检索结果-南通市图书馆

Boudouard reaction driven by thermal plasma for efficient CO2 conversion and energy storage

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第6期29卷 128-134,I0006页

作者： Zhikai Li Tao Yang Shaojun Yuan Yongxiang Yin Edwin j.Devid Qiang Huang daniel Auerbach Aart W.Kleyn School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina Center of Interface Dynamics for Sustainability Institute of MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsChengdu 610200SichuanChina School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Panzhihua UniversityPanzhihua 617000SichuanChina School of Optoelectronic Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China

Conversion of CO2 into CO using plasma processing powered by renewable energy is a promising method to convert intermittent sustainable electricity into storable chemical *** extensive research efforts worldwide,there is currently no process that achieves economically viable values for both CO2 conversion fraction and energy recovery efficiency *** we demonstrate that a process that utilizes the Boudouard reaction,CO^2++C→2 CO,driven by a thermal plasma allows both 95%CO2 conversion to CO and energy recovery efficiency of 70%,values far higher than seen so *** comparing the conversion process with and without CO2 excitation by a plasma and by using optical emission spectroscopy we show that the improved performance is due to a novel mode of operation where CO2 is pyrolyzed into an active mixture of CO,O and O2 by an arc discharge which is then introduced into a fixed bed to interact with carbon *** this way,the free oxygen in the mixture combusts with carbon to form CO,and residual plasma excited CO2 is reduced by *** the overall process,the endothermic Boudouard reaction is partially replaced by an exothermic reaction,and the excess electric energy to produce CO2 plasma is reused in the carbon bed.

关键词： Boudouard reaction Thermal plasma CO2 conversion Energy recovery efficiency

Estimating Pinus palustris tree diameter and stem volume from tree height,crown area and stand-level parameters

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 43-52页

作者： C.A.Gonzalez-Benecke Salvador A.Gezan Lisa j.Samuelson Wendell P.Cropper daniel j.Leduc Timothy A.Martin School of Forest Resources and Conservation P.O.Box 110410University of Florida School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences 3301SFWS BuildingAuburn University USDA Forest Service Southern Research StationAlexandria Forestry Center

Accurate and efficient estimation of forest growth and live biomass is a critical element in assessing potential responses to forest management and environmental change. The objective of this study was to develop models to predict longleaf pine tree diameter at breast height （dbh） and merchantable stem volume （V） using data obtained from field measurements. We used longleaf pine tree data from 3,376 planted trees on 127 permanent plots located in the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain region to fit equations to predict dbh and V as functions of tree height （H） and crown area （CA）. Prediction of dbh as a function of H improved when CA was added as an additional independent variable. Similarly, predic- tions of V based on H improved when CA was included. Incorporation of additional stand variables such as age, site index, dominant height, and stand density were also evaluated but resulted in only small improvements in model performance. For model testing we used data from planted and naturally-regenerated trees located inside and outside the geographic area used for model fitting. Our results suggest that the models are a robust alternative for dbh and V estimations when H and CA are known on planted stands with potential for naturally-regenerated stands, across a wide range of ages. We discuss the importance of these models for use with metrics derived from remote sensing data.

关键词： Longleaf pine diameter-height relationships crown area individual-tree stem volume growth and yield modeling

Towards a business model for second-life batteries: Barriers,opportunities, uncertainties, and technologies

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 507-525,I0014页

作者： Carlos Antônio Rufino júnior Eleonora Riva Sanseverino Pierluigi Gallo daniel Koch Yash Kotak Hans-Georg Schweiger Hudson Zanin Advanced Energy Storage Division New Energy Innovation CenterUniversity of Campinas(UNICAMP)Campinas 13083-852Brazil Engineering Department University of Palermo(UNIPA)Palermo 90128Italy Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni(CNIT) Parma 43124Italy Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Institute for ElectricConnected and Safe Mobility(C-ECOS)Ingolstadt 85049Germany

Electric vehicles(EVs) and the recent pandemic outbreak give cities a new trend to primarily private and shared mobility with low noise and less air *** factors for the widespread of EVs are the electrical charging infrastructure,driving range,and the reduction of the cost of battery *** this reason,there is a massive effort from manufacturers,governments,and the scientific community to reduce battery costs and boost sustainable electrical production and *** reuse is an alternative to reduce batteries’ costs and environmental ***-life batteries can be used in a wide variety of secondary ***-life batteries can be connected with off-grid or on-grid photovoltaic and wind systems,vehicle charging stations,forklifts,and frequency *** present work aims to analyze the main challenges imposed on the reuse of batteries,the leading technologies for their reuse,and the different types of batteries in terms of their feasibility for second-life *** main novelty of this work is the discussion about the barriers,opportunities,uncertainties,and technologies for the second life *** we summarize the present state of the art in reusing lithium-ion batteries discussing technical and economic feasibility,environmental impacts,and *** results show five business models that have been proposed in the literature,three types of markets for trading second-life batteries,and the main opportunities and barriers for each actor in the battery supply chain.

