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Organophosphate pesticides an emerging environmental contaminant: Pollution, toxicity, bioremediation progress, and remaining challenges

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 234-250页

作者： himanshu Mali Chandni Shah B.h.Raghunandan Anil S.Prajapati darshan h.patel Ujjval Trivedi R.B.Subramanian P.G.Department of Biosciences UGC-Centre of Advanced StudiesSatellite CampusSardar Patel UniversitySardar Patel MaidanBakrol-Vadtal RoadBakrol 388315GujaratIndia Charotar Institute of Paramedical Sciences Charotar University of Science and Technology(CHARUSAT)Changa 388421GujaratIndia

Organophosphates(OPs)are an integral part of modern agriculture;however,due to overexploitation,OPs pesticides residues are leaching and accumulating in the soil,and groundwater contaminated terrestrial and aquatic food webs.Acute exposure to OPs could produce toxicity in insects,plants,animals,and humans.OPs are known for covalent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in pests and terrestrial/aquatic organisms,leading to nervous,respiratory,reproductive,and hepatic abnormalities.OPs pesticides also disrupt the growth-promoting machinery in plants by inhibiting key enzymes,permeability,and trans-cuticular diffusion,which is crucial for plant growth.Excessive use of OPs,directly/indirectly affecting human/environmental health,raise a thoughtful global concern.Developing a safe,reliable,economical,and eco-friendly methods for removing OPs pesticides from the environment is thus necessary.Bioremediation techniques coupled with microbes or microbial-biocatalysts are emerging as promising antidotes for OPs pesticides.here,we comprehensively review the current scenario of OPs pollution,their toxicity(at a molecular level),and the recent advancements in biotechnology(modified biocatalytic systems)for detection,decontamination,and bioremediation of OP-pesticides in polluted environments.Furthermore,the review focuses on onsite applications of OPs degrading enzymes(immobilizations/biosensors/others),and it also highlights remaining challenges with future approaches.

关键词： Organophosphorus compounds Toxicity Bioremediation Microorganisms Enzymes Biosensors

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Interpretable discovery of semiconductors with machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1150-1160页

作者： hitarth Choubisa Petar Todorović Joao M.Pina darshan h.Parmar Ziliang Li Oleksandr Voznyy Isaac Tamblyn Edward h.Sargent Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto10 King’s College RoadTorontoON M5S 3G4Canada Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of TorontoScarboroughON M1C 1A4Canada Department of Physics University of OttawaOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence TorontoON M5G 1M1Canada

Machine learning models of material properties accelerate materials discovery,reproducing density functional theory calculated results at a fraction of the cost1–6.To bridge the gap between theory and experiments,machine learning predictions need to be distilled in the form of interpretable chemical rules that can be used by experimentalists.here we develop a framework to address this gap by combining evolutionary algorithm-powered search with machine-learning surrogate models.We then couple the search results with supervised learning and statistical testing.This strategy enables the efficient search of a materials space while providing interpretable design rules.We demonstrate its effectiveness by developing rules for the design of direct bandgap materials,stable UV emitters,and IR perovskite emitters.Finally,we conclusively show how DARWIN-generated rules are statistically more robust and applicable to a wide range of applications including the design of UV halide perovskites.

关键词： preta learning perovskite

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Computational design for 4D printing of topology optimized multi-material active composites

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2342-2350页

作者： darshan Athinarayanarao Romaric Prod’hon Dominique Chamoret h.Jerry Qi Mahdi Bodaghi Jean-Claude André Frédéric Demoly ICB UMR 6303 CNRS Univ.Bourgogne Franche-ComtéUTBM90010 BelfortFrance The George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Department of Engineering School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUK LRGP UMR 7274 CNRS University of LorraineNancyFrance

Recent efforts on design for four-dimensional(4D)printing have considered the spatial arrangement of smart materials and energy stimuli.The development of multifunctional structures and their desired mechanical/actuation performances require tackling 4D printing from a multi-material design perspective.With the materials distributions there is an opportunity to increase the spectrum of design concepts with computational approaches.The main goal being to achieve the“best”distribution of material properties in a voxelized structure,a computational framework that consists of a finite element analysis-based evolutionary algorithm is presented.It fuses the advantages of optimizing both the materials distribution and material layout within a design space via topology optimization to solve the inverse design problem of finding an optimal design to achieve a target shape change by integrating void voxels.The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in providing a highly capable tool for the design of 4D-printed active composites.

