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Interactive effects of carbon dioxide, low temperature, and ultrav｜olet-B radiation on cotton seedling root and shoot morphology and growth

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第4期10卷 607-620页

作者： david brand Chathurika WIJEWARDANA Wei GAO K. Raja REDDY Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Starkwille MS 39762 USA USDA UVB Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA

Interactive effects of multiple environmental stresses are predicted to have a negative effect on cotton growth and development and these effects will be exacerbated in the future climate. The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that cotton cultivars differ in their responses to multiple environmental factors of （CO2） [400 and 750 μ*** 1 （＋（CO2）], temperature [28/20 and 20/12℃ （-T）], and UV-B radiation [0 and 10 kJ. m2. d ^-1（＋ UV- B）]. A genetic and molecular standard （TM-1） and three modern cotton cultivars （DP1522B2XE PHY496W3R, and ST4747GLB2） were grown in eight sunlit, controlled environment chambers with control treatment 400 μ***^-1 [CO2], 28/21℃ temperature, and 0 kJ UV B. The results showed significant differences among the cultivars for most of the shoot and root parameters. Plants grown under low temperature alone or as a combination with ＋ UV B treatment caused more detrimental effects on root and shoot vigor. Although the elevated CO2 treatments weakened the damaging effects of higher UV-B levels on cotton growth on all cultivars, increased CO2 could not mask the negative effects of low temperature. When comparing all cultivars, genetic standard TM-1 produced the smallest values for the majority of traits under CO2, UV-B, and low temperature either alone or in combination with other treatments. Based on principal component analysis, the four cultivars were classified as tolerant （DP1522B2XF）, intermediate （PHY496W3R and ST4747GLB2） and sensitive （TM-1） to multiple environmental *** temperature was identified as the most damaging treatment to cotton early seedling vigor while elevated CO2 caused the least. Existing variability of cotton cultivars in response tomultiple environmental stresses could allow for selection of cultivars with the best coping ability and higher lint yield for future climate change environments.

关键词： Cotton Climate change winRHIZO Princi-pal component analysis. Stress tolerance.

A protocol to develop T helper and Treg cells in vivo

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第12期14卷 1013-1016页

作者： Weiqian Chen Zhenjian Xu Yongjiang Zheng Julie Wang Wenbin Qian Nancy Olsen david brand Jin Lin Song Guo Zheng Division of Rheumatology First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang Province 310003China Division of Rheumatology Department of MedicinePenn State University Hershey College of Medicine HersheyHersheyPA 17033USA Department of Clinical Immunology Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120China Division of Hematology First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang Province 310003China Research Service Memphis VA Medical CenterMemphisTNUSA

An understanding of the development and function of T helper(Th)1,Th17 and regulatory T(Treg)cells is critical toward revealing pro-inflammatory immune responses,especially in autoimmune ***,there is no standard protocol to monitor the development of these cells over time in *** protocol details a method to generate Th1,Th17,and Treg cells in a T cell-induced colitis model in vivo and monitor their dynamic changes,which can be used for further investigations in their development from naive CD4+T cells in specific gene knockouts and background strains.

关键词： Th17 vivo Treg

Nanoscopic Tip Sensors Fabricated by Gas Phase Etching of Optical Glass Fibers

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Photonic Sensors 2012年第4期2卷 331-339页

作者： Jorg BIERLICH Jens KOBELKE david brand Konstantin KIRSCH Jan DELLITH Hartmut BARTELT IPHT Institute of Photonic Technology Albert-Einstein-Sir. 9 07745 Jena Germany EAH University of Applied Sciences Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2 07745 Jena Germany

