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The phytochemical components of walnuts and their application for geographical origin based on chemical markers

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第4期6卷 562-570页

作者： Runhong Mo Yuewen Zheng Zhanglin Ni danyu shen Yihua Liu Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryFuyang DistrictHangzhouChina

Place of origin has an important influence on walnut quality and commercial value,which results in the requirement of rapid geographical traceability ***,a method for geographical origin identification of walnuts on the basis of nutritional quality of walnuts from China was *** concentrations of 43 phytochemical components were analyzed in walnut samples from five different walnut-producing regions of *** on 14 chemical markers selected by the Random Forest method from these phytochemical components,a new discriminant model for geographical origin was built,with the corresponding correct classification rate of 99.3%.In addition,the quantitative quality differences of walnuts from five regions were analyzed,with values of 0.17–***,the top three chemical markers for the geographical origin discriminant analysis were Mo,V,and stearic acid,with contribution rates of 26.8%,18.9%,and 10.9%,*** study provides a potentially viable method for application in food authentication.

关键词： Walnut chemical marker geographical origin Random Forest method discriminant model

The Pythium periplocum elicitin PpEli2 confers broad-spectrum disease resistance by triggering a novel receptor-dependent immune pathway in plants

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Horticulture Research 2023年第2期10卷 41-52页

作者： Kun Yang Yi Wang Jialu Li Yaxin Du Ying Zhai Dong Liang danyu shen Rui Ji Xuexiang Ren Hao Peng Maofeng Jing Daolong Dou Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health Department of Plant PathologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Plant Pathology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei 230001China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Elicitins are microbe-associated molecular patterns produced by oomycetes to elicit plant *** is still unclear whether elicitins derived from non-pathogenic oomycetes can be used as bioactive molecules for disease ***,for the first time we identify and characterize an elicitin named PpEli2 from the soil-borne oomycete Pythium periplocum,which is a non-pathogenic mycoparasite colonizing the root ecosystem of diverse plant *** by a novel cell surface receptor-like protein,REli,that is conserved in various plants(***,pepper,soybean),PpEli2 can induce hypersensitive response cell death and an immunity response in Nicotiana ***,PpEli2 enhances the interaction between REli and its co-receptor *** receptor-dependent immune response triggered by PpEli2 is able to protect various plant species against Phytophthora and fungal ***,our work reveals the potential agricultural application of non-pathogenic elicitins and their receptors in conferring broad-spectrum resistance for plant protection.

关键词： elicitin soybean soil

Identification of atypical T4SS effector proteins mediating bacterial defense

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mLife 2023年第3期2卷 295-307页

作者： Xi shen Zixiang Yang Zihan Li Dan Xiong Jinxing Liao Weimei He danyu shen Xiaolong Shao Ben Niu Yongxing He Yong-Gui Gao Guoliang Qian State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and PestsCollege of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina College of Life Science Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

To remain competitive,proteobacteria use various contact-dependent weapon systems to defend against microbial *** bacterial-killing type IV secretion system(T4SS)is one such powerful *** commonly controls the killing/competition between species by secreting the lethal T4SS effector(T4E)proteins carrying conserved XVIPCD domains into competing *** this study,we sought knowledge to understand whether the bacterial-killing T4SS-producing bacteria encode T4E-like proteins and further explore their biological *** achieve this,we designed a T4E-guided approach to discover T4E-like proteins that are designated as atypical ***,this approach required scientists to perform simple BlastP search to identify T4E homologs that lack the XVIPCD domain in the genomes of T4SS-producing *** homologous genes were then screened in Escherichia coli to identify antibacterial candidates(atypical T4Es)and their neighboring detoxification proteins,followed by testing their gene cotranscription and validating their physical *** this approach,we did discover two atypical T4E proteins from the plant-beneficial Lysobacter enzymogenes and the phytopathogen Xanthomonas *** also provided substantial evidence to show that the atypical T4E protein Le1637-mediated bacterial defense in interspecies interactions between *** and its ***,the newly designed T4E-guided approach holds promise for detecting functional atypical T4E proteins in bacterial cells.