关键词： composites printing topology

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Predictors of sperm recovery after cryopreservation n testicular cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第1期18卷 35-38页

作者： James M hotaling darshan P patel Christopher Vendryes Natalya A Lopushnyan Angela P Presson Chong Zhang charles h Muller Thomas J Walsh Division of Urology Department of Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA Department of Urology University of Illinois-Chicago Chicago IL 60612 USA Department of Urology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Division of Epidemiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA

Our objective was to identify predictors of improved postthaw semen quality in men with testicular cancer banking sperm for fertility preservation. We reviewed 173 individual semen samples provided by 67 men with testicular germ cell tumor （TGCT） who cryopreserved sperm before gonadotoxic treatment between 1994 and 2010 at our tertiary university medical center. Our main outcomes measures were independent predictors for the greater postthaw total motile count （TMC） in men with TGCT. Men with NSGCT were more likely to be younger （P 〈 0.01） and had high cancer stage （Ⅱ or Ⅲ, P 〈 0.01） compared with men with seminoma. In our multiple regression model, NSGCT histology, use of density gradient purification, and fresh TMC 〉 median fresh TMC each had increased odds of a postthaw TMC greater than median postthaw TMC. Interestingly, age, advanced cancer stage （11 or III）, rapid freezing protocol, and motility enhancer did not show increased odds of improved postthaw TMC in our models. In conclusion, men with TGCT or poor fresh TMC should consider preserving additional vials （at least 15 vials） before oncologic treatment. Density gradient purification should be routinely used to optimize postthaw TMC in men with TGCT. Larger, randomized studies evaluating cancer stage and various cryopreservation techniques are needed to assist in counseling men with TGCT regarding fertility preservation and optimizing cryosurvival.

关键词： cryopreservation fertility preservation seminoma testicular neoplasms

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A minimally invasive surgical approach for the treatment of piriformis syndrome: a case series

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2020年第2期6卷 76-81页

作者： Elizabeth hogan darshan Vora Jonathan h.Sherman Department of Neurosurgery the George Washington University2150 Pennsylvania AvenueNWSuite 7-420WashingtonDC 20037USA Medicine and health Sciences the George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA.

Background:Piriformis syndrome accounts for approximately 6%of patients who present with sciatic pain.There are many treatment options ranging from physical therapy,to trigger point injections,to surgical intervention.We discuss a surgical method that represents a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of piriformis syndrome.Methods:We describe a novel operative approach and technique for release of the piriformis muscle in the treatment of piriformis syndrome.Described are the preoperative planning,incision and approach,and technique for identifying and releasing the piriformis muscle.Results:Three patients were treated for piriformis syndrome using the described technique.Each patient displayed successful relief of their symptoms immediately following the surgical procedure and at delayed follow-up.Conclusion:Early experience with our method of piriformis release suggests that it is well suited for the treatment of piriformis syndrome.The novel integration of pre-operative trigger point localization coupled with intraoperative neuromonitoring allows effective pain relief with minimal morbidity.

关键词： Piriformis syndrome Sciatic nerve Minimally invasive Neuromonitoring

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Rapid visualization of latent fingerprints using novel CaSiO_3:Sm^(3+) nanophosphors fabricated via ultrasound route

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第1期37卷 32-44,M0003页

作者： R.B.Basavaraj G.P.darshan B.Daruka Prasad S.C.Sharma h.Nagabhushana Prof.C.N.R.Rao Centre for Advanced Materials Tumkur University Department of Physics Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies Department of Physics B M S Institute of Technology and ManagementVTU Affiliated Department of Mechanical Engineering Jain UniversityAdvisor Jain Group of Institutions

