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Genitourinary melanoma:An overview for the clinician

Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第4期9卷 407-422页

作者： danielle k.depalo kelly M.Elleson Michael J.Carr Philippe E.Spiess Jonathan S.Zager Department of Cutaneous Oncology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA Department of Surgery University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA Department of Genitourinary Oncology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA

Genitourinary (GU) melanoma is a rare presentation of melanoma accounting for approximately 0.5% of all melanomas.GU melanomas include primary melanomas of the vulva,vagina,uterine cervix,ovary,penis,scrotum,urethra,bladder,ureter,and kidney.These melanomas are often diagnosed in advanced stages and stigma is thought to contribute to delays in presentation.As the likely diagnosing provider,it is imperative that dermatologists,urologists,and gynecologists are aware of these uncommon sites of presentation.While there have been major advances in the treatment of melanomas as a whole in the last 10 years,their applications to GU melanomas have often been overlooked.GU melanomas have not been included in many of the major phase II clinical trials which brought contemporary advanced treatments to market and the prognoses for GU melanomas remain poor.Due to the rarity of GU melanomas,much of the literature provides gener alized recommendations across multiple different organs affected by GU melanomas or omits certain topics,making it difficult to appreciate the funda-mentals of the individual presentations.This review aimed to provide background information on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the different sites of GU melanomas and categorize data specific to the presentation,staging,treatment,and prognosis of each type of GU melanoma to guide the clinician.It was also meant to encourage a multidisciplinary approach to the management of these patients as it spans the expertise of surgical oncologists,medical oncologists,radiation oncologist,dermatologists,urologists,and gynecologists.

关键词： Genitalia Female Male Melanoma Rare diseases Staging Treatment Urinary tract

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