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Molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in humans in Southern Ethiopia:a triosephosphate isomerase gene-targeted analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 179-188页

作者： Mengistu Damitie Zeleke Mekonnen Tadesse Getahun dante santiago Luc Leyns Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology Jimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia School of Medical Laboratory Sciences Jimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Bioengineering SciencesVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium

Background:Giardia duodenalis is a species complex consisting of multiple genetically distinct *** species imposes a major public health crisis on developing ***,the molecular diversity,transmission dynamics and risk factors of the species in these countries are *** study was conducted to determine the molecular epidemiology of *** infection in asymptomatic individuals in Southern ***:From March to June 2014,fresh stool samples were collected from 590 randomly selected ***-demographic data were gathered using a pre-tested structured *** genotyping was done using triosephosphate isomerase gene-based nested polymerase chain reaction and DNA *** genetic identity and relatedness of isolates were determined using the basic local alignment search tool and phylogenetic *** factors associated with *** infection were analysed using binary and multinomial logistic regression ***:The results showed that 18.1%(92/509)of the study subjects were infected by *** the isolates,35.9%(33/92)and 21.7%(20/92)were sub-typed into assemblages A and B,respectively,whereas 42.4%(39/92)showed mixed infections of A and *** of the assemblage A isolates(94%,31/33)were 100%identical to sequences registered in GenBank,of which the majority belonged to sub-assemblage ***,the high genetic variability and frequency of double peaks made sub-genotyping of assemblage B more problematic and only 20%(4/20)of the isolates matched 100%with the *** risk factors of age(P=0.032)and type of drinking water source(P=0.003)both showed a significant association with the occurrence *** ***:This study established the endemicity of *** in Southern *** with assemblage A was more frequent than with assemblage B,and the rate of infection was higher in children and in municipal/tap and open spring water con

关键词： Giardia duodenalis Assemblage Molecular epidemiology Risk factors Triosephosphate isomerase gene Ethiopia

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Joint effect among p53, CYP1A1, GSTM1 polymorphism combinations and smoking on prostate cancer risk： an exploratory genotype-environment interaction study

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2006年第A03期8卷 349-355页

作者： Luis A. Quinones Carlos E. Irarrázabal Claudio R. Rojas Cristian E. Orellana Cristian Acevedo Christian Huidobro Nelson E. Varela dante D. Cáiceres Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics Faculty of Medicine Biomedical Science Institute（ICBM） University of Chile lndependencia 1027 Santiago Chile Department of Urology National Cancer Corporation Chile Capellán Abarzúa 027 Providencia Santiago Chile Epidemiology Division School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Chile lndependencia 939Santiago Chile

Aim： To assess the role of several genetic factors in combination with an environmental factor as modulators of prostate cancer risk. We focus on allele variants of low-penetrance genes associated with cell control, the detoxification processes and smoking. Methods： In a case-control study we compared people carrying p53cd72 Pro allele, CYP1A1 M1 allele and GSTM1 null genotypes with their prostate cancer risk. Results： The joint risk for smokers carrying Pro^＊ and MI^＊, Pro^＊ and GSTM1null or GSTM1 null and CYP1A1 MI^＊ variants was significantly higher （odds ratio [OR]： 13.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 2.41-71.36; OR： 3.97, 95% CI： 1.13-13.95 and OR： 6.87, 95% CI： 1.68-27.97, respectively） compared with that for the reference group, and for non-smokers was not significant. OR for combinations among p53cd72, GSTM1 and CYP1A1 M1 in smokers were positively and significantly associated with prostate cancer risk compared with non-smokers and compared with the putative lowest risk group （OR： 8.87, 95% CI： 1.25-62.71）. Conclusion： Our results suggest that a combination of p53cd72, CYP1A1, GSTM1 alleles and smoking plays a significant role in modified prostate cancer risk on the study population, which means that smokers carrying susceptible genotypes might have a significantly higher risk than those carrying non-susceptible genotypes.

关键词： p53cd72 GSTM1 CYP1A1 genetic polymorphism prostate cancer risk smoking

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Exposure to Fine Particles by Mine Tailing and Lung Function Effects in a Panel of Schoolchildren,Chanaral,Chile

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第2期6卷 118-128页

作者： Karla Yohannessen Vasquez Sergio Alvarado Orellana Stephanie Mesias Monsalve Jose Klarian Vergara Claudio Silva Zamora Daniella Vidal Munoz dante D.Caceres Lillo Programa de Salud Ambiental Escuela de Salud PublicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiago de ChileChile Grups de Recerca d’America i AfricaLlatines Unitat de BioestadisticaFacultat de MedicinaUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaEspana Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de TarapacaAricaChile Departamento de Prevencion de Riesgos y Medio Ambiente Universidad Tecnologica MetropolitanaSantiagoChile

There is much literature on the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on respiratory and cardiovascular health. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of PM2.5 on a population living in the vicinity of a massive deposit of mine tailings. A longitudinal panel study was performed to evaluate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and acute effects on lung function in schoolchildren from November 2012 to May 2013. Ambient levels of PM2.5 and its metal composition were measured. Lung function was evaluated using spirometric testing. Associations were quantified using GEE multilevel analysis controlling for confounders by using different lag time periods. The chemical characterization of PM2.5 had high levels of S > Na > Cl > Ca > Si > Fe > Al > Mg > K > Cu > Ti > and Zn, which would be associated with metals present in tailings. We found a negative association between the temporal variation of PM2.5 and changes in lung function specifically on forced vital capacity. Our results suggest that schoolchildren exposed to fine particulate matter from tailings deposited in the bay of Chanaral have their forced vital capacity decreased, which would affect their present and future lung development, increasing the risk of developing chronic respiratory diseases.

关键词： Mine Tailings Fine Particulate Matter Heavy Metals Lung Function Schoolchildren

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