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Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems:a region by region overview

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第4期2卷 18-43页

作者： Raymond D.Ward daniel A.Friess Richard H.Day Richard A.MacKenzie Aquatic Research Centre University of BrightonCockcroft BuildingMoulsecoombBrightonBN24GJUK Department of Geography National University of Singapore1 Arts LinkSingapore117570Singapore US Geological Survey 700 Cajundome BoulevardLafayetteLouisiana 70506 USA Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Pacific Southwest Research Station60 Nowelo StreetHiloHawaii 96720 USA

Inter-related and spatially variable climate change factors including sea level rise,increased storminess,altered precipitation regime and increasing temperature are impacting mangroves at re-gional *** review highlights extreme regional variation in climate change threats and impacts,and how these factors impact the structure of mangrove communities,their biodiversity and geo-morphological *** these factors interplay to determine spatially variable resiliency to climate change impacts,and because mangroves are varied in type and geographical location,these systems are good models for understanding such interactions at different *** level rise is likely to in-fluence mangroves in all regions although local impacts are likely to be more *** in the frequency and intensity of storminess are likely to have a greater impact on N and Central America,Asia,Australia,and East Africa than West Africa and *** review also highlights the nu-merous geographical knowledge gaps of climate change impacts,with some regions particularly understudied(e.g.,Africa and the Middle East).While there has been a recent drive to address these knowledge gaps especially in South America and Asia,further research is required to allow research-ers to tease apart the processes that influence both vulnerability and resilience to climate change.A more globally representative view of mangroves would allow us to better understand the importance of mangrove type and landscape setting in determining system resiliency to future climate change.

关键词： coastal wetlands cyclone resiliency sea level rise Special Feature:Wetlands and Global Cimate and Land-Use Change storms surface elevation change vulnerability

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喧宾夺主的白芦笋

旅行者 2019年第3期 10010-10011页

作者：叶天雄不详

每年在法国第一茬上市的白芦笋可以卖到每公斤300元人民帀的身价,它被当作是可以和黑松露媲美的顶级食材。那么白芦笋的味道有何特别之处?可以和松露、鹅肝媲美吗?我认为,丝毫没有……

关键词：芦笋鹅

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有爱的巴黎情侣店

旅行者 2019年第10期 10024-10025页

作者：叶天雄不详

去可爱的家庭式餐厅吃饭,感觉就像是去一对情侣朋友家做客,小两口把一切都照料得完美无缺,宾主尽欢。每个客人脸上都带着笑的餐厅,一定不会出错。

关键词：情侣巴黎家庭式餐厅吃饭朋友

微生物和3-D地震测量的综合可以发现砾岩油田并追索微油气苗的减弱

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石油地质科技动态 2005年第6期 38-44页

作者： daniel C. Hitzman 吕娟（译）李大荣（校）白振瑞（校）

通过微生物微油气苗特征和3-D地震资料的综合研究，勘探工作者提出了一种新的成藏层带研究思路，并在得克萨斯州蒙塔古县发现了帕克斯普林斯（Park Springs）（砾岩）油田。开展了5．6km^-2的标准3-D地球物理测量，在工区北部大约2200m... 详细信息

通过微生物微油气苗特征和3-D地震资料的综合研究，勘探工作者提出了一种新的成藏层带研究思路，并在得克萨斯州蒙塔古县发现了帕克斯普林斯（Park Springs）（砾岩）油田。开展了5．6km^-2的标准3-D地球物理测量，在工区北部大约2200m深处发现了埃伦博格远景构造。1995年12月。利用微生物石油勘探技术（MOST）对该地区的微油气苗进行了普查。在埃伦博格构造区发现了正的但规模较小的微油气苗异常特征。在位于其南面1.6km远处的构造地堑的上方发现了更强且更大的微生物异常。1996年2月，在研究区又采集了更多的MOST样品。新的测量结果证实了与地震远景构造有关的小规模烃类异常，同时也证实了与1．6km以南的构造地堑有关的大规模烃类异常。对得克萨斯北部类似的地质远景区进行对比研究发现，这个地堑可能合有阿托坎（Atokan）统砾岩（沃思堡盆地的一个风险勘探目标），但主要的勘探目标仍然是埃伦博格构造以及与其有关的小规模微油气苗异常区。1996年3月，在构造顶部对这个由地震圈定的远景构造进行了钻探。Silver 1井揭穿了埃伦博格群中1．8m厚的Salona组致密砂岩。完井后只获得了边际石油产量，3年内生产了约340桶石油。研究人员加强了寻找可能的砾岩油藏的研究。1996年10月，***石油公司在地堑的地球化学异常区钻探了Sutherland Unit]井，该井钻遇了2套独立的砾岩层，每套砾岩层的产层厚度都在3m。下部砾岩层的初始日产量是气50万立方英尺、油5桶。第二口井发现了3套舍油气砾岩层，其中包括底部厚6．7m的产层，天然气初始日产量接近100万立方英尺。在地堑内及附近的砾岩层中共钻了14口生产井。另外，该地堑中还有4口干井，但均位于微生物微油气苗异常区以外。1997年10月，为了研究这个新油气发现区内微油气苗特征随时间的变化，重新进行了一次微生物测量。总体上看，经过一年的开采之后，对比区的微生物背景值保持稳定，而两个开采区的微油气苗特征值下降了50％。研究认为，正在开采的油田上方的微油气苗明显减少，是油藏压力下降以及控制微油气苗的驱动机理发生变化所致。

