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Proximal femur Bionic Nail (PFBN): A Panacea for Unstable Intertrochanteric femur Fracture

Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 152-158页

作者： Kaixuan zhang Wei Chen Yingze zhang School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Hebei Province The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051China Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang 050051China National Health Commission(NHC)Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopeadic Equipment The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051China Chinese Academy of Engineering Beijing 100088China

With the aging population,intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly has become one of the most serious public health issues and a hot topic of research in trauma *** to the limitations of internal fixation techniques and the insufficient mechanical design of nails,the occurrence of complications delays patient recovery after surgical *** of a proximal femur bionic nail(PFBN)based on zhang’s N triangle theory provides triangular supporting fixation,which dramatically decreases the occurrence of complications and has been widely used for clinical treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture *** this work,we developed an equivalent biomechanical model to analyze improvement in bone remodeling of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture through PFBN *** results show that compared with proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA)and InterTan,PFBN can dramatically decrease the maximum strain in the proximal *** on Frost’s mechanostat theory,the local mechanical environment in the proximal femur can be regulated into the medium overload region by using a PFBN,which may render the proximal femur in a state of physiological overload,favoring post-operative recovery of intertrochanteric femur fracture in the *** work shows that PFBN may constitute a panacea for unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture and provides insights into improving methods of internal fixation.

关键词： Intertrochanteric femur fracture Internal fixation Proximal femur bionic nail(PFBN) Biomechanics Bone remodeling

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Oxygen reduction electrocatalysis:From conventional to single-atomic platinum-based catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第2期18卷 206-222页

作者： Cheng YUAN Shiming zhang Jiujun zhang Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Platinum(Pt)-based materials are still the most efficient and practical catalysts to drive the sluggish kinetics of cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,their catalysis and stability performance still need to be further improved in terms of corrosion of both carbon support and Pt catalyst particles as well as Pt loading *** on the developed synthetic strategies of alloying/nanostructuring Pt particles and modifying/innovating supports in developing conventional Pt-based catalysts,Pt single-atom catalysts(Pt SACs)as the recently burgeoning hot materials with a potential to achieve the maximum utilization of Pt are comprehensively reviewed in this *** design thoughts and synthesis of various isolated,alloyed,and nanoparticlecontained Pt SACs are *** single-atomic Pt coordinating with non-metals and alloying with metals as well as the metal-support interactions of Pt single-atoms with carbon/non-carbon supports are emphasized in terms of the ORR activity and stability of the *** advance further research and development of Pt SACs for viable implementation in PEMFCs,various technical challenges and several potential research directions are outlined.

关键词： oxygen reduction electrocatalysis Pt singleatom catalysts conventional Pt-based catalysts design thoughts and synthesis metal-support interactions

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Value Iteration-Based Cooperative Adaptive Optimal Control for Multi-Player Differential games With Incomplete Information

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第3期11卷 690-697页

作者： Yun zhang Lulu zhang Yunze Cai the Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240 the Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of ChinaShanghai 200240China

This paper presents a novel cooperative value iteration(VI)-based adaptive dynamic programming method for multi-player differential game models with a convergence *** players are divided into two groups in the learning process and adapt their policies *** method removes the dependence of admissible initial policies,which is one of the main drawbacks of the PI-based ***,this algorithm enables the players to adapt their control policies without full knowledge of others’ system parameters or control *** efficacy of our method is illustrated by three examples.

关键词： Adaptive dynamic programming incomplete information multi-player differential game value iteration

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Nanophononic metamaterials induced proximity effect in heat flux regulation

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 149-156页

作者： Jian zhang Haochun zhang gang zhang School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore 138632Singapore

Recent studies have shown that the construction of nanophononic metamaterials can reduce thermal conductivity without affecting electrical properties,making them promising in many fields of application,such as energy conversion and thermal ***,although extensive studies have been carried out on thermal conductivity reduction in nanophononic metamaterials,the local heat flux characteristic is still *** this work,we construct a heat flux regulator which includes a silicon nanofilm with silicon *** regulator has remarkable heat flux regulation ability,and various impacts on the regulation ability are ***,even in the region without nanopillars,the local heat current is still lower than that in pristine silicon nanofilms,reduced by the neighboring nanopillars through the thermal proximity *** combine the analysis of the phonon participation ratio with the intensity of localized phonon modes to provide a clear *** findings not only provide insights into the mechanisms of heat flux regulation by nanophononic metamaterials,but also will open up new research directions to control local heat flux for a broad range of applications,including heat management,thermoelectric energy conversion,thermal cloak,and thermal concentrator.