Latent fingerprints (LFPs) were the most significant identification method for individualization. Most commonly available fingerprints (FPs) in crime spot investigation were latent and patent types. Generally,LFPs were invisible and thus the effective visualization technique necessitates for the analysis of such FPs. In the past years, many traditional visualization techniques have been employed, but suffered with low resolution, sensitivity, contrast and high background noise. To overcome such limitations, we synthesized Sm^(3+) doped CaSiO_3 nanophosphors (NPs) via an ultrasound irradiation route using mimosa pudica (m. p.)leaves extract as a bio-surfactant. The morphological behavior of the prepared samples was extensively studied by varying the concentration of the m. p. extract, ultrasound irradiation duration, ph level of the precursor solution and sonication power. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra exhibit characteristic peaks at～561,601 and 647 nm, which were attributed to^5G_(5/2)→~6h_J(J=5/2,7/2 and 9/2) transitions of Sm^(3+) ions.The Judd-Ofelt(J-O) intensity parameters and other radiative properties were estimated using PL data. The Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates were positioned in orange-red region shows average correlated color temperature (CCT) value of～3576 K. The optimized samples can be used as a labeling agent for the visualization of LFPs on various porous and non-porous surfaces under normal light irradiation. The visualized FPs reveals well defined ridge characteristics, namely whorl, loop,arch, bifurcation, eye, island, bridge, sweat pores, etc, with high sensitivity, selectivity, low contrast and background hindrance. Aforementioned results evidence that the prepared CaSiO_3:Sm^(3+) NPs were promising luminescent materials for solid state lighting and forensic applications.

关键词： Ultrasonication,synthesis Photoluminescence Fingerprint Photometric properties Judd-Ofelt analysis Rare earths

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One pot synthesis of TiO_2:Eu^(3+) hierarchical structures as a highly specific luminescent sensing probe for the visualization of latent fingerprints

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第2期37卷 134-144页

作者： K.R.Venkatesha Babu C.G.Renuka R.B.Basavaraj G.P.darshan h.Nagabhushana Department of Physics Jnana Bharathi Campus Bangalore University Department of Physics Govt.Science College Prof.C.N.R.Rao Centre for Advanced Materials Tumakuru University Department of Physics Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies

In the present work, TiO2:Eu^(3+) (1 mol%e11 mol%) nano powders(NPs) were prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method by using Epigallocatechin Gallate(EGCG) as bio-surfactant. The optimized TiO2:Eu^(3+) (5 mol%) NPs can be used as fluorescent labeling agent for visualizing of latent fingerprints(LFPs) on various porous and non-porous surfaces. The obtained results exhibit well defined ridge details with high sensitivity, selectivity, and low background hindrance which show greater advantages as compared to conventional powders. We demonstrated the viability of high-performance security labels thorough excellent luminescence for practical anti-mimetic applications. Morphology of the prepared samples is highly dependent on ph, concentration of the bio-surfactant, temperature and time durations.Photoluminescence(PL) emission spectra exhibit intense red emission at ~ 615 nm due to electric dipole transition(~5 D_0/~7 F_2). Photometric(CIE and CCT) results clearly show the intense warm red emission of the optimized samples. Therefore, this work offers a superior and universal luminescent label, which can be applied to visualize miniature LFPs particulars for individualization and consequently display great prospective in forensic investigation.

关键词： Nano powder Photoluminescence Latent fingerprints Bio-surfactant Rare earths

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Review of X-ray and computed tomography scan findings with a promising role of point of care ultrasound in COVID-19 pandemic

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World Journal of Radiology 2020年第9期12卷 195-203页

作者： darshan Gandhi Kriti Ahuja hemal Grover Pranav Sharma Shantanu Solanki Nishant Gupta Love patel Department of Radiology Northwestern Memorial HospitalChicagoIL 60611United States Department of Internal Medicine John H Stroger Jr.Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Diagnostic Radiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai WestNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Diagnostic Radiology Vascular and Interventional RadiologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical CenterMinneapolisMN 55455United States Department of Internal Medicine Guthrie Robert Packer HospitalSayrePA 18840United States Department of Radiology Bassett HealthcareCooperstownNY 13326United States Division of hospital Medicine Abbott Northwestern HospitalAllina HealthMinneapolisMN 55407United States

As healthcare professionals continue to combat the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection worldwide,there is an increasing interest in the role of imaging and the relevance of various modalities.Since imaging not only helps assess the disease at the time of diagnosis but also aids evaluation of response to management,it is critical to examine the role of different modalities currently in use,such as baseline X-rays and computed tomography scans carefully.In this article,we will draw attention to the critical findings for the radiologist.Further,we will look at point of care ultrasound,an increasingly a popular tool in diagnostic medicine,as a component of COVID-19 management.

