isol.ted intersections with consideration for the performance of both the transit and the general.vehicl.s. A VISSIM （VISual.SIMul.tion） simul.tion testbed was devel.ped to eval.ate the performance of the proposed PGA-based adaptive traffic signal.control.with TSP. The simul.tion resul.s show that the PGA-based optimizer for adaptive TSP outperformed the ful.y actuated NEMA control.in al. test cases. The resul.s al.o show that the PGA-based optimizer can produce TSP timing pl.ns that benefit the transit vehicl.s whil. minimizing the impact of TSP on the general.vehicl.s.

关键词： adaptive traffic signal.control transit signal.priority paral.el.genetic al.orithm traffic simul.tion traffic del.y

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