关键词： atypical effectors defense immunity protein T4SS toxic

Environmental behaviors of phoxim with two formulations in bamboo forest under soil surface mulching

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第9期27卷 91-100页

作者： Yihua Liu Zhanglin Ni Runhong Mo danyu shen Donglian Zhong Fubin Tang Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry

Phoxim（emulsifiable concentrate（EC） and granules（G）） has been widely used in bamboo forests. The persistence and magnitude of phoxim residues in the crop and soil must be investigated to ensure human and environmental safety. The environmental behaviors of the two formulations were investigated in a bamboo forest under soil surface mulching conditions（CP） and non-covered cultivation conditions（NCP）. The half-lives of phoxim in soil under the two conditions in soil were 4.1–6.2 days（EC） and 31.5–49.5 days（G）,respectively. Phoxim in EC could be leached from the topsoil into the subsoil. A minimized leaching effect was observed for G under NCP. Inversely, an enhanced leaching effect was observed for G under CP. The G formulation resulted in more parent compound（in bamboo shoots） and metabolite（in soil） residues of phoxim than in the case of EC, especially under CP conditions. In addition, the intensity and duration of the formulation effect on soil p H adjustment from G were more obvious than that from EC. Results showed that the environmental behaviors（distribution, degradation, residue） of phoxim in the bamboo forest were significantly influenced by the type of formulation. The prolongation effect from phoxim G might cause persistence and long-term environmental risk. However,bamboo shoot consumption could be considered relatively safe after applying the recommended dose of the two phoxim formulations.

关键词： Phoxim Formulation Residue Bamboo Soil surface mulching

Co-evolved plant and blast fungus ascorbate oxidases orchestrate the redox state of host apoplast to modulate rice immunity

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Molecular Plant 2022年第8期15卷 1347-1366页

作者： Jiexiong Hu Muxing Liu Ao Zhang Ying Dai Weizhong Chen Fang Chen Wenya Wang danyu shen Mary Jeanie Telebanco-Yanoria Bin Ren Haifeng Zhang Huanbin Zhou Bo Zhou Ping Wang Zhengguang Zhang Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural Universityand Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and PestsMinistryof EducationNanjingChina The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina Genetics and Biotechnology Division International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosLaguna 4031Philippines State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of Microbiology Immunologyand ParasitologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA

Apoplastic ascorbate oxidases(AOs)play a critical role in reactive oxygen species(RoS)-mediated innate host immunity by regulating the apoplast redox *** date,little is known about how apoplastic effectors of the riceblast fungus Magnaportheoryzaemodulate the apoplast redox state of rice to subvert plant *** this study,we demonstrated that *** MoAo1 is an Ao that plays a role in virulence by modulating the apoplast redox status of rice *** showed that MoAo1 inhibits the activity of rice OsAO3and OsAO4,which also regulate the apoplast redox status and plant *** addition,we found that MoAo1,OsAO3,andOsAO4 allexhibit polymorphic variations whosevaried interactions orchestrate pathogen virulence and rice *** together,our results reveal a critical role for extracellular redox enzymes during rice blast infection and shed light on the importance of the apoplast redox state anditsregulation inplant-pathogeninteractions.

关键词： apoplast redox state RoS ascorbate oxidase polymorphism rice blast host immunity

Making Use of Plant uORFs to Control Transgene Translation in Response to Pathogen Attack

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BioDesign Research 2022年第1期2022卷 381-394页

作者： Gan Ai Jin Liu Xiaowei Fu Tianli Li Hai Zhu Ying Zhai Chuyan Xia Weiye Pan Jialu Li Maofeng Jing danyu shen Ai Xia Daolong Dou College of Plant Protection Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Plant Pathology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

Reducing crop loss to diseases is urgently needed to meet increasing food production challenges caused by the expanding world population and the negative impact of climate change on crop ***-resistant crops can be created by expressing endogenous or exogenous genes of interest through transgenic ***,enhanced resistance by overexpressing resistance-produced genes often results in adverse developmental *** open reading frames(uORFs)are translational control elements located in the 5′untranslated region(UTR)of eukaryotic mRNAs and may repress the translation of downstream *** investigate the function of three uORFs from the 5′-UTR of ACCELERATED CELL 11(uORFsACD11),we develop a fluorescent reporter system and find uORFsACD11 function in repressing downstream gene *** or simultaneous mutations of the three uORFsACD11 lead to repression of downstream translation efficiency at different ***,uORFsACD11-mediated translational inhibition is impaired upon recognition of pathogen attack of plant *** coupled with the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1(PR1)promoter,the uORFsACD11 cassettes can upregulate accumulation of Arabidopsis thaliana LECTIN RECEPTOR KINASE-VI.2(AtLecRKVI.2)during pathogen attack and enhance plant resistance to Phytophthora *** findings indicate that the uORFsACD11 cassettes can be a useful toolkit that enables a high level of protein expression during pathogen attack,while for ensuring lower levels of protein expression at normal conditions.