Silica-based fiber tips are used in a variety of spectroscopic, micro- or nano-scopic optical sensor applications and photonic micro-devices. The miniaturization of optical sensor systems and the technical implementation using optical fibers can provide new sensor designs with improved properties and functionality for new applications. The selective-etching of specifically doped silica fibers is a promising method in order to form complex photonic micro structures at the end or within fibers such as tips and cavities in various shapes useful for the all-fiber sensor and imaging applications. In the present study, we investigated the preparation of geometrically predefined, nanoscaled fiber tips by taking advantage of the dopant concentration profiles of highly doped step-index fibers. For this purpose, a gas phase etching process using hydrofluoric acid （HF） vapor was applied. The shaping of the fiber tips was based on very different etching rates as a result of the doping characteristics of specific optical fibers. Technological studies on the influence of the etching gas atmosphere on the temporal tip shaping and the final geometry were performed using undoped and doped silica fibers. The influence of the doping characteristics was investigated in phosphorus-, germanium-, fluorine- and boron-doped glass fibers. Narrow exposed as well as protected internal fiber tips in various shapes and tip radiuses down to less than 15 nm were achieved and characterized geometrically and topologically. For investigations into surface plasmon resonance effects, the fiber tips were coated with nanometer-sized silver layers by means of vapour deposition and finally subjected to an annealing treatment.

关键词： Optical fiber tips nanoprobes gas phase etching doping tip shaping metal coating

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苏联自留地

世界农业 1981年第5期 7-10页

作者： david brand ,洪林

伊凡·费留迪奇先生和夫人的情况同长期受苦受难的俄国农民的形像不一样。他们有自己的房子,三间卧室家具齐全。在起居室的玻璃柜里,高级瓷器闪闪发光。四年前,他们买了一辆汽车,而现在他们在谈论换一辆新的。费留迪奇夫人一边为客人... 详细信息

伊凡·费留迪奇先生和夫人的情况同长期受苦受难的俄国农民的形像不一样。他们有自己的房子,三间卧室家具齐全。在起居室的玻璃柜里,高级瓷器闪闪发光。四年前,他们买了一辆汽车,而现在他们在谈论换一辆新的。费留迪奇夫人一边为客人倒一杯美国白兰地,一边说明他们生活比较富裕的原因,那就是他们用三分之一公顷的土地种马铃薯、黄瓜、苹果和甜菜,养了四头猪,还养了一头牛。

关键词：自留地农民劳动者苏联苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟国营农场农产品

ITK inhibitor BMS509744 ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis via shifting the balance between Th17 and regulatory Th17 cells

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ITK inhibitor BMS509744 ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthrit...

Phenotypic and functional characteristic of a newly dentified CDS＋Foxp3-CDI03＋ regulatory T cells

第十三届全国免疫学学术大会

作者： Ye Chen Julie Wang Weishan Huang david brand Avery August Song Guo Zheng Sun Yat-sen University Penn State Univ Cornell Univ Univ of Tennessee

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic inflammation disease that cannot be cured and current approaches have the severe side effects. Although the pathogenesis is not completely understood, many studies have suggested that the imbalance between Th17 cells/inflammatory cytokines and suppressive Foxp3 T regulatory cells(Tregs) is associated with the pathogenesis and development in RA progression. ITK is involved in signaling cascades mediating T-lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, and migration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The small molecule BMS509744 covalently binds ITK and inhibits the kinase activity of ITK. Here we report that BMS509744 effectively Skewed Th cells to Treg under Th17 differentiation conditions and promote Treg induction under Treg differentiation condition, and give rise to increased Foxp3 expression across TCR doses under Th17 and Treg condition, these effects can be reversed by SGK1 inhibitor. Moreover, we found that Itk inhibitor decreased mTor activity and altered metabolic marker HIF1 a and SLC3 a which regulate the balance between Th17 and Treg cells. Additionally, BMS509744 effectively ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis in mice by shifting the Th17/Treg cell balance from Th17 predominance to Treg cell predominance. Our result indicates that BMS509744 is an effective RA therapeutic.

