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Corneal epithelial defects following vitreoretinal surgery:incidence and outcomes from the DISCOVER study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第1期15卷 83-88页

作者： Kubra Sarici daniel Petkovsek Alison Martin Alex Yuan Jeffrey M.Goshe Sunil K.Srivastava Jamie l.Reese Justis P.Ehlers The Tony and leona Campane Center for Excellence in Image-Guided Surgery and Advanced Imaging Research Cole Eye InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195USA Vitreoretinal Service Cole Eye InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195USA Cornea Service Cole Eye InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195USA

AIM:To investigate the incidence,risk factors,clinical course,and outcomes of corneal epithelial defects(CED)following vitreoretinal surgery in a prospective study ***:This was a post-hoc analysis of all participants in DISCOVER intraoperative optical coherence tomography *** with CED 1 d after surgery without intraoperative corneal debridement was defined as the postoperative CED *** who underwent intraoperative debridement were defined as intraoperative debridement *** were matched 2:1 with controls(eyes without postoperative CED)for comparative *** primary outcomes were the incidence of CED on postoperative day one and the incidence of required intraoperative *** outcomes included time to defect closure,delayed healing(>2 wk),visual acuity(VA)and presence of scarring at one year and cornea ***:This study included 856 eyes that underwent vitreoretinal *** corneal debridement was performed to 61(7.1%)subjects and postoperative CED developed spontaneously in 94(11.0%)*** factors associated with postoperative CED included prolonged surgical duration(P=0.003),diabetes mellitus(P=0.04),postoperative ocular hypotension(Plonged surgical duration was associated with intraoperative *** defect closure time(>2 wk)was associated with corneal scar formation at the end of the 1 y in all epithelial defect subjects(Pll rate of corneal scarring for all eyes undergoing vitrectomy was 1.8%.CONClUSION:Prolonged duration of surgery is the strongest factor associated with both intraoperative debridement and spontaneous postoperative *** defect closure is associated with a greater risk of corneal scarring at one *** overall rate of corneal scarring following vitrectomy is low at<2%.

关键词： corneal epithelial defect vitreoretinal surgery intraoperative optical coherence tomography

Knowledge of radiation exposure associated with common trauma imaging modalities among orthopaedic surgeons,emergency medicine physicians,and general surgeons in the United States

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第4期14卷 294-301页

作者： Fady Y.Hijji Andrew D.Schneider Matthew D.Thomas Joseph G.lyons daniel D.Bohl Jennifer l.Jerele Michael J.Prayson Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wright State University Boonshoft School of MedicineDayton OH 45409USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Rush University Medical CenterChicago IL 60612USA

BACKGROUND:Few contemporary studies have assessed physicians’knowledge of radiation exposure associated with common imaging studies,especially in trauma *** purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of physicians involved in caring for trauma patients regarding the effective radiation doses of musculoskeletal(MSK)imaging studies routinely utilized in the trauma ***:An electronic survey was distributed to United States orthopaedic surgery,general surgery,and emergency medicine(EM)residency *** were asked to estimate the radiation dose for common imaging modalities of the pelvis,lumbar spine,and lower extremity,in terms of chest X-ray(CXR)*** estimates were compared to the true effective radiation ***,participants were asked to report the frequency of discussing radiation risk with ***:A total of 218 physicians completed the survey;102(46.8%)were EM physicians,88(40.4%)wereorthopaedicsurgeons,and28(12.8%)*** underestimated the effective radiation doses of nearly all imaging modalities,most notably for pelvic computed tomaography(CT)(median 50 CXR estimation vs.162 CXR actual)and lumbar CT(median 50 CXR estimation vs.638 CXR actual).There was no difference between physician specialties regarding estimation accuracy(P=0.133).Physicians who regularly discussed radiation risks with patients more accurately estimated radiation exposure(P=0.007).CONClUSION:The knowledge among orthopaedic and general surgeons and EM physicians regarding the radiation exposure associated with common MSK trauma imaging is *** investigation with larger scale studies is warranted,and additional education in this area may improve care.

关键词： Radiation dosage Radiation exposure Radiation protection X-ray Emergency department

Smoking and prostate cancer survival and recurrence

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第6期13卷 787-788页

作者： Roberto l Muller daniel M Moreira Division of Urologic Surgery Department of Surgery and the Duke Prostate Center Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC 27710 USA Urology Section Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham NC 27705 USA The Arthur Smith Institute for Urology North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System New Hyde Park NY USA

moking is associated with several major benign and malignant diseases, representing one of the most important modifiable risk factors. Among urothelial neoplasms, smoking is pivotal in tumor carcinogenesis, but its role in prostate cancer is still controversial. Many authors have failed to demonstrate an association between smoking and prostate cancer.

