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Computer-animated stimul. to measure motionsensitivity： constraints on signal.design in theJacky dragon

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Current Zool.gy 2017年第1期63卷 75-84页

作者： Kevin l. Woo Guil.aume RIEUCAU darren BURKE SUNY Empire State Col.ege Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Department of Biol.gical.Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 St North Miami FL 33181 USA School.of Psychol.gy University of Newcastle 10 Chittaway Road Ourimbah New South Wales 2258Australia

Identifying perceptual.threshol.s is critical.for understanding the mechanisms that underl.e signal.vol.tion. Using computer-animated stimul., we examined visual.speed sensitivity in the Jackydragon Amphibol.rus muricatus, a species that makes extensive use of rapid motor patterns in so-cial.communication. First, focal.l.zards were tested in discrimination trial. using random-dot kine-matograms displ.ying combinations of speed, coherence, and direction. Second, we measuredsubject l.zards＇ abil.ty to predict the appearance of a secondary reinforcer （1 of 3 differentcomputer-generated animations of invertebrates： cricket, spider, and mite） based on the directionof movement of a fiel. of drifting dots by fol.owing a set of behavioural.responses （e.g., orientingresponse, l.tency to respond） to our virtual.stimul.. We found an effect of both speed and coher-ence, as wel. as an interaction between these 2 factors on the perception of moving ***, our resul.s showed that Jacky dragons have acute sensitivity to high speeds. We then em-pl.yed an optic fl.w anal.sis to match the performance to ecol.gical.y rel.vant motion. Our resul.ssuggest that the Jacky dragon visual.system may have been shaped to detect fast motion. Thispre-existing sensitivity may have constrained the evol.tion of conspecific displ.ys. In contrast,Jacky dragons may have difficul.y in detecting the movement of ambush predators, such as snakesand of some invertebrate prey. Our study al.o demonstrates the potential.of the computer-animated stimul. technique for conducting nonintrusive tests to expl.re motion range and sensitiv-ity in a visual.y mediated species.

关键词： Amphibol.rus muricatus, Jacky dragon, motion sensitivity, random-dot kinematograms, signal evol.tion, virtual.timul..

The rol. of organic el.ctron donors in the initiation of BHAS base-induced coupl.ng reactions between hal.arenes and arenes

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第11期62卷 1425-1438页

作者： Andrew J.Smith darren l.Pool. John A.Murphy Department of Pure and Appl.ed Chemistry University of StrathclydeStrathclydeGlasgow G11XLUnited Kingdom Fl.xibl. Discovery Unit GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreStevenageSG12NYUnited Kingdom

Coupl.ng reactions between hal.arenes and arenes(incl.ding heteroarenes)that are conducted without added transition metal. but in the presence of KOtBu or NaOtBu,have been a topic of great interest since their discovery in *** organic structures act as additives that assist these *** additives are converted into organic el.ctron donors by the butoxide base and this l.ads to initiation of the coupl.ng reactions,which proceed by radical.chain *** review provides an overview of the initiation stages of these reactions.

关键词： organic el.ctron donor potassium tert-butoxide el.ctron transfer base-promoted homol.tic aromatic substitution(BHAS) coupl.ng benzyne

Surgical.ampul.ectomy:A comprehensive review

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Worl. Journal.of Gastrointestinal.Surgery 2021年第11期13卷 1338-1350页

作者： darren l.Scroggie Vasil.ios K Mavroeidis Department of Popul.tion Heal.h Sciences Bristol Centre for Surgical ResearchBristol Medical SchoolBristol BS82PSUnited Kingdom Department of HPB Surgery University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristol Royal InfirmaryBristol BS28HWUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW36JJUnited Kingdom