关键词： X-ray Computed tomography Point of care ultrasound COVID-19 Coronavirus Wuhan

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Flux blended synthesis of novel Y2O3：Eu^3＋ sensing arrays for highly sensitive dual mode detection of LFPs on versatile surfaces

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第9期36卷 954-964页

作者： K.N. Venkatachalaiah h. Nagabhushana R.B. Basavaj G.R darshan B. Daruka Prasad S.C. Sharma Department of Physics Amrito School of Engineering Amrito Vishwa Vidyapeethom Amrita University Bengoluru 560035 India Research and Development Center Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641046 India Prof. C.N.R. Rao Centre for Advanced Material Science Tumakuru University Tumakuru 572103 India Department of Physics Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies Bangalore 560107 India Department of Physics B.M.S. Institute of Technology and Management Visveswaraya Technological University affiliated Bangalore 560064 India honorary Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Jain University Advisor Jain Croup of Institutions Bangalore 560069 India

In the present communication,various fluxes blended Y2 O3：Eu3＋（5 mol%） nanopowders（NPs） were successfully fabricated by solution combustion method.PXRD pattern confirms body-centered cubic structure of the prepared samples.Energy band gap（Eg） of the fabricated products was estimated and is found to be in the range of 3.13-3.32 eV.Photoluminescence（PL） emission spectra exhibit sharp and intense peaks at ～579,592,614,657,704 nm corresponding to 5 D0→7 FJ（J = 0,1,2,3 and 4） transitions of Eu3＋ ions.Significance of fluxes for enhancing the PL emissions was extensively studied.Photometric studies of the prepared samples are located in pure red region.Optimized NPs were explored as a novel sensing agent for visualization of latent fingerprints（LFPs） on various surfaces including porous,semiporous and non-porous surfaces followed by powder dusting technique.Various experiments including aging,temperature,scratching and aquatic fresh water treatment tests were performed to evaluate applicability of the fabricated NPs.Visualized LFPs exhibit well defined ridge details including most authenticated sweat pores are also revealed with high sensitivity,selectivity,little background hindrance and less toxicity.Aforementioned results evidence that the method and fabricated NPs can be considered to be simple,rapid and economical and provide novel sensing platform for LFPs visualization in prospective forensic applications.

关键词： Fluxes Photoluminescence Latent fingerprint Sweat pores Forensic applications Rare earths

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Rational design of monovalent ions （Li,Na,K） co-doped ZnAl2O4:Eu3+ nanocrystals enabling versatile robust latent fingerprint visualization

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第7期37卷 699-705页

作者： F.Femila Komahal h.Nagabhushana R.B.Basavaraj G.P.darshan hajeebaba K.Inamdar S.C.Sharma B.Daruka Prasad C.N.R.Rao Centre for Advanced Materials Research Tumkur UniversityTumkur-572 103India Department of Physics Acharya Institute of Graduate StudiesBangalore-560 107India Department of Physics J.B.Institute of Engineering&Technology(Autonomous)MoinabadPR.DistrictHyderabad-75India National Assessment and Accreditation Council Bangalore 560 072India Department of Physics B.M.S.Institute of TechnologyVisveswaraya Technological UniversityBangalore 560064India

Alkali metal ions(M+ = Na+,Li+,K+) co-doped ZnAl2O4:Eu3+(5 mol%)(ZAE) nanopowders(NPs) were prepared via solution combustion route using Mimosa pudica(MP) leaves extract as a fuel. PXRD results of co-doped samples enhance the crystallinity and grain growth. Photoluminescence(PL) of the prepared ZAE and ZAE:M+(M+ = Na+, Li+, K+) NPs shows intense emission peaks in the range of 550-750 nm and ascribed to 5D0→7FJ(J=0-4) transitions of Eu3+ ions, respectively. A 2-fold enhancement in PL intensity was observed in Li+ co-doped samples. The optimized ZnAl2O4:Eu3+(5 mol%), Li+(1 wt%)(ZAEL)NPs were used to visualize LFPs on various porous, semi-porous and non-porous surfaces through robust powder dusting technique. The visualized latent fingerprints(LFPs) reveal well defined level 1-3 ridge characteristics under several tests such as fingerprint aging and fresh water treatment for various time durations. The obtained results clearly evidence that the prepared NPs are quite useful for multifunctional applications such as advanced forensic and solid state lightning.

关键词： Photoluminescence Latent fingerprints Solid state lightning Alkali metal ions Rare earths

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