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Engineering 2017年第4期3卷 527-537页

作者： charles Fairhurst University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Itasca International Inc. Minneapolis MN 55401 USA

An increased global supply of minerals is essential to meet the needs and expectations of a rapidly rising world population. This implies extraction from greater depths. Autonomous mining systems, developed through sustained R＆D by equipment suppliers, reduce miner exposure to hostile work environments and increase safety. This places increased focus on ＂ground control＂ and on rock mechanics to define the depth to which minerals may be extracted economically. Although significant efforts have been made since the end of World War II to apply mechanics to mine design, there have been both technological and organizational obstacles. Rock in situ is a more complex engineering material than is typically encountered in most other engineering disciplines. Mining engineering has relied heavily on empirical procedures in design for thousands of years. These are no longer adequate to address the challenges of the 21st century, as mines venture to increasingly greater depths. The development of the synthetic rock mass （SRM） in 2008 provides researchers with the ability to analyze the deformational behavior of rock masses that are anisotropic and discontinuous-attributes that were described as the defining characteristics of in situ rock by Leopold Mfiller, the president and founder of the International Society for Rock Mechanics （ISRM）, in 1966. Recent developments in the numerical modeling of large-scale mining operations （e.g., caving） using the SRM reveal unanticipated deformational behavior of the rock. The application of massive parallelization and cloud computational techniques offers major opportunities： for example, to assess uncertainties in numerical predictions： to establish the mechanics basis for the empirical rules now used in rock engineering and their validity for the prediction of rock mass behavior beyond current experience： and to use the discrete element method （DEM） in the optimization of deep mine design. For the first time, mining-and rock engineering-wi

关键词： Deep mining Rock discontinuities Synthetic rock mass Mineral resources Rock mechanics

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Complex multimorbidity and health outcomes in older adult cancer survivors

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2017年第2期5卷 129-138页

作者： david F.Warner Nicholas K.Schiltz Kurt C.Stange charles W.Given Cynthia Owusu Nathan A.Berger Siran M.Koroukian Department of Sociology 711 Oldfather HallUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln1400 R St.LincolnNE 68588USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of MedicineWood BuildingCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Bolwell BuildingSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve University11000 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Family Medicine Clinical CenterMichigan State University788 Service Rd.East LansingMI 48824USA Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineWolstein BuildingCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Wearn BuildingCase Western Reserve University11100 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA

Objective:To characterize complex multimorbidity among cancer survivors and evaluate the association between cancer survivorship,time since cancer diagnosis,and self-reported fair/poor health,self-rated worse health in 2 years,and 2-year ***:We used the 2010-2012 Health and Retirement *** survivors were indi-viduals who reported a(nonskin)cancer diagnosis 2 years or more before the *** defined complex multimorbidity as the co-occurrence of chronic conditions,functional limitations,and/or geriatric *** addition to descriptive analyses,we used logistic regression to evaluate the independent association between cancer survivor status and health *** also examined whether cancer survivorship differed by the number of years since ***:Among 15,808 older adults(age≥50 years),11.8%were cancer *** with cancer-free individuals,a greater percentage of cancer survivors had complex multimorbidity:co-occurring chronic conditions,functional limitations,and geriatric *** survivor-ship was significantly associated with self-reported fair/poor health,self-rated worse health in 2 years,and 2-year *** effects declined with the number of years since diagnosis for fair/poor health and mortality but not for self-rated worse ***:Cancer survivor status is independently associated with more complex multi-morbidity,and with worse health *** effects attenuate with time,except for patient perception of being in worse health.

关键词： Comorbidity functional limitations geriatric syndromes multimorbidity health status health decline mortality,cancer survivorship

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PHYSICAL GEOLOGY / Updated 8th ed.

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2001年

作者： charles C. PLUMMER david MCGEARY DIANE H. CARLSO

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Reducing Participation Bias in Case-Control Studies: Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Stroke in Adults

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2014年第3期4卷 129-134页

作者： Claire Keeble Stuart Barber Paul david Baxter Roger charles Parslow Graham Richard Law Department of Statistics University of Leeds Leeds UK Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics University of Leeds Leeds UK