关键词： Business models Batteries Sustainability Electric vehicles Challenges Opportunities Lithium-ion batteries Reuse

A functional type I interferon pathway drives resistance to cornea herpes simplex virus type 1 infection by recruitment of leukocytes

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The journal of Biomedical Research 2011年第2期25卷 111-119页

作者： Christopher D. Conrady Heather jones Min Zheng daniel j.j. Carr Departments of Microbiology Immunology The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 USA Departments of Ophthalmology The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 USA

Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 （HSV-1） infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent uninfected corneal epithelial cells as the source of interferon-a. We also report mice deficient in the A1 chain of the type I IFN receptor （CDl18-/） are extremely sensitive to ocular infection with low doses （100 PFU） of HSV-1 as seen by significantly elevated viral titers in the cornea Compared to wild type （WT） controls. The enhanced susceptibil- ity correlated with a loss of CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cell recruitment and aberrant chemokine production in the cornea despite mounting an adaptive immune response in the draining mandibular lymph node of CDll8/ mice. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of IFN production in both the innate immune response as well as eliciting chemokine production required to facilitate adaptive immune cell trafficking.

关键词： herpes simplex virus type 1 type I interferon comea viral infection leukocytes ocular immunology

Balancing nutrients in a toxic environment: the challenge of eating

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 289-303页

作者： Peng Wang daniel G.Vassão Bettina Raguschke Michael j.Furlong Myron P.Zalucki School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany

Insect herbivores can regulate their food intake by mixing food sources with different nutrient content, but face the resulting challenge of ingesting various plant secondary metabolites. How insects deal with toxins in a complex nutrient environment is unclear. Here we investigated the influence of a classic plant secondary metabolite, allyl glucosinolate (sinigrin), and its hydrolyzed product allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), on the development of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) when fed on diets with different protein-to-carbohydrate (p : c) ratios. We also examined the effects of these toxins on larval biochemistry, by chemically analyzing the frass produced by insects feeding on the different diets. As expected, AITC had a greater negative effect than sinigrin on H. armigera life-history traits. However, AITC at low concentration appeared to have a positive effect on some traits. Both sinigrin and AITC-induced detoxification activity in the gut, and the reaction was related to diet protein concentration. High-protein diets can provide the required free amino acid, especially cysteine, needed for the detoxification process. The nutrient content of the diet influences how plant secondary metabolites are handled, and the use of artificial diets in experiments investigating the metabolic fate of plant secondary compounds needs to be carefully evaluated.

关键词： diet protein glucosinolate gut metabolism Helicoverpa armigera isothiocyanate

Spring peepers Pseudacris crucifer modify their call structure in response to noise

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 438-448页

作者： Dalai E. L. HANNA David R. WILSON Gabriel BLOUIN-DEMERS daniel j. MENNILL Department of Biological Sciences McGill University Montr6al Qu6bec. H3A 1B 1 Canada Department of Biological Sciences University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada Department of Biology University of Ottawal Ottawa Oniario KIN 6N5 Canada Department of Biological Sciences University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada

Acoustic interference can impede effective communication that is important for survival and reproduction of animals. In response to acoustic interference, some animals can improve signalling efficacy by altering the structure of their signals. In this study, we played artificial noise to 46 male spring peepers Pseudacris crucifer, on their breeding grounds, and tested whether the noise affected the duration, call rate, and peak frequency of their advertisement calls. We used two experimental noise treatments that masked either the high- or low-frequency components of an average advertisement call; this allowed us to evaluate whether frogs adaptively shift the peak frequency of their calls away from both types of interference. Our playback treatments caused spring peepers to produce shorter calls, and the high-frequency noise treatment caused them to lower the frequency of their calls immediately after the noise ceased. Call rate did not change in response to playback. Consistent with previous studies, ambient temperature was inversely related to call duration and positively related to call rate. We conclude that noise affects the structure of spring peeper advertisement calls, and that spring peepers therefore have a mechanism for altering signal structure in response to noise. Future studies should test if other types of noise, such as biotic or anthropogenic noise, have similar effects on call structure, and if the observed changes to call structure enhance or impair communication in noisy environments [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 438-448, 2014].

关键词： Anurans Animal communication Acoustic communication Frequency Song structure

The Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Gene A OP2 Mediates Feed-back Regulation of jasmonic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Molecular Plant 2015年第8期8卷 1201-1212页

作者： Meike Burow Susanna Atwell Marta Francisco Rachel E. Kerwin Barbara A. Halkier daniel j. Kliebenstein DynaMo Center of Excellence Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871Frederiksberg C Denmark Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871Frederiksberg C Denmark Department of Plant Sciences University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA Mision Biologica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC) PO Box 28 36080 Pontevedra Spain