关键词： Itk Th17 Treg SGK1 CIA

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2014年第1期8卷 81-92页

作者： Ya Liu Qin Lan Ling Lu Maogen Chen Zanxian Xia Jilin Ma Julie Wang Huimin Fan Yi Shen Bernhard Ryffel david brand Francisco Quismorio Zhongmin Liu david A. Horwitz Anping Xu Song Guo Zheng Department of Nephrology Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510120 China Division of Rheumatology and Immunology Department of Medicine University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles CA 90033 USA Institute of Immunology Shanghai East Hospital at Tongji University Shanghai200120 China University of Orleans and CNRS UMR7355 3b rue de la Ferollerie Orleans 45071 France Veterans Affairs Medical Center Memphis TN 38104 USA

TGF-β and Foxp3 expressions are crucial for the induction and functional activity of CD4＋Foxp3＋ regulatory T （iTreg） cells. Here, we demonstrate that although TGF-β-primed CD8＋ cells display much lower Foxp3 expression, their suppressive capacity is equivalent to that of CD4＋ iTreg cells, and both Foxp3- and Foxp3＋ CD8＋ subsets have suppressive activities in vitro and in vivo. CD8＋Foxp3- iTreg cells produce little IFN-γ but almost no IL-2, and display a typical anergic phenotype. Among phenotypic markers expressed in CD8＋Foxp3- cells, we identify CD103 expression particularly crucial for the generation and function of this subset. Moreover, IL-IO and TGF-β signals rather than cytotoxicity mediate the suppressive effect of this novel Treg population. Therefore, TGF-β can induce both CD8＋Foxp3- and CD8＋Foxp3＋ iTreg subsets, which may represent the unique immunoregulatory means to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

关键词： CD8+ regulatory T cells TGF-β Foxp3 CD103

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis via suppression of Th17 cells through miR-124 mediated downregulation of IL-6R

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1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment ameliorates collagen-indu...

TGF-β体外诱导产生的调节性T细胞减轻抗体介导的急性移植肾排斥

第十三届全国免疫学学术大会

作者： Li Zhou Yanmin Chen Julie Wang Rae June david brand Bernhard Ryffel Joseph A Bellanti Nancy Olsen Song Guo Zheng Sun Yat-sen University Penn State Univ Univ of Tennessee France CNRS Georgetown Univ

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is the most common arthropathy without curative drugs. Prevalence of 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3(hereafter termed VD) deficiency is 30–63% in patients with RA and VD has been used as a therapy for human RA or animal model of RA by making full use of its role in modulating immune system, but the underlying molecular mechanisms by which VD regulates T cells in RA or CIA are not fully established. This experiment is conducted to explore the possible mechanisms of VD’s regulation on T cells, especially Th17 cells in collagen-induced arthritis. BA1/J mice with CIA were intraperitoneally treated with 0.5 μg/mice VD every other day for 15 days starting one day before immunization. CIA clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses were determined by measuring the severity of joints erosion and levels of anti-CII antibody in the serum. Immune cells percentages and phenotypes, including Th1/Th17/Tregs were compared between vehicle-treated and VD-treated CIA mice. Mouse na?ve CD4 T cells were polarized to Th17 cells under certain conditions with or without different concentrations of VD, and then cells differentiated percentages, IL-6 R and miR-124 were analyzed by flow cytometry, qPCR and/or western blots. In some experiments, na?ve CD4 T cells were transduced with miR-124 inhibitor before polarized into Th17 *** significantly delayed disease onset, decreased the incidence and clinical scores of arthritis, downregulated serum anti-CII IgG levels and ameliorated bone erosion. VD downregulated Th17 while increased CD4 Foxp3Nrp-1 Treg cells in draining lymph node and synovial fluid in arthritic mice. VD inhibited Th17 cells differentiation by down-regulating IL-6 R through *** study provides an explanation for VD’s role on T cells in CIA mice or RA patient and proves that VD might be an effective drug in curing RA.

关键词： 1,25-Dihydroxycitamin D3 CIA Th17 IL-6R miR0124

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TGF-β体外诱导产生的调节性T细胞减轻抗体介导的急性移植肾排斥

Evolutionary ecology of chemosensation and its role in sensory drive

第十二届全国免疫学学术大会

作者：廖涛薛有求赵大强李思雯刘明宇陈敬荣 david brand 郑浩锋张燕楠郑颂国孙启全中山大学附属第三医院肾移植科中山大学附属第三医院临床免疫中心宾夕法尼亚大学赫尔希弥尔顿医学中心风湿免疫科中山大学生命科学院

