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Surgical ampullectomy:A comprehensive review

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第11期13卷 1338-1350页

作者： darren l scroggie Vasileios K Mavroeidis Department of Population Health Sciences Bristol Centre for Surgical ResearchBristol Medical SchoolBristol BS82PSUnited Kingdom Department of HPB Surgery University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristol Royal InfirmaryBristol BS28HWUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW36JJUnited Kingdom

Tumours of the ampulla of Vater are relatively uncommon lesions of the digestive *** are typically diagnosed at an earlier stage than other types of tumours in this region,due to their tendency to invoke symptoms by obstructing the bile duct or pancreatic ***,many are potentially curable by *** ampullectomy(SA)(or transduodenal ampullectomy)for an ampullary tumour was first described in 1899,but was soon surpassed by pancreatoduodenectomy(PD),which offered a more extensive resection resulting in a lower risk of *** innovation in endoscopic techniques over recent decades has led to the popularization of endoscopic papillectomy(EP),particularly for adenomas and even early *** vast majority of resectable ampullary tumours are now treated using either PD or ***,SA continues to play a role in specific *** authors have suggested specific indications for SA based on their own data,practices,or interpretations of the ***,certain issues have attracted controversy,such as its use for early ampullary ***,there has been a lack of clarity regarding indications for SA,and no evidence-based consensus guidelines have been *** studies reporting SA have employed observational designs,and have been heterogeneous in their ***,characteristics of patients and their tumours have differed substantially across treatment ***,meaningful comparisons of clinical outcomes between SA,PD and EP have been ***,it appears that suitably selected cases of ampullary tumours subjected to SA may benefit from favourable peri-operative and long-term outcomes with very low mortality and significantly long survival,hence its role in this setting warrants further clarification,while it can also be useful in the management of specific benign *** the commissioning of a randomised controlled trial seems unlikely,well-designed obse

关键词： Ampulla of Vater Ampullary tumours Surgical ampullectomy Transduodenal ampullectomy Endoscopic papillectomy Pancreatoduodenectomy

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Protective effects of cyclosporine and its analog NIM-811 in a murine model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

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liver Research 2024年第1期8卷 46-53页

作者： Joshua Hefler Rena Pawlick Braulio A.Marfil-Garza Aducio Thiesen Nerea Cuesta-Gomez Sanaz Hatami darren H.Freed Constantine Karvellas David l.Bigam A.M.James Shapiro Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada CHRISTUS-latAm Hub Excellence&Innovation Center MonterreyMexico Alberta Diabetes Institute University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Clinical Islet Transplant Program University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Department of laboratory Medicine&Pathology Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada

Background and aim:The liver is susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)during hepatic surgery,when the vessels are compressed to control bleeding,or liver transplantation,when there is an obligate period of *** hallmark of IRI comprises mitochondrial dysfunction,which generates reactive oxygen species,and cell death through necrosis or ***(CsA),which is a well-known immunosuppressive agent that inhibits calcineurin,has the additional effect of inhibiting the mito-chondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP),thereby,preventing mitochondrial swelling and ***-811,which is the nonimmunosuppressive analog of CsA,has a similar effect on the *** this study,we tested the effect of both agents on mitigating warm hepatic IRI in a murine *** and methods:Before ischemic insult,the mice were administered with intraperitoneal normal saline(control);CsA at 2.5,10,or 25 mg/kg;or NIM-811 at 10 mg/***,the mice were subjected to partial warm hepatic ischemia by selective pedicle clamping for 60 min,followed by 6 h of recovery after *** alanine transaminase(AlT)was measured,and the liver tissue was examined histologically for the presence of apoptosis and the levels of inflammatory ***:Compared with the control mice,the mice treated with 10 and 25 mg/kg of CsA and NIM-811 had significantly lower AlT levels(Ply).Moreover,the liver tissue showed reduced histological injury scores after treatment with CsA at 2.5,10,and 25 mg/kg and NIM-811(P=0.041,ly)and significant decrease in apoptosis after treatment with CsA at all doses(P=0.012,0.007,andly).levels of the pro-inflammatory cyto-kines,particularly interleukin(Il)-1β,Il-2,Il-4,Il-10,and keratinocyte chemoattractant/human growth-regulated oncogene significantly decreased in the mice treated with the highest dose of CsA(25 mg/kg)than those in the control ***

关键词： Cyclosporine(CsA) Cyclosporine analogue liver surgery Ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) Animal model NIM-811

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Computer-animated stimuli to measure motionsensitivity： constraints on signal design in theJacky dragon