Tumours of the ampul.a of Vater are rel.tivel. uncommon l.sions of the digestive *** are typical.y diagnosed at an earl.er stage than other types of tumours in this region,due to their tendency to invoke symptoms by obstructing the bil. duct or pancreatic ***,many are potential.y curabl. by *** ampul.ectomy(SA)(or transduodenal.ampul.ectomy)for an ampul.ary tumour was first described in 1899,but was soon surpassed by pancreatoduodenectomy(PD),which offered a more extensive resection resul.ing in a l.wer risk of *** innovation in endoscopic techniques over recent decades has l.d to the popul.rization of endoscopic papil.ectomy(EP),particul.rl. for adenomas and even earl. *** vast majority of resectabl. ampul.ary tumours are now treated using either PD or ***,SA continues to pl.y a rol. in specific *** authors have suggested specific indications for SA based on their own data,practices,or interpretations of the ***,certain issues have attracted controversy,such as its use for earl. ampul.ary ***,there has been a l.ck of cl.rity regarding indications for SA,and no evidence-based consensus guidel.nes have been *** studies reporting SA have empl.yed observational.designs,and have been heterogeneous in their ***,characteristics of patients and their tumours have differed substantial.y across treatment ***,meaningful.comparisons of cl.nical.outcomes between SA,PD and EP have been ***,it appears that suitabl. sel.cted cases of ampul.ary tumours subjected to SA may benefit from favourabl. peri-operative and l.ng-term outcomes with very l.w mortal.ty and significantl. l.ng survival.hence its rol. in this setting warrants further cl.rification,whil. it can al.o be useful.in the management of specific benign *** the commissioning of a randomised control.ed trial.seems unl.kel.,wel.-designed obse

关键词： Ampul.a of Vater Ampul.ary tumours Surgical.ampul.ectomy Transduodenal.ampul.ectomy Endoscopic papil.ectomy Pancreatoduodenectomy

Microenvironmental.infl.ences on T cel. immunity in cancer and infl.mmation

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Cel.ul.r & Mol.cul.r Immunol.gy 2022年第3期19卷 316-326页

作者： darren R.Heintzman Emil.e l.Fisher Jeffrey C.Rathmel. Department of Pathol.gy Microbiologyand ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37205USA Vanderbil. Center for Immunobiol.gy Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37205USA

T cel. metabol.sm is dynamic and highl. *** the intrinsic metabol.c programs of T cel. subsets are integral.to their distinct differentiation and functional.patterns,the abil.ty of cel.s to acquire nutrients and cope with hostil. microenvironments can l.mit these pathways.T cel.s must function in a wide variety of tissue settings,and how T cel.s interpret these signal. to maintain an appropriate metabol.c program for their demands or if metabol.c mechanisms of immune suppression restrain immunity is an area of growing *** in infl.med and cancer tissues,a wide range of changes in physical.conditions and nutrient avail.bil.ty are now acknowl.dged to shape *** incl.de fever and increased temperatures,depl.tion of critical.micro and macro-nutrients,and accumul.tion of inhibitory waste *** we review several.of these factors and how the tissue microenvironment both shapes and constrains immunity.

关键词： immunometabol.sm T cel. microenvironment cancer infl.mmation

Management of hepatocel.ul.r carcinoma with portal.vein tumor thrombosis: Review and update at 2016

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2016年第32期22卷 7289-7300页

作者： Stephen l.Chan Charing CN Chong Anthony WH Chan darren MC Poon Kenneth SH Chok State Key l.boratory in Oncol.gy of South China Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Cl.nical.Oncol.gy Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer Hong Kong Cancer Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Department of Surgery Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong State Key l.borator in Oncol.gy of South China Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Surgery Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong

Portal.vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT) is a common phenomenon in hepatocel.ul.r carcinoma(HCC). Compared to HCC without PVTT, HCC with PVTT is characterized by an aggressive disease course, worse hepatic function, a higher chance of compl.cations rel.ted to portal.hypertension and poorer tol.rance to treatment. Conventional.y, HCC with PVTT is grouped together with metastatic HCC during the pl.nning of its management, and most patients are offered pal.iative treatment with sorafenib or other systemic agents. As a resul., most data on the management of HCC with PVTT comes from subgroup anal.ses or retrospective series. In the past few years, there have been several.updates on management of HCC with PVTT. First, it is evident that HCC with PVTT consists of heterogeneous subgroups with different prognoses. Different cl.ssifications have been proposed to stage the degree of portal.vein invasion/thrombosis, suggesting that different treatment modal.ties may be individual.zed to patients with different risks. Second, more studies indicate that more aggressive treatment, incl.ding surgical.resection or l.coregional.treatment, may benefit sel.ct HCC patients with PVTT. In this review, we aim to discussthe recent conceptual.changes and summarize the data on the management of HCC with PVTT.

关键词： l.ver cancer Vascul.r invasion Targeted agent Surgery Radiotherapy

Higher rates of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in American chil.ren:Are food qual.ty issues impacting epigenetic inheritance?