Background: Case-control studies have been used extensively in determining the aetiology of rare diseases. However, case-control studies often suffer from participation bias in the control group, resulting in biased odds ratios that cause problems with interpretation. Participation bias can be hard to detect and is often ignored. Methods: Population data can be used in place of the possibly biased control group, to investigate whether participation bias may have affected the results in previous studies, or in place of controls in future studies. We demonstrate this approach by reanalysing and comparing the results of two case-control studies: Type 1 diabetes in Yorkshire children and stroke in Indian adults. Findings: Using population data to represent the control groups reduced the width of the confidence intervals given in the original studies and confirmed the findings for the two diabetes risk factors used;caesarean birth (odds ratio (OR) = 2.12 (1.53, 2.95) compared with 1.84 (1.09, 3.10)) and amniocentesis (OR = 3.38 (2.09, 5.47) compared with 3.85 (1.34, 11.04)). The three stroke risk factors investigated were found to have increased odds ratios when using population data;hypertension (OR = 5.645 (5.639, 5.650) compared with 3.807 (2.114, 6.856)), diabetes (OR = 12.212 (12.200, 12.224) compared with 3.473 (1.757, 6.866)) and smoking (OR = 5.701 (5.696, 5.707) compared with 2.242 (1.255, 4.005)). Interpretation: Participation bias can greatly affect the results of a study and cause some potential risk factors to be over-or underestimated. This approach allows previous studies to be investigated for participation bias and presents an alternative to a control group in future studies, while improving precision.

关键词： Case-Control Diabetes Participation Bias Stroke Selection Bias

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Influences of Lower-Mantle Properties on the Formation of Asthenosphere in Oceanic Upper Mantle

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 143-154页

作者： david A Yuen Nicola Tosi Ondrej adek Department of Geology and Geophysics and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55415USA Department of Planetary Physics Institute of Planetary ResearchGerman Aerospace Center(DLR)BerlinGermany Department of Geophysics Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic

Asthenosphere is a venerable concept based on geological intuition of Reginald Daly nearly 100 years ago. There have been various explanations for the existence of the asthenosphere. The concept of a plume-fed asthenosphere has been around for a few years due to the ideas put forth by Yamamoto et al.. Using a two-dimensional Cartesian code based on finite-volume method, we have investigated the influences of lower-mantle physical properties on the formation of a low-viscosity zone in the oceanic upper mantle in regions close to a large mantle upwelUng. The rheological law is Newtonian and depends on both temperature and depth. An extended-Boussinesq model is assumed for the energetics and the olivine to spinel, the spinel to perovskite and perovskite to post-perovskite （ppv） phase transitions are considered. We have compared the differences in the behavior of hot upweilings passing through the transition zone in the mid-mantle for a variety of models, starting with constant physical properties in the lower-mantle and culminating with complex models which have the post-perovskite phase transition and depth-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity. We found that the formation of the asthenosphere in the upper mantle in the vicinity of large upwellings is facilitated in models where both depth-dependent thermal expansivity and conductivity are included. Models with constant thermal expansivity and thermal conductivity do not produce a hot low-viscosity zone, resembling the asthenosphere. We have also studied the influences of a cylindrical model and found similar results as the Cartesian model with the important difference that upper-mantle temperatures were much cooler than the Cartesian model by about 600 to 700 K. Our findings argue for the potentially important role played by lower-mantle material properties on the development of a plume-fed asthenosphere in the oceanic upper mantle.

关键词： oceanic asthenosphere lower mantle thermal expansivity thermal conductivity phase transition.

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The Draf Ⅲ procedure: A review of indications and techniques

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第1期8卷 1-7页

作者： Michael Noller Jakob L.Fischer david A.Gudis charles A.Riley Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Walter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMarylandUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University Medical CenterNew York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Surgery Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA

The DrafⅢprocedure involves the creation of a common frontal sinus *** most common indication for the DrafⅢprocedure is chronic rhinosinusitis of the frontal sinuses despite the failure of more conservative interventions such as bilateral DrafⅡa *** DrafⅢmay be indicated in patients with a high risk of failures such as those with severe polyposis and those with a frontal sinus opening less than 4 mm on computed tomography *** indications for the DrafⅢinclude access for tumor removal and repair of traumatic fractures of the frontal ***"inside-out"DrafⅢprocedure is the standard approach when the frontal recess anterior-posterior diameter is wide enough for instrument access,usually larger than 4-5 ***"outside-in"DrafⅢprocedure can be done when the frontal recess is too narrow to safely accommodate *** follow-up with debridement should be done to prevent neo-ostium stenosis.

关键词： DrafⅢ endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure endoscopic sinus surgery frontal sinus surgery

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Anxiolytic-like effects of Pseudospondias microcarpa hydroethanolic leaf extract in zebrafish:Possible involvement of GABAergic and serotonergic pathways

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2023年第1期13卷 400-412页

作者： Donatus Wewura Adongo charles Kwaku Benneh Augustine Tandoh Robert Peter Biney Kennedy Kwami Edem Kukuia Priscilla Kolibea Mante Benjamin Kingsley Harley david Oteng Emmanuel Aduboffour Appiah Ernest Cudjoe Anorbor Eric Woode Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of PharmacyUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoGhana Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana Department of Medical Pharmacology University of Ghana Medical SchoolCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaKorle BuAccraGhana Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine School of PharmacyUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoGhana