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 75-84页

作者： Kevin l. Woo Guillaume RIEUCAU darren BURKE SUNY Empire State College Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 St North Miami FL 33181 USA School of Psychology University of Newcastle 10 Chittaway Road Ourimbah New South Wales 2258Australia

Identifying perceptual thresholds is critical for understanding the mechanisms that underlie signalevolution. Using computer-animated stimuli, we examined visual speed sensitivity in the Jackydragon Amphibolurus muricatus, a species that makes extensive use of rapid motor patterns in so-cial communication. First, focal lizards were tested in discrimination trials using random-dot kine-matograms displaying combinations of speed, coherence, and direction. Second, we measuredsubject lizards＇ ability to predict the appearance of a secondary reinforcer （1 of 3 differentcomputer-generated animations of invertebrates： cricket, spider, and mite） based on the directionof movement of a field of drifting dots by following a set of behavioural responses （e.g., orientingresponse, latency to respond） to our virtual stimuli. We found an effect of both speed and coher-ence, as well as an interaction between these 2 factors on the perception of moving ***, our results showed that Jacky dragons have acute sensitivity to high speeds. We then em-ployed an optic flow analysis to match the performance to ecologically relevant motion. Our resultssuggest that the Jacky dragon visual system may have been shaped to detect fast motion. Thispre-existing sensitivity may have constrained the evolution of conspecific displays. In contrast,Jacky dragons may have difficulty in detecting the movement of ambush predators, such as snakesand of some invertebrate prey. Our study also demonstrates the potential of the computer-animated stimuli technique for conducting nonintrusive tests to explore motion range and sensitiv-ity in a visually mediated species.

关键词： Amphibolurus muricatus, Jacky dragon, motion sensitivity, random-dot kinematograms, signal evolution, virtualstimuli.

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The role of organic electron donors in the initiation of BHAS base-induced coupling reactions between haloarenes and arenes

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第11期62卷 1425-1438页

作者： Andrew J.Smith darren l.Poole John A.Murphy Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of StrathclydeStrathclydeGlasgow G11XLUnited Kingdom Flexible Discovery Unit GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreStevenageSG12NYUnited Kingdom

Coupling reactions between haloarenes and arenes(including heteroarenes)that are conducted without added transition metals but in the presence of KOtBu or NaOtBu,have been a topic of great interest since their discovery in *** organic structures act as additives that assist these *** additives are converted into organic electron donors by the butoxide base and this leads to initiation of the coupling reactions,which proceed by radical chain *** review provides an overview of the initiation stages of these reactions.

关键词： organic electron donor potassium tert-butoxide electron transfer base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution(BHAS) coupling benzyne

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Microenvironmental influences on T cell immunity in cancer and inflammation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第3期19卷 316-326页

作者： darren R.Heintzman Emilie l.Fisher Jeffrey C.Rathmell Department of Pathology Microbiologyand ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37205USA Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37205USA

T cell metabolism is dynamic and highly *** the intrinsic metabolic programs of T cell subsets are integral to their distinct differentiation and functional patterns,the ability of cells to acquire nutrients and cope with hostile microenvironments can limit these pathways.T cells must function in a wide variety of tissue settings,and how T cells interpret these signals to maintain an appropriate metabolic program for their demands or if metabolic mechanisms of immune suppression restrain immunity is an area of growing *** in inflamed and cancer tissues,a wide range of changes in physical conditions and nutrient availability are now acknowledged to shape *** include fever and increased temperatures,depletion of critical micro and macro-nutrients,and accumulation of inhibitory waste *** we review several of these factors and how the tissue microenvironment both shapes and constrains immunity.

关键词： immunometabolism T cell microenvironment cancer inflammation

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large-scale genome-wide SNP analysis reveals the rugged(and ragged)landscape of global ancestry,phylogeny,and demographic history in chicken breeds

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第4期25卷 324-340页

作者： Natalia V.DEMENTIEVA Yuri S.SHCHERBAKOV Olga I.STANISHEVSKAYA Anatoly B.VAKHRAMEEV Tatiana A.lARKINA Artem P.DYSIN Olga A.NIKOlAEVA Anna E.RYABOVA Anastasiia I.AZOVTSEVA Olga V.MITROFANOVA Grigoriy K.PEGlIVANYAN Natalia R.REINBACH darren K.GRIFFIN Michael N.ROMANOV Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the l.K.Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry.Pushkin St.Petersburg196601Russia School of Biosciences University of KentCanterburyCT27NJUK l.K.Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry DubrovitsyPodolskMoscow Oblast142132Russia