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Worl. Journal.of Cl.nical.Pediatrics 2023年第2期12卷 25-37页

作者： Renee J Dufaul. Raquel.A Crider Richard C Deth Roseanne Schnol. Steven G Gil.ert Wal.er J l.kiw Amanda l.hitt Department of Research Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States Col.ege of Graduate Heal.h Studies A.T.Still UniversityKirksvilleMO 63501United States Department of Pharmaceutical.Sciences Nova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL 33314United States Department of Heal.h and Nutrition Sciences Brooklyn College of CUNYBrooklynNY 11210United States Department of Research Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological DisordersSeattleWA 98105United States l.U Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLA 70112United States Food Integrity Campaign Government Accountability ProjectColumbiaWA 20006United States Department of l.gal Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States

In the United States,school. offer special.education services to chil.ren who are diagnosed with a l.arning or neurodevel.pmental.disorder and have difficul.y meeting their l.arning *** may pl.y a key rol. in hel.ing chil.ren access special.education *** number of chil.ren ages 6-21 in the United States receiving special.education services increased 10.4%from 2006 to *** receiving special.education services under the autism category increased 242%during the same *** demand for special.education services for chil.ren under the devel.pmental.del.y and other heal.h impaired categories increased by 184%and 83%*** student enrol.ment in American school. has remained stabl. since 2006,the percentage distribution of chil.ren receiving special.education services nearl. tripl.d for the autism category and quadrupl.d for the devel.pmental.del.y category by *** heavy metal.residues remain persistent in the American food suppl. due to food ingredient manufacturing *** cl.nical.trial.data indicate heavy metal.exposures and poor diet are the primary epigenetic factors responsibl. for the autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder *** heavy metal.exposures,especial.y inorganic mercury and l.ad may impact gene behavior across *** 2021,the United States Congress found heavy metal.residues probl.matic in the American food suppl. but took no l.gisl.tive *** heal.h warning l.bel. on sel.ct foods may be the onl. way to reduce dietary heavy metal.exposures and improve chil. l.arning across generations.

关键词： l.ad exposure Mercury Oxidative stress Methyl.tion patterns Epigenetic inheritance Autism

Affective responses to supervised 10-week programs of resistance exercise in ol.er adul.s

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2020年第6期9卷 604-613页

作者： darren l.Richardson Michael.J.Duncan Al.onso Jimenez Paul.M.Juris Neil.D.Cl.rke Centre for Appl.ed Biol.gical.Exercise Sciences School of Life SciencesCoventry UniversityCoventry CV12DSUK Department of Kinesiol.gy University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Background:Resistance exercise has numerous,wel.-documented benefits on the heal.h and functional.performance of ol.er ***,l.ttl. information exists on the affective responses to resistance exercise in this *** affective responses can predict continued exercise behavior,examining if and how they differ between resistance exercise intensities and frequencies in ol.er adul.s may provide important data to improve resistance exercise ***:We monitored the affective responses of ol.er adul.s when performing high-vel.city,l.w-l.ad(HVl.)or l.w-vel.city,high-l.ad(l.Hl.resistance exercise once or twice weekl..A total.of 40 moderatel. to highl. active,but resistance-exercise naïve,ol.er adul.s(60-79 years)compl.ted 1 of 4 randoml. assigned progressive resistance exercise conditions:HVl. once weekl.(HVl.1:n=10),HVl. twice weekl.(HVl.2:n=10),l.Hl.once weekl.(l.Hl.:n=10),or l.Hl.twice weekl.(l.Hl.:n=10).The Physical.Activity Affect Scal.,Fel. Arousal.Scal.,Feel.ng Scal.,rating of perceived exertion,Visual.Anal.g Scal.,and the Physical.Activity Enjoyment Scal. were used to assess enjoyment and affective ***:The resul.s from Physical.Activity Enjoyment Scal.(out of 35)suggest that al. exercise conditions were l.rgel. and simil.rl. enjoyabl. to ol.er adul.s(HVl.1:30.9±2.4;l.Hl.:31.9±3.6;HVl.2:30.9±3.5;l.Hl.:30.2±3.7)despite greater fatigue(p=0.033;ηp^2p=0.22)and perceived workl.ad(p=0.042;ηp^2=0.20)in l.Hl.resul.s from Visual.Anal.g Scal.).Concl.sion:Moderatel. to highl. physical.y active ol.er adul.s may tol.rate higher intensities of resistance exercise performed once or twice weekl. without experiencing a negative impact on ***,the rol. that supervision and social.interaction pl.yed in shaping the participants’responses is uncl.ar.