关键词： nanophononic metamaterials proximity effect

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Experimentally Ruling Out Joint Reality Based on Locality with Device-Independent Steering

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第1期41卷 1-5页

作者： Shuaining zhang Xiang zhang Zhiyue Zheng Wei zhang Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation(Ministry of Education) Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

As an essential concept to understand the world,whether the real values(or physical realities)of observables are suitable to physical systems beyond the classic has been debated for many *** standard nogo results based on Bell inequalities have ruled out the joint reality of incompatible quantum observables,the possibility of giving simple yet strong arguments to rule out joint reality in any physical system(not necessarily quantum)with weaker assumptions and less observables has been explored and proposed ***,we perform a device-independent experiment on a two-qubit superconducting system to show that the joint reality of two observables is incompatible with locality under the weaker assumption of the reality of observables in a single space-time region(or single qubit).Our results clearly show the violation of certain inequalities derived from both linear and nonlinear *** addition,we study the robustness of the linear and nonlinear criterion against the effect of systematic *** demonstration opens up the possibility of delineating classical and non-classical boundaries with simpler nontrivial quantum system.

关键词： observable quantum system

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Improving lipid production by Rhodotorula glutinis for renewable fuel production based on machine learning

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 23-35页

作者： Lihe zhang Changwei zhang Xi Zhao Changliu He Xu zhang National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Collage of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 10029China

Microbial lipid fermentation encompasses intricate complex cell growth processes and heavily relies on expert experience for optimal *** modeling of the fermentation process assists researchers in making intelligent decisions,employing logical reasoning and strategic planning to optimize lipid *** this study,the effects of medium components and concen-trations on lipid fermentation were investigated,*** then,leveraging the collated data,a variety of machine learning algorithms were used to model and optimize the lipid fermentation *** models,based on artificial neural networks and support vector machines,achieved R?values all higher than 0.93,ensuring accurate predictions of the fermentation *** linear regression was used to evaluate the respective target parameter,which were affected by the medium components of lipid ***,single and multi-objective optimiza-tion were conducted for lipid fermentation using the genetic *** results demonstrated the maximum biomass of 50.3 g·L^(-1) and maximum lipid concentration of 14.1 g:L^(-1) with the error between the experimental and predicted values less than 5%.The results of the multi-objective optimization reveal the synergistic and competitive relationship between biomass,lipid concentration,and conversion rate,which lay a basis for in-depth optimization and amplification.

关键词： microbial lipid machine learning artificial neural network support vector machine genetic algorithm

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Optimising multi-vent module-based adaptive ventilation using a novel parameter for improved indoor air quality and health protection

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 113-130页

作者： Haotian zhang Xiaoxiao Ding Weirong zhang Weijia zhang Yingli Xuan Key Laboratory of green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Department ofArchitecture TokyoPolytechnic UniversityTokyoJapan

As infectious respiratory diseases are highly transmissible through the air,researchers have improved traditional total volume air distribution systems to reduce infection ***-vent module-based adaptive ventilation(MAV)is a novel ventilation type that facilitates the switching of inlets and outlets to suit different indoor scenarios without changing ductwork ***,little research has evaluated MAV module sizing and air velocity selection,both related to MAV system efficiency in removing contaminants and the corresponding level of protection for occupants in the ventilated ***,the module-source offset ratio(MSOR)is proposed,based on the MAV module size and its distance from an infected occupant,to inform selection of optimal MAV module *** fluid dynamics simulations illustrated contaminant distribution in a two-person MAV equipped *** phase particles modelled respiratory contaminants from the infected occupant,and contaminant concentration distributions were compared under four MAV air distribution layouts,three air velocities,and three module sizes considered using the *** indicate that lower air velocities favour rising contaminant levels,provided the ventilation rate is *** contaminant discharge can be achieved when the line of outlets is located directly above the infected *** this parameter to guide MAV system design,85.7% of contaminants may be rendered harmless to the human body within 120 s using the default air vent layout.A more appropriate supply air velocity and air vent layout increases this value to 91.4%.These results are expected to inform the deployment of MAV systems to reduce airborne infection risk.