The worldwide chicken gene pool encompasses a remarkable,but shrinking,number of divergently selected breeds of diverse *** study was a large-scale genome-wide analysis of the landscape of the complex molecular architecture,genetic variability,and detailed structure among 49 *** populations represent a significant sample of the world's chicken breeds from Europe(Russia,Czech Republic,France,Spain,UK,etc.),Asia(China),North America(USA),and Oceania(Australia).Based on the results of breed genotyping using the Illumina 60K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)chip,a bioinformatic analysis was carried *** included the calculation of heterozygosity/homozygosity statistics,inbreeding coefficients,and effective population *** also included assessment of linkage disequilibrium and construction of phylogenetic *** multidimensional scaling,principal component analysis,and ADMIXTURE-assisted global ancestry analysis,we explored the genetic structure of populations and subpopulations in each *** overall 49-population phylogeny analysis was also performed,and a refined evolutionary model of chicken breed formation was proposed,which included egg,meat,dual-purpose types,and ambiguous *** a large-scale survey of genetic resources in poultry farming using modern genomic methods is of great interest both from the viewpoint of a general understanding of the genetics of the domestic chicken and for the further development of genomic technologies and approaches in poultry *** general,whole genome SNP genotyping of promising chicken breeds from the worldwide gene pool will promote the further development of modern genomic science as applied to poultry.

关键词： Chicken genome diversity Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)analysis Gene pool Global ancestry Phylogeny Demographic history

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Affective responses to supervised 10-week programs of resistance exercise in older adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第6期9卷 604-613页

作者： darren l.Richardson Michael J.Duncan Alfonso Jimenez Paul M.Juris Neil D.Clarke Centre for Applied Biological&Exercise Sciences School of Life SciencesCoventry UniversityCoventry CV12DSUK Department of Kinesiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Background:Resistance exercise has numerous,well-documented benefits on the health and functional performance of older ***,little information exists on the affective responses to resistance exercise in this *** affective responses can predict continued exercise behavior,examining if and how they differ between resistance exercise intensities and frequencies in older adults may provide important data to improve resistance exercise ***:We monitored the affective responses of older adults when performing high-velocity,low-load(HVll)or low-velocity,high-load(lVHl)resistance exercise once or twice weekly.A total of 40 moderately to highly active,but resistance-exercise naïve,older adults(60-79 years)completed 1 of 4 randomly assigned progressive resistance exercise conditions:HVll once weekly(HVll1:n=10),HVll twice weekly(HVll2:n=10),lVHl once weekly(lVHl1:n=10),or lVHl twice weekly(lVHl2:n=10).The Physical Activity Affect Scale,Felt Arousal Scale,Feeling Scale,rating of perceived exertion,Visual Analog Scale,and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale were used to assess enjoyment and affective ***:The results from Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale(out of 35)suggest that all exercise conditions were largely and similarly enjoyable to older adults(HVll1:30.9±2.4;lVHl1:31.9±3.6;HVll2:30.9±3.5;lVHl2:30.2±3.7)despite greater fatigue(p=0.033;ηp^2p=0.22)and perceived workload(p=0.042;ηp^2=0.20)in lVHl(results from Visual Analog Scale).Conclusion:Moderately to highly physically active older adults may tolerate higher intensities of resistance exercise performed once or twice weekly without experiencing a negative impact on ***,the role that supervision and social interaction played in shaping the participants’responses is unclear.

关键词： Aging Enjoyment Exercise affect Health education Older adults

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Sediment fingerprinting in fluvial systems:review of tracers,sediment sources and mixing models

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第4期28卷 560-578页

作者： Arman HADDADCHI darren S.RYDER Olivier EVRARD Jon OllEY Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University School of Environmental and Rural Sciences University of New England laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement(lSCE/IPSl)

Suspended sediments in fluvial systems originate from a myriad of diffuse and point sources,with the relative contribution from each source varying over time and *** process of sediment fingerprinting focuses on developing methods that enable discrete sediment sources to be identified from a composite sample of suspended *** review identifies existing methodological steps for sediment fingerprinting including fluvial and source sampling,and critically compares biogeochcmical and physical tracers used in fingerprinting *** of applying different mixing models to the same source data are explored using data from 41 catchments across Europe,Africa,Australia,Asia,and North and South *** application of seven commonly used mixing models to two case studies from the US(North Fork Broad River watershed) and France(BIcone watershed) with local and global(genetic algorithm) optimization methods identified all outputs remained in the acceptable range of error defined by the original *** propose future sediment fingerprinting studies use models that combine the best explanatory parameters provided by the modified Collins(using correction factors) and Hughes(relying on iterations involving all data,and not only their mean values) models with optimization using genetic algorithms to best predict the relative contribution of sediment sources to fluvial systems.