背景:抗体介导的排斥(AMR)是导致移植肾失功的首要原因,亟需更为有效的防治方法;调节性T细胞(Treg)具有广泛的免疫调节功能,在移植免疫耐受中也起重要作用。目的:本研究旨在探讨初TGF-β诱导Treg(iTreg)对移植肾急性AMR的防治效果及其... 详细信息

背景:抗体介导的排斥(AMR)是导致移植肾失功的首要原因,亟需更为有效的防治方法;调节性T细胞(Treg)具有广泛的免疫调节功能,在移植免疫耐受中也起重要作用。目的:本研究旨在探讨初TGF-β诱导Treg(iTreg)对移植肾急性AMR的防治效果及其相应的机制。方法:5周Balb/c小鼠的脾脏分离出初始CD4细胞,体外利用TGF-β和IL-2结合CD3/CD28抗体刺激诱导成为CD4Foxp3Treg细胞。8-10周龄雄性C3H、Balb/c小鼠作为供体和受体,皮肤移植预致敏后第4天行肾移植建立急性AMR模型,未预致敏作为对照。利用该模型分为两组:1)iTreg治疗组:在皮肤移植前1天、皮肤移植当天、肾移植当天、肾移植术后第3天每次给予受体小鼠iTreg 3x10个;2)在相同时间点给予注射等量的PBS溶液。记录受体存活时间,术后第5天DSA水平;移植肾病理观察毛细血管炎、肾小管坏死、移植肾损伤、C3d和IgG沉积程度;利用流式细胞、免疫荧光、qPCR技术检测移植肾内免疫细胞浸润程度和功能。结果:初始CD4细胞在体外利用TGF-β和IL-2诱导成为的iTreg具有Treg的各种表型;利用C3H→balb/c小鼠在皮肤移植后第4天行肾移植建立的急性AMR模型满足Banff标准,受体存活时间为(6.2±1.8)天,iTreg治疗后可明显延长受体存活时间,并且使得约30%小鼠在2周观察期内长期存活;iTreg治疗可以明显减轻移植肾毛细血管炎、肾小管坏死和移植肾损伤程度。进一步机制探讨发现iTreg治疗可以显著降低受体循环DSA-IgG水平,移植肾内IgG和C3d沉积;iTreg治疗可以显著减少移植肾内CD4细胞(包括Th1、Th17和Tfh),CD8IFN-γNK细胞,B细胞和浆细胞浸润;也发现在急性AMR中,移植肾内巨噬细胞所占比例最多,而且以M1型巨噬细胞为主,而iTreg治疗显著减少M1型巨噬细胞的浸润。结论:TGF-β体外诱导产生的iTreg可以通过广泛的免疫调节功能而显著减轻抗体介导的急性移植肾排斥和损伤,iTreg的安全性在很多临床研究中已经得到证实,有望应用于临床防治急性AMR和肾移植的免疫排斥的预防。

关键词：抗体介导的排斥肾移植调节性T细胞 TGF-β 巨噬细胞

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 525-533页

作者： Laurel R. YOHE Philipp brand Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11790 USA Department of Geology & Geophysics Yale University New Haven CT 06511 USA Department of Evolution and Ecology Center for Population Biology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

All behaviors of an organism are rooted in sensory processing of signals from its environment, and nat ural selection shapes sensory adaptations to ensure successful detection of cues that maximize fitness. Sensory drive, or divergent selection for efficient signal transmission among heterogeneous environ ments, has been a useful hypothesis for describing sensory adaptations, but its current scope has pri marily focused on visual and acoustic sensory modalities. Chemosensation, the most widespread sensory modality in animals that includes the senses of smell and taste, is characterized by rapid evolu tion and has been linked to sensory adaptations to new environments in numerous lineages. Yet, olfac tion and gustation have been largely underappreciated in light of the sensory drive hypothesis. Here, we examine why chemosensory systems have been overlooked and discuss the potential of chemo sensation to shed new insight on the sensory drive hypothesis and vice versa. We provide suggestions for developing a framework to better incorporate studies of chemosensory adaptation that have the po tential to shape a more complete, coherent, and holistic interpretation of the sensory drive.

关键词： chemical signaling chemoreceptor chemosensation sensory drive olfaction