关键词： multi-vent module-based adaptive ventilation computational fluid dynamics indoor air quality infection control

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Non-isothermal kinetics and characteristics of calcium carbide nitridation reaction with calcium-based additives

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 49-61页

作者： Zhihan zhang Mengxiao Yu Xiaoyu zhang Jinli zhang You Han School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192China

The nitridation reaction of calcium carbide and N_(2) at high temperatures is the key step in the production of ***,the challenges faced by this process,such as high energy consumption and poor product quality,are mainly attributed to the lack of profound understanding of the *** study aimed to improve this process by investigating the non-isothermal kinetics and reaction characteristics of calcium carbide nitridation reaction at different heating rates(10,15,20,and 30℃·min^(-1))using thermogravimetric *** kinetic equation for the nitridation reaction of additive-free calcium carbide sample was obtained by combining model-free methods and model-fitting *** effect of different calcium-based additives(CaCl_(2) and CaF_(2))on the reaction was also *** results showed that the calcium-based additives significantly reduced reaction temperature and activation energy E_(a) by about 40% with CaF_(2) and by 55%-60% with CaCl_(2).The reaction model f(α)was also changed from contracting volume(R3)to 3-D diffusion models with D3 for CaCl_(2) and D4 for CaF_(2).This study provides valuable information on the mechanism and kinetics of calcium carbide nitridation reaction and new insights into the improvement of the lime-nitrogen process using calcium-based additives.

关键词： lime-nitrogen calcium carbide calciumbased additive thermogravimetric analysis nonisothermal kinetics

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Neurotoxicity of tetramethylammonium ion on larval and juvenile zebrafish:Effects on neurobehaviors and multiple biomarkers

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 138-147页

作者： Ruixin zhang Rui Wang Jiajun Chang gDaniel Sheng Daqiang Yin Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide(TMAH)is an important compound that utilized and released by the rapidly expanding semiconductor industry,which could hardly be removed by the conventional wastewater treatment *** a cholinergic agonist,the tetramethylammonium ion(TMA^(+))has been reported to induce toxicity to muscular and respiratory systems of mammals and human,however the toxicity on aquatic biota remains poorly *** investigated the neurotoxic effects of TMA^(+)exposure on zebrafish,based on neurobehavior tests and a series of *** inhibitions on the swimming distance of zebrafish larvae were observed when the exposure level exceeded 50 mg/L,and significant alterations on swimming path angles(straight and deflective movements)occurred even at 10 mg/*** tested neurobehavioral endpoints of zebrafish larvae were significantly positively correlated with reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdehyde(MDA),significantly negatively related with the activities of antioxidant enzymes,but not significantly correlated with the level of acetylcholinesterase(AChE).Such relationship indicates that the observed neurotoxic effects on swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae is mainly driven by oxidative stress,rather than the alterations of *** the highest exposure concentration(200 mg/L),TMA^(+)evoked more severe toxicity on zebrafish juveniles,showing significantly stronger elevation on the MDA activity,and greater inhibitions on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and ACh E,suggesting juveniles were more susceptible to TMA^(+)exposure than larval zebrafish.

关键词： Tetramethylammonium Zebrafish Oxidative stress Acetylcholinesterase Neurobehavior

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Particle size spatial distribution in landslide dams

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1886-1903页

作者： zhang Jingyi zhang Jianmin State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

The particle composition and spatial distribution of landslide-induced dam bodies are critical geotechnical parameters for studying the hazards of dam-break ***,current research often neglects the influence of the initial particle composition and spatial distribution of the landslide on the particle composition and spatial distribution of the landslide *** study investigated the impact of initial particle size distribution,volume,and sliding length on the energy and velocity changes of characteristic particles during the sliding process and the spatial distribution of particle sizes in the landslide dam *** simulations and physical models were employed to examine the effects of sequential gradient arrangements(where particle sizes decrease from top to bottom)and four other different initial particle arrangements on the energy and velocity changes of particles and the spatial distribution of particle sizes in the dam *** study reveals the characteristics of translational and rotational energy of different particles and the laws of mechanical energy conversion,obtaining the spatial distribution patterns of particle sizes in landslide-induced *** results show that under the sequential gradient arrangement,the energy dissipation of the landslide movement is lower,with larger particles mainly distributed at the distal end and smaller particles at the proximal end of the landslide *** contrast,under the reverse gradient arrangement,the energy dissipation of the landslide movement is higher,and the distribution pattern of the dam particles is opposite to that of the sequential gradient *** the other arrangement modes,the spatial distribution of dam particles falls between the aforementioned *** is a positive correlation between particle size and translational kinetic energy within the particle flow during the landslide process,and rotational motion increases energy *** constant slope conditions,sliding

关键词： Particle size distribution Landslide Numerical simulation Discrete element method

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