Survival in changing and challenging environments requires an organism to efficiently obtain and use its resources. Due to their sessile nature, it is particularly critical for plants to dynamically optimize their meta- bolism. In plant primary metabolism, metabolic fine-tuning involves feed-back mechanisms whereby the output of a pathway controls its input to generate a precise and robust response to environmental changes. By contrast, few studies have addressed the potential for feed-back regulation of secondary metabolism. In Arabidopsis, accumulation of the defense compounds glucosinolates has previously been linked to genetic variation in the glucosinolate biosynthetic gene AOP2. AOP2 expression can increase the transcript levels of two known regulators （MYB28 and MYB29） of the pathway, suggesting thatAOP2 plays a role in positive feed-back regulation controlling glucosinolate biosynthesis. We generated mutants affecting AOP2, MYB28/29, or both. Transcriptome analysis of these mutants identified a so far unrecognized link between AOP2 and jasmonic acid （jA） signaling independent of MYB28 and MYB29. Thus, AOP2 is part of a regulatory feed-back loop linking glucosinolate biosynthesis and jA signaling and thereby allows the glucosinolate pathway to influence jA sensitivity. The discovery of this regulatory feed-back loop provides insight into how plants optimize the use of resources for defensive metabolites.

关键词： feed-back regulation jasmonates jA signaling glucosinolates Arabidopsis

Impact of bolus volume on small intestinal intra-luminal impedance in healthy subjects

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第17期16卷 2151-2157页

作者： Nam Q Nguyen Laura K Bryant Carly M Burgstad Robert j Fraser daniel Sifrim Richard H Holloway Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000Australia Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General HospitalDaw Park 5041Australia Department of Medicine Centre for Gastroen-terological ResearchK.U.LeuvenLeuven 3000Belgium

AIM: To assess the impact of bolus volume on the characteristics of small intestinal (SI) impedance ***: Concurrent SI manometry-impedance measurements were performed on 12 healthy volunteers to assess the pattern of proximal jejunal fluid bolus movement over a 14 *** subject was given 34 boluses of normal saline (volume from 1 to 30 mL) via the feeding tube placed immediately above the proximal margin of the studied segment.A bolus-induced impedance event occurred if there was > 12% impedance drop from baseline,over ≥ 3 consecutive segments within 10 s of bolus injection.A minor or major imped-ance event was defined as a duration of impedance drop jor impedance events (≥ 10 mL boluses = 63%,3 mL boluses = 17%,and < 3 mL boluses = 0%,P = 0.02).CONCLUSION: Bolus volume had an impact on the type and length of propagation of SI impedance events and a threshold of 2 mL is required to produce an event.

关键词： Bolus volume Health Impedance Luminal flow Small intestine

Peripartal rumen-protected methionine supplementation to higher energy diets elicits positive effects on blood neutrophil gene networks, performance and liver lipid content in dairy cows

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 391-402页

作者： Cong Li Fernanda Batistel johan Samir Osorio james K.Drackley daniel Luchini juan j.Loor Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture National Engineering Laboratory of Animal BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Oregon State University Ruminant Technical Services ADISSEO NA

Background： Main objectives were to determine to what extent Smartamine M（SM） supplementation to a prepartal higher-energy diet could alter neutrophil（PMN） and liver tissue immunometabolic biomarkers, and whether those responses were comparable to those in cows fed a prepartal lower-energy diet（CON）.Results： Twenty-eight multiparous Holstein cows were fed CON（NEL= 1.24 Mcal/kg DM） during d-50 to d-22 relative to calving. From d-21 to calving, cows were randomly assigned to a higher-energy diet（OVE, n = 9; NEL= 1.54 Mcal/kg DM）, OVE plus SM（OVE ＋ SM, n = 10; SM = 0.07 % of DM） or remained on CON（n = 9）. Al cows received the same basal lactation diet（NEL= 1.75 Mcal/kg DM）. Supplementation of SM（OVE ＋ SM） continued until 30 d postpartum. Liver biopsies were harvested at d-10, 7, and 21 relative to parturition. Blood PMN isolated at-10, 3, and 21 d relative to calving was used to evaluate gene expression. As expected, OVE increased liver lipid content postpartum; however,cows fed OVE ＋ SM or CON had lower concentrations than OVE. Compared with OVE, cows in CON and OVE ＋ SM had greater DMI postpartum and milk production. Furthermore, cows fed OVE ＋ SM had the greatest milk protein and fat percentage and lowest milk SCC despite having intermediate PMN phagocytic capacity. Adaptations in PMN gene expression in OVE ＋ SM cows associated with the lower SCC were gradual increases from-10 to 21 d in genes that facilitate migration into inflammatory sites（SELL, ITGAM）, enzymes essential for reducing reactive oxygen metabolites（SOD1, SOD2）, and a transcription factor（s） required for controlling PMN development（RXRA）. The greater expression of TLR4 on d 3, key for activation of innate immunity due to inflammation, in OVE compared with CON cows suggests a more pronounced inflammatory state. Feeding OVE ＋ SM dampened the upregulation of TLR4, despite the fact that these cows had similar expression of the pro-inflammatory genes NFKB1 and TNF as OVE. Cows in CON had lower overall expr

关键词： Blood neutrophil Gene expression Methionine