关键词： major enign malignant diseases iagnosis

Quiet in the nest:The nest environment attenuates song in a grassland songbird

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 623-629页

作者： Sarah l.Dobney Mikayla M.K.Bornais D.Ryan Norris Amy E.M.Newman Heather Williams Stéphanie M.Doucet daniel J.Mennill Department of Integrative Biology University of WindsorWindsorOntarioN9B 3P4Canada Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioN1G 2W1Canada Biology Department Williams CollegeWilliamstownMA01267USA

The nest environment may limit the ability of nest-bound birds to hear sounds from the outside *** vocal learning species,such as humans and songbirds,it is vital for young animals to hear the voices of conspecific animals early in *** songbirds,nest structure varies considerably across species,and the resulting impact on sound transmission may have consequences for vocal learning in *** this study,we tested the hypothesis that the nest environment attenuates song of Savannah Sparrows(Passerculus sandwichensis),grassland songbirds that build nests on the ground under cover of dense *** recorded live Savannah Sparrows singing at variable distances from 21 *** recorded songs using one microphone inside the nest(the typical position of a nestling)and another placed 1 m directly above the nest(a typical position of an adult).We found a substantial reduction in signal-to-noise ratio,where songs recorded inside the nest were an average of 11 dB lower than songs recorded directly above the *** estimate that the attenuation imposed by the nest reduced the maximum acoustic environment from 117.7 m(for recordings above the nest),to 78.6 m(for recordings within the nest),which is analogous to listening from a position 39.1 m farther away from the *** research estimated that song transmits up to 100 m in this species,so any adult male within 100 m of a young bird was previously considered a potential vocal *** reducing the nestling acoustic environment from 100 m to 78.6 m,the number of male tutors available to nestlings is reduced by an average of 27%.Given the growing evidence that song learning begins very early in life,future research on vocal development should account for how the structural properties of the natal environment affect the songs that nestlings hear.

关键词： Acoustic environment Nest environment Songbird Sound attenuation Vocal learning

Role of seed size, phenology, oogenesis and host distribution in the specificity and genetic structure of seed weevils (Curculio spp.) in mixed forests

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 267-279页

作者： Harold ARIAS-lEClAIRE Raúl BONAl daniel GARCÍA-lÓPEZ Josep Maria ESPElTA CREAF Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry ApplicationsCerdanyola del Vallès08193Spain Exact and Natural Sciences School State Distance University of Costa RicaUNEDMercedes de Montes de OcaSan JoséCosta Rica Forest Research Group INDEHESAUniversity of ExtremaduraPlasenciaSpain DITEG Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaToledoSpain Zoology Department Autonomous University of BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsSpain

Synchrony between seed growth and oogenesis is suggested to largely shape trophic breadth of seed-feeding insects and ultimately to contribute to their co-existence by means of resource partitioning or in the time when infestation *** we investigated:(i)the role of seed phenology and sexual maturation of females in the host specificity of seed-feeding weevils(Curculio spp.)predating in hazel and oak mixed forests;and(ii)the consequences that trophic breadth and host distribution have in the genetic structure of the weevil *** analyses were used to establish unequivocally host specificity and to determine the population genetic *** identified 4 species with different specificity,namely Curculio nucum females matured earlier and infested a unique host(hazelnuts,Corylus avellana)while 3 species(Curculio venosus,Curculio glandium and Curculio elephas)predated upon the acorns of the 2 oaks(Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens).The high specificity of *** coupled with a more discontinuous distribution of hazel trees resulted in a significant genetic structure among *** addition,the presence of an excess of local rare haplotypes indicated that *** populations went through genetic expansion after recent ***,these effects were not observed in the more generalist Curculio glandium predating upon ***,co-existence of weevil species in this multi-host-parasite system is influenced by both resource and time *** what extent the restriction in gene flow among *** populations may have negative consequences for their persistence in a time of increasing disturbances(*** in Mediterranean areas)deserves further research.

关键词： Corylus avellana Curculio spp. genetic structure Quercus spp. trophic breadth

Identification of KASP markers and putative genes for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in common wheat(Triticum aestivum l.)

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The Crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 549-557页

作者： Guannan liu daniel Mullan Aimin Zhang Hui liu Dongcheng liu Guijun Yan UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and The UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia InterGrain Pty.ltd. 19 Ambitious Link Bibra LakeWA 6163Australia State Key laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation College of AgronomyHebei Agriculture UniversityBaoding 071000HebeiChina