关键词： watershed fluvial sampling source tracing modeling local optimization genetic algorithm

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Diversity,endemism and conservation of the freshwater crabs of China(Brachyura:Potamidae and Gecarcinucidae)

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第1期6卷 45-55页

作者： Neil CUMBERlIDGE Peter K.l.NG darren C.J.YEO Tohru NARUSE Kirstin S.MEYER lara J.ESSER Department of Biology Northern Michigan UniversityMarquetteMichiganUSA Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore University of the Ryukyus NishiharaOkinawaJapan Imperial College University of LondonLondonUK

China lies at the heart of the global center of freshwater crab diversity in tropical Asia,where the 2 most diverse families occur:Potamidae(505 species,95 genera)and Gecarcinucidae(344 species,59 genera).China stands out as the country with the highest species richness of freshwater crabs *** fauna comprises 243 species in 37 genera and in 2 families,and species discovery is still progressing at a rapid *** vast majority of the species are distributed in southwest,south central and eastern China in the Oriental zoogeographical *** also stands out as having a highly endemic freshwater crab fauna at the species level(96%)and at the genus level(78%).Although the recent International Union for the Conservation of Nature(IUCN)red list conservation assessment found only 6 out of 228 species(2%)to be threatened(5 potamids and 1 gecarcinucid),the majority(more than 75%)of Chinese species are regarded as data deficient,so the number of threatened species is likely to be a serious *** from increasing habitat destruction and pollution are a major concern due to the rapidly growing economy and massive developments taking place in *** is therefore an urgent need for increased species exploration and for the development of a conservation strategy for China’s threatened(and potentially threatened)endemic freshwater crab species.

关键词： China conservation distribution endemism Potamoidea

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large-diameter trees, snags, and deadwood in southern Utah, USA

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 130-141页

作者： James A.lutz Soren Struckman Tucker J.Furniss Joseph D.Birch larissa *** darren J.McAvoy Department of Wildland Resources S.J.and Jessie E.Quinney College of Natural ResourcesUtah State University5230 Old Main HillLoganUT 84322-5230USA. Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada.

Background:The epidemic Dendroctonus rufipennis(spruce beetle)outbreak in the subalpine forests of the Colorado Plateau in the 1990s killed most larger Picea engelmannii(Engelmann spruce)*** quarter century later,the larger snags are beginning to fall,transitioning to deadwood(down woody debris)where they may influence fire behavior,regeneration,and habitat ***:We tracked all fallen trees≥1 cm in diameter at breast height(1.37-m high)and mapped all pieces of deadwood≥10-cm diameter and≥1 m in length within 13.64 ha of a high-elevation mixed-species forest in the Picea–Abies zone annually for 5 years from 2015 through *** examined the relative contribution of Picea engelmannii to snag and deadwood pools relative to other species and the relative contributions of large-diameter trees(≥33.2 cm at this subalpine site).We compared spatially explicit mapping of deadwood to traditional measures of surface fuels and introduce a new method for approximating vertical distribution of ***:In this mixed-species forest,there was relatively high density and basal area of live Picea engelmannii 20 years after the beetle outbreak(36 trees ha^(−1) and 1.94 m^(2) ha^(−1)≥10-cm diameter)contrasting with the near total mortality of mature Picea in forests *** from tree boles≥10-cm diameter on the ground had biomass of 42 Mg ha^(−1),7 Mg ha^(−1) of Picea engelmannii,and 35 Mg ha^(−1) of other *** live aboveground biomass was 119 Mg ha^(−1),while snag biomass was 36 Mg ha^(−1).Mean total fuel loading measured with planar transects was 63 Mg ha^(−1) but varied more than three orders of magnitude(0.1 to 257 Mg ha^(−1)).Planar transects recorded 32 Mg ha^(−1) of wood≥7.62-cm diameter compared to the 42 Mg ha^(−1) of wood≥10-cm diameter recorded by explicit *** pieces of deadwood were often stacked,forming a vertical structure likely to contribute to active fire ***:Bark beetle mortality in the 1990s has made

关键词： Cedar Breaks National Monument Dendroctonus rufipennis Utah Forest Dynamics Plot Vertical fuel structure

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