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Reporting of Negative Randomized Trials in Three Major Medical Journals

International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第2期4卷 108-113页

作者： Gabriel A. Brooks daniel w. bowles daniel B. Jamieson Janice V. Huang Alexandra Smart Kathleen A. Heist Traci E. Yamashita Allan V. Prochazka Ravi K. Gopal Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora USA Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora USA Denver VA Medical Center Eastern Colorado Healthcare System Denver USA Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora USA Denver VA Medical Center Eastern Colorado Healthcare System Denver USA

Context: In recent years there has been increasing interest on publication bias and on initiatives to decrease bias, in- cluding trial registration. Objective: To test w.ether there has been an increase in reports of randomized control trials (RCT’s) w.th negative outcomes in major journals and to identify factors associated w.th these reports. Design: Retrospective review.of reports of RCT’s published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, The Lancet and the New.England Journal of Medicine before (2002-’03, pre-registration era) and after (2007-’08, registration era) the institution of mandatory trial registration. Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome w.s the proportion of RCT reports w.th negative outcomes compared across the tw. eras. Secondary outcome includes other factors affecting pub-lication. Results: w. identified 917 reports of RCT’s published in the tw. study eras. No publications in the pre-registration era reported trial registration compared w.th 94.4% in the registration era (p 0.001). There w.s a non-significant increase in negative trials from the pre-registration to the registration era (29.1% vs. 34.1%, p = 0.10, OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.96 - 1.67). Study characteristics associated w.th negative outcomes include trials of drugs (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.08 - 2.43), procedures or devices (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.29 - 3.35), explicit identification of a single primary endpoint (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.40 - 2.47), and increasing sample size (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.78 - 5.34). Non-inferiority study design w.s associated w.th a decreased likelihood of a negative outcome (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.05 - 0.31). Conclusions: The proportion of published RCT reports w.th negative outcomes in three major medical journals has not significantly increased since the mandatory clinical trial registration policy. The observed prevalence of negative trials is associated w.th increases in sample size and greater specificity in trial endpoints.

关键词： Clinical Trial Registration Publication Bias Randomized Trials Clinical Trials Non-Inferiority Trials

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Tw.sted fiber microfluidics:a cutting-edge approach to 3D spiral devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 193-202页

作者： Shunsuke Kato daniel w.Carlson Amy Q.Shen Yuanyuan Guo Department of Electrical Information and Physics EngineeringSchool of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-8579 MiyagiJapan Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyOnnaKunigami-gun 904-0495 OkinawaJapan Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences(FRIS) Tohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-0845 MiyagiJapan Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-8579 MiyagiJapan Department of Physiology Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-8575 MiyagiJapan

The development of 3D spiral microfluidics has opened new.avenues for leveraging inertial focusing to analyze small fluid volumes,thereby advancing research across chemical,physical,and biological *** traditional straight microchannels rely solely on inertial lift forces,the novel spiral geometry generates Dean drag forces,eliminating the necessity for external fields in fluid ***,fabricating 3D spiral microfluidics remains a labor-intensive and costly endeavor,hindering its w.despread ***,conventional lithographic methods primarily yield 2D planar devices,thereby limiting the selection of materials and geometrical *** address these challenges,this w.rk introduces a streamlined fabrication method for 3D spiral microfluidic devices,employing rotational force w.thin a miniaturized thermal draw.ng process,termed as *** innovation allow. for rapid prototyping of tw.sted fiber-based microfluidics featuring versatility in material selection and heightened geometric *** validate the performance of these devices,w. combined computational modeling w.th microtomographic particle image velocimetry(uTPiM)to comprehensively characterize the 3D flow.*** results corroborate the presence of a steady secondary flow.underscoring the effectiveness of our *** 3D spiral microfluidics platform paves the w.y for exploring intricate microflow.dynamics,w.th promising applications in areas such as drug delivery,diagnostics,and lab-on-a-chip systems.

关键词： thereby straight tw.sted

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Mineral-mediated stability of organic carbon in soil and relevant interaction mechanisms

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第1期3卷 59-76页

作者： Zibo Xu daniel C.w.Tsang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina

Soil,the largest terrestrial carbon reservoir,is central to climate change and relevant feedback to environmental *** are the essential components that contribute to over 60%of soil carbon ***,how.the interactions betw.en minerals and organic carbon shape the carbon transformation and stability remains poorly ***,w. critically review.the primary interactions betw.en organic carbon and soil minerals and the relevant mechanisms,including sorption,redox reaction,co-precipitation,dissolution,polymerization,and catalytic *** interactions,highly complex w.th the combination of multiple processes,greatly affect the stability of organic carbon through the follow.ng processes:(1)formation or deconstruction of the mineral–organic carbon association;(2)oxidative transformation of the organic carbon w.th minerals;(3)catalytic polymerization of organic carbon w.th minerals;and(4)varying association stability of organic carbon according to the mineral *** pieces of evidence related to the carbon turnover and stability during the interaction w.th soil minerals in the real eco-environment are then *** also highlight the current research gaps and outline research priorities,w.ich may map future directions for a deeper mechanismsbased understanding of the soil carbon storage capacity considering its interactions w.th minerals.

关键词： Carbon stability Mineral transformation Carbon sequestration Bio-geochemistry Soil carbon management Sustainable w.ste management

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Outcome prediction after resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases: out w.th the old, in w.th the new.

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 732-735页

作者： Iakovos Amygdalos daniel Truhn Florian w.R.Vondran Department of General VisceralPediatric and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany

Colorectal cancer remains one of the commonest and most lethal malignancies w.rldw.de(1).Up to 80%of patients w.th colorectal cancer develop liver metastases(CRLM),w.ich are the main factor limiting survival(1,2).Despite advances in systemic therapy and the emergence of multimodal treatment concepts,curative surgical resection remains the best therapeutic option and provides the highest chance of long-term survival(1,2).How.ver,liver resection is associated w.th perioperative morbidity and mortality,w.ile multiple factors affect long-term prognosis(3,4).As a result,various predictive models have been developed over time,to improve preoperative patient selection and foresee unfavourable outcomes.

关键词： Machine learning(ML) artificial intelligence(AI) colorectal liver metastases hepatobiliary

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Determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： daniel D.SAURETTE Asim BISw.S Richard J.HECK Adam w.GILLESPIE Aaron A.BERG School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In digital soil mapping(DSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental *** to adequately sample the predictors have been w.ll documented,w.th the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the DSM *** advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for DSM *** propose a simple w.rkflow.and function coded in R language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-Diaconis rule for determining optimal bin *** preprocessing w.s included to correct for multimodal and non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the *** on a user-selected quantile range(QR)for the sample plan,the densities of the histogram bins at the upper and low.r bounds of the QR w.re used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample *** technique w.s applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a w.ll-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of *** results show.d increasing minimum sample size w.th an increase in the QR *** sample size increased from 44 to 83 w.en the QR increased from 50% to 95% and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99%*** technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin w.dth digital soil mapping normal distribution quantile range sampling design

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