Common wheat(Triticum aestivum l.)is the most important crop in the world and a typical allopolyploid with a large and complex ***-harvest sprouting(PHS)leads to a significant reduction in grain quality *** is a complex trait with related QTl located on different ***,the study of markers and genes related to PHS resistance is limited especially for whitegrained *** pairs of near isogenic lines(NIls)from a white-grained wheat cross of CharaDM5637B*8 targeting a major QTl for PHS resistance(***-3A.1)on wheat chromosme 3Al were genotyped using the 90K SNP Illumina iSelect *** SNPs were identified,with a 75%-100%consistency between genotype and phenotype in the resistant or susceptible *** 10 SNPs were converted to cost-effective kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)*** of 48 wheat cultivars with different phenotypes of PHS identified four KASP markers with 81.3%-85.4%conformity between genotype and *** investigation revealed that the four SNPs(BS00022245_51,Kukri_c49927_151,BS00022884_51 and BS00110550_51)corresponding to the four validated KASP markers are residing in three independent genes(TraesCS3A03G1072800,TraesCS3A03G1072400,TraesCS3A03G1071800)close to each other with a distance of 4.28-4.48 Mb to the targeted *** three annotated genes have potential functions related to PHS *** study revealed that combined use of NIls and the 90K SNP chip is a powerful approach for developing KASP markers and mining functional genes in *** KASP markers for PHS resistance on chromosome 3Al are useful for high-throughput evaluation and marker-assisted selection,and the three identified genes could lead to a better understanding of the genetic pathways controlling PHS.

关键词： Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS) KASP marker Functional genes Chromosome 3Al 90K SNP assay Near-isogenic lines

Taxonomy of Pseudolagarobasidium(Polyporales,Basidiomycota)

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第4期55卷 155-169页

作者： Karen K.Nakasone daniel l.lindner Center for Forest Mycology Research Northern Research StationU.S.Forest ServiceOne Gifford Pinchot DriveMadisonWI 53726-2398USA

Pseudolagarobasidium(Polyporales,Basidiomycota)is a small,monophyletic genus of crustose,wood-inhabiting fungi with spines and a saprobic,endophytic,or parasitic *** species are accepted in the genus including two new species,*** from Belize and *** from *** analysis of the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal RNA gene places *** in a monophyletic clade with *** and an undescribed foliar *** combinations proposed include *** for Irpex modestus Berk.,*** for Hydnum pronum Berk.&Broome which is an earlier name for ***,and *** for Radulodon venustus Hjortstam&*** colliculosum Berk.&Broome from Sri lanka is conspecific with *** species,Sistotrema ochroleucum and Radulum concentricum are not accepted in *** is compared with Radulodon and similar genera.A key to the species of Pseudolagarobasidium is provided.

关键词： Pirex concentricum Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola P.leguminicola Hydnum ayresii Microbinding hyphae

Effects of Carbon Content and Solidification Rate on the Thermal Conductivity of Grey Cast Iron

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第2期13卷 170-176页

作者： daniel Holmgren Attila Diószegi Ingvar l. Svensson Department of Mechanical Engineering and Component Technology Jnkping University

The thermal conductivity/diffusivity of pearlitic grey irons with various carbon contents was investigated by the laser flash method. The materials were cast in controlled thermal environments producing three dissimilar cooling rates. The cooling rates together with the carbon content largely influence the thermal conductivity of grey iron. linear relationships exist between the thermal conductivity and the carbon content, the carbon equivalent, and the fraction of the former primary solidified austenite transformed into pearlite. The results show that the optimal thermal transport properties are obtained at medium cooling rates. Equations are given for the thermal conductivity of pearlite, solidified as pre-eutectic austenite, and the eutectic of grey iron. The thermal conductivity of pearlitic grey iron is modelled at both room temperature and elevated temperatures with good accuracy.

关键词： grey iron thermal conductivity thermal diffusivity carbon content carbon equivalent color etching graphite morphology eutectic cell size

Could diffuse coevolution explain the generic eggshell color of the brown-headed cowbird?

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Current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 645-652页

作者： daniel HANlEY Beheshteh MOGHADDAME-JAFARI Samantha l.RUTlEDGE Department of Biology George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Department of Biology Mansfield University of PennsylvaniaMansfieldPA 16933USA Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

The brown-headed cowbird(hereafter cowbird)is an avian brood parasite that produces an egg dissimilar to those produced by the majority of its diverse host *** cowbird’s generic egg may result from a Jack-of-all-trades strategy;however,the evolutionary mechanisms that select for their generic eggs are *** we propose that the cowbird’s eggshell phenotypes have evolved via diffuse coevolution,which results from community-level selective pressures,rather than via pairwise coevolution that occurs between a particular host species and its brood *** diffuse coevolution the cowbird’s host community,with varying eggshell phenotypes and recognition abilities,would select for a cowbird eggshell phenotype intermediate to those of its host *** selection is exerted by hosts that reject cowbird eggs,rather than those that accept them;therefore,we expect cowbird eggshell colors can be approximated by both the phenotypes and rejection abilities of their host *** we use eggshell reflectance data from 43 host species to demonstrate that the cowbird eggshell phenotypes are reasonably predicted(within 2 just noticeable differences)by the eggshell phenotypes and rejection rates of their *** findings suggest that cowbird eggshell phenotypes,and potentially those of other some generalist parasites,may evolve via diffuse ***,this research provides insight into the underlying evolutionary processes that explain observed phenotypic variation and provides a framework for studying selection on both specialist and generalist parasites’traits.

关键词： cowbird diffuse coevolution egg rejection