关键词： expressing crops impaired

Unlocking the bacterial contact-dependent antibacterial activity to engineer a biocontrol alliance of two species from natural incompatibility to artificial compatibility

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Stress Biology 2021年第1期1卷 230-242页

作者： Qianhua Wu Bozhen Wang Xi shen danyu shen Bingxin Wang Qinggang Guo Tao Li Xiaolong Shao Guoliang Qian College of Plant Protection Laboratory of Plant ImmunityKey Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and PestsNanjing Agricultural UniversityNo.1 WeigangNanjingJiangsu 210095People’s Republic of China Institute of Plant Protection Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesIntegrated Pest Management Center of Hebei ProvinceKey Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaBaoding 071000People’s Republic of China Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 200241People’s Republic of China

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)contain various biocontrol bacteria with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity,and their single species has been extensively applied to control crop *** development of complex biocontrol community by mixing two or more PGPR members together is a promising strategy to enlarge the efficacy and scope of ***,an effective method to assess the natural compatibility of PGPR members has not yet been established to ***,we developed such a tool by using the bacterial contactdependent antibacterial activity(CDAA)as a *** showed that the CDAA events are common in two-species interactions in the four selected representative PGPRs,represented by the incompatible interaction of Lysobacter enzymogenes strain OH11(OH11)and Lysobacter antibioticus strain OH13(OH13).We further showed that the CDAA between OH11 and OH13 is jointly controlled by a contact-dependent killing device,called the type IV secretion system(T4SS).By deleting the respective T4SS synthesis genes,the T4SS in both strains was co-inactivated and this step unlocked their natural CDAA,resulting in an engineered,compatible mutant alliance that co-displayed antibacterial and antifungal ***,this study reveals that releasing bacterial CDAA is effective to rationally engineer the biocontrol community.

关键词： PGPR Biocontrol Contact-dependent antibacterial activity T4SS Engineering

Targeting of anti-microbial proteins to the hyphal surface amplifies protection of crop plants against Phytophthora pathogens

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Molecular Plant 2021年第8期14卷 1391-1403页

作者： Yang Zhou Kun Yang Qiang Yan Xiaodan Wang Ming Cheng Jierui Si Xue Xue danyu shen Maofeng Jing Brett M.Tyler Daolong Dou Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity College of Plant ProtectionAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China College of Plant Protection China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100091China Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Phytophthora pathogens are a persistent threat to the world's commercially important agricultural crops,including potato and *** strategies aim at reducing crop losses rely mostly on disease-resistance breeding and chemical pesticides,which can be frequently overcome by the rapid adaptive evolution of *** crops with intrinsic disease resista nee offer a promising alternative and con tinue to be ***,we explored Phytophthora-derived PI3P(phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate)as a novel control target,using proteins that bind this lipid to direct secreted anti-microbial peptides and proteins(AMPs)to the surface of Phytophthora *** transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana,soybean,and potato plants,significantly enhanced resistance to different pathogen isolates was achieved by expression of two AMPs(GAFP1 or GAFP3 from the Chinese medicinal herb Gastrodia elata)fused with a PI3P-specific binding domain(FYVE).Using the soybean pathogen *** as an example,we demonstrated that the FYVE domain could boost the activities of GAFPs in multiple independent assays,including those performed in vitro,in vivo,and in *** analysis of *** PI3K1 and PI3K2 genes of this pathogen confirmed that the enhanced activities of the targeted GAFPs were correlated with PI3P levels in the ***,our study provides a new strategy that could be used to confer resistance not only to Phytophthora pathogens in many plants but also potentially to many other kinds of plant pathogens with unique targets.

关键词： Phytophthora PI3P AMPs transgenic plants disease resistance

Editing of an effector gene promoter sequence impacts plant-Phytophthora interaction

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第3期62卷 378-392页

作者： Sylvans Ochola Jie Huang Haider Ali Haidong Shu danyu shen Min Qiu Liyuan Wang Xi Li Han Chen Alex Kange Dinah Qutob Suomeng Dong Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests(Ministry of Education) Nanjing 210095China Department of Math and Science Walsh UniversityNorth CantonOH 44720USA

Pathogen avirulence(Avr) effectors interplay with corresponding plant resistance(R) proteins and activate robust plant immune responses. Although the expression pattern of Avr genes has been tied to their functions for a long time, it is still not clear how Avr gene expression patterns impact plant-microbe interactions. Here, we selected Ps Avr3b, which shows a typical effector gene expression pattern from a soybean root pathogen Phytophthora sojae. To modulate gene expression, we engineered Ps Avr3b promoter sequences by in situ substitution with promoter sequences from Actin(constitutive expression), Ps XEG1(early expression), and Ps NLP1(later expression) using the CRISPR/Cas9. Ps Avr3b driven by different promoters resulted in distinct expression levels across all R the tested infection time points. Importantly, those mutants with low Ps Avr3b expression successfully colonized soybean plants carrying the cognate R gene Rps3b. To dissect the difference in plant responses to the Ps Avr3b expression level, we conducted RNA-sequencing of different infection samples at 24 h postinfection and found soybean immune genes,including a few previously unknown genes that are associated with resistance. Our study highlights that fine-tuning in Avr gene expression impacts the compatibility of plant disease and provides clues to improve crop resistance in disease control management.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 infection soybean