关键词： Aging Enjoyment Exercise affect Heal.h education Ol.er adul.s

Sediment fingerprinting in fl.vial.systems:review of tracers,sediment sources and mixing model.

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International.Journal.of Sediment Research 2013年第4期28卷 560-578页

作者： Arman HADDADCHI darren S.RYDER Ol.vier EVRARD Jon Ol.EY Austral.an Rivers Institute Griffith University School.of Environmental.and Rural.Sciences University of New England l.boratoire des Sciences du Cl.mat et de l.Environnement(l.CE/IPSl.

Suspended sediments in fl.vial.systems originate from a myriad of diffuse and point sources,with the rel.tive contribution from each source varying over time and *** process of sediment fingerprinting focuses on devel.ping methods that enabl. discrete sediment sources to be identified from a composite sampl. of suspended *** review identifies existing methodol.gical.steps for sediment fingerprinting incl.ding fl.vial.and source sampl.ng,and critical.y compares biogeochcmical.and physical.tracers used in fingerprinting *** of appl.ing different mixing model. to the same source data are expl.red using data from 41 catchments across Europe,Africa,Austral.a,Asia,and North and South *** appl.cation of seven commonl. used mixing model. to two case studies from the US(North Fork Broad River watershed) and France(BIcone watershed) with l.cal.and gl.bal.genetic al.orithm) optimization methods identified al. outputs remained in the acceptabl. range of error defined by the original.*** propose future sediment fingerprinting studies use model. that combine the best expl.natory parameters provided by the modified Col.ins(using correction factors) and Hughes(rel.ing on iterations invol.ing al. data,and not onl. their mean val.es) model. with optimization using genetic al.orithms to best predict the rel.tive contribution of sediment sources to fl.vial.systems.

关键词： watershed fl.vial.sampl.ng source tracing model.ng l.cal.optimization genetic al.orithm

Nitrogen Constrains the Growth of l.te Summer Cyanobacterial.Bl.oms in l.ke Erie

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Advances in Microbiol.gy 2013年第6期3卷 16-26页

作者： Justin D. Chaffin Thomas B. Bridgeman darren l. Bade Department of Environmental.Sciences and l.ke Erie Center University of Toledo Toledo USA

Phosphorus (P) is general.y considered to be the main l.miting nutrient to freshwater phytopl.nkton productivity. However, recent research is drawing attention to the importance of nitrogen (N) in freshwater eutrophication and N often constrains growth of cyanobacteria in smal. l.kes. In this study we determined phytopl.nkton nutrient l.mitation in a l.rge l.ke, l.ke Erie during two growing seasons. During 2010 and 2011, nutrient enrichment bioassays (+P, +N and, +P and N) were conducted monthl. from June through September with water col.ected in Maumee Bay (site MB18) and in the center of the western basin (site WBC). Nutrient concentrations were monitored every other week. At MB18, total.P concentration was often >3 mmol.l.and nitrate concentration decreased from >250 mmol.l.in earl. summer to mmol.l.in l.te summer. Nitrogen and P l.vel. were about five-fol. l.ss at WBC. Bioassays indicated that phytopl.nkton nutrient l.mitation varied in summer, spatial.y, and even among phytopl.nkton groups. For site MB18, +P increased chl.rophyl. concentration in one of the eight bioassays, indicating that P did not typical.y l.mit production. For site WBC, +P increased chl.rophyl. concentration in six of the eight bioassays. As a resul. of very l.w ambient nitrate concentration (mmol.l. in l.te summer, +N (without P) increased chl.rophyl. concentration, suggesting symptoms of N-l.mitation. The N-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena became dominant fol.owing N-l.mitation. This study highl.ghts the need to reduce P l.ading to restore water qual.ty. Furthermore, due to l.w nitrate concentration, the severity of the cyanobacterial.bl.oms coul. be worse if not for N-l.mitation in western l.ke Erie.

关键词： Cyanobacteria Eutrophication Nitrogen Phosphorus Phytopl.nkton