Pseudospondias microcarpa is used in ethnomedicine to manage central nervous system *** hydroethanolic extract(PME)from the leaves of the plant has shown anxiolytic-like properties in mice anxiety ***,its effects in chronic anxiety models and possible mechanism(s)of action were not ***,the current study evaluated the anxiolytic-like mechanisms of PME in zebrafish models of *** zebrafish light dark test(LDT)and novel tank test(NTT)were employed to assess the anxiolytic-like effects of PME(0.1,0.3,1.0 mg mL^(−1)),fluox-etine(3×10^(−5)mg mL^(−1))and diazepam(1.5×10^(−7)mg mL^(−1)).The chronic unpredictable stress(CUS)test was used to further evaluate the extract’s anxiolytic-like *** potential mechanisms of anxiolytic action of the extract was evaluated after pre-treated with flumazenil,granisetron,methysergide,or pizotifen,all at 1×10^(−3)mg mL^(−1).The extract significantly decreased anxiety behaviours in the NT and LD *** observed effects of the extract were however counteracted by flumazenil,granisetron,methysergide and pizotifen *** addition,PME treatment significantly reversed CUS-induced anxiety behaviours in *** show that PME possesses anxiolytic-like effects possibly through interaction with serotonergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated pathways.

关键词： Anxiety disorders Pseudospondias microcarpa Zebrafish Novel tank Benzodiazepines

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Mood assessment via animated characters: An instrument to access and evaluate emotions in young children

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第1期3卷 149-157页

作者： Katharina Manassis Sandra Mendlowitz Annie Dupuis david Kreindler charles Lumsden Suneeta Monga Carly Guberman Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Objective: Mood Assessment via Animated Characters (MAAC) is a novel, computer-based instrument to improve assessment and communication about feelings in young children with internalizing distress. Well-validated assessment instruments are lacking for those under age eight years. Method: Children ages 4 - 10 years with primary diagnosis of anxiety disorder (n = 74;33 boys, 41 girls) or no diagnosis (n = 83;40 boys, 43 girls) completed MAAC for 16 feelings. Those 8 - 10 years also completed standardized measures of internalizing symptoms. Results: MAAC’s emotions clustered into positive, negative, fearful, and calm/neutral factors. Clinical children rated themselves less positive (difference score -3.18;p = 0.002) and less calm/neutral (difference score -2.06;p = 0.04), and explored fewer emotions spontaneously (difference score = -2.37;p = 0.02) than nonanxious controls. Older children’s responses correlated with scores on several standardized measures. Conclusions: MAAC appears to be highly engaging, with clinical utility in the assessment of young anxious children. Applications in other populations are considered for future study.

关键词： Anxiety Children Perception of Emotion Computer Animation Assessment

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Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems treatment response assessment: Lessons learned and future directions

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第10期12卷 738-753页

作者： Anum Aslam Richard Kinh Gian Do Avinash Kambadakone Bradley Spieler Frank H Miller Ahmed M Gabr Resmi A Charalel charles Y Kim david C Madoff Mishal Mendiratta-Lala Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48019United States Department of Radiology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065United States Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology Harvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114United States Department of Radiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Radiology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611United States Department of Interventional Radiology OHSU and Tanta UniversityEgyptPortlandOR 97239United States Department of Radiology Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065United States Department of Radiology Duke University Medical CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNC 27710United States Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States School of Medicine 1500 East Medical Center DriveUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,with rising clinical and economic burden as incidence *** are a multitude of evolving treatment options,including locoregional therapies which can be used alone,in combination with each other,or in combination with systemic *** treatment options have shown to be effective in achieving remission,controlling tumor progression,improving disease free and overall survival in patients who cannot undergo resection and providing a bridge to transplant by debulking tumor burden to downstage *** locoregional therapy(LRT),it is crucial to provide treatment response assessment to guide management and liver transplant ***,Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems(LI-RADS)Treatment Response Algorithm(TRA)was created to provide a standardized assessment of HCC following *** TRA provides a step by step approach to evaluate each lesion independently for accurate tumor *** this review,we provide an overview of different locoregional therapies for HCC,describe the expected post treatment imaging appearance following treatment,and review the LI-RADS TRA with guidance for its application in clinical *** to other publications,we will also review emerging literature supporting the use of LI-RADS for assessment of HCC treatment response after LRT.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems Treatment Response Algorithm Locoregional therapy Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems Treatment Response equivocal Arterial phase hyper enhancement Stereotactic body radiotherapy

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PHYSICAL GEOLOGY / 7th ed.

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY /

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1996年

作者： charles C. PLUMMER david MCGEARY.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: (纸本)0697266753

Includes bibliographical references and index.

关键词： Physical geology.

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