关键词：地震测量砾岩油藏油气苗微生物 3-D 油田石油勘探技术得克萨斯州减弱地球物理测量

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下一站,必须意大利

旅行者 2020年第3期 166-167页

作者：叶天雄不详

当疫情结束,我的第一个出行目的地,必须是意大利。不止是为了提振它的复苏而贡献一己之力,更是因为它拥有那么丰富而多层次的美好,绝不会因为伤痛和低沉而消失,反而更增加了几分不矫揉造作的魅力。

关键词：出行目的地多层次意大利

超高效液相色谱法分析稻米酚酸化合物组分及其含量

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中国农业科学 2015年第9期48卷 1718-1726页

作者：张娜王国祥 Abacar Jose daniel 刘正辉丁承强唐设李刚华王绍华丁艳锋南京农业大学农学院南京农业大学生命科学实验中心江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心

【目的】稻米酚酸化合物是天然抗氧化物的重要来源,本研究建立糙米和精米中酚酸化合物的超高效液相色谱的定性定量方法,并分析其在籽粒中的分布特征。【方法】以没食子酸、原儿茶酸、龙胆酸、对羟基苯甲酸、绿原酸、香草酸、咖啡酸、丁... 详细信息

【目的】稻米酚酸化合物是天然抗氧化物的重要来源,本研究建立糙米和精米中酚酸化合物的超高效液相色谱的定性定量方法,并分析其在籽粒中的分布特征。【方法】以没食子酸、原儿茶酸、龙胆酸、对羟基苯甲酸、绿原酸、香草酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸、异阿魏酸、2-羟基肉桂酸和反式肉桂酸14种酚酸化合物标准品,对糙米和精米中酚酸进行定性和定量分析。色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm-Micron),流动相为0.1%乙酸水溶液(A)/乙腈(B),柱温30℃,流速为0.5 m L·min-1,采用梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为0—1 min,8%—10%B;1—2.5 min,10%—13%B;2.5—5.5 min,13%B;5.5—6 min,13%—21%B;6—6.5 min,21%—27%B;6.5—7.5 min,27%—50%B;7.5—9 min,50%—100%B;9—12 min,100%B;12—12.5 min,100%—8%B。检测波长为280和325 nm。【结果】14种酚酸在8 min内完全分离,经质谱鉴定,精米及糙米中检测出的物质共有11种,分别是没食子酸、龙胆酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸、异阿魏酸和反式肉桂酸。可进行定量分析的酚酸共8种,分别是对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸、异阿魏酸和反式肉桂酸,线性范围为5—220μg·m L-1(R2=0.9994—0.9999),检出限为0.002—0.03μg·m L-1,定量限为0.004—0.08μg·m L-1,回收率为84.11%—114.43%。对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸、异阿魏酸和反式肉桂酸在精米和糙米中的含量差异显著,其中对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸和反式肉桂酸集中存在于胚乳外层中,精米/糙米含量百分比变幅为4.52%—16.73%。而异阿魏酸在稻米籽粒中分布较均匀,其精米/糙米含量百分比达到45.86%。【结论】该方法简便、快速、准确、可靠,不仅适合稻米中酚酸化合物的含量测定,而且对于其他谷物中酚酸化合物含量的测定也具有一定参考价值。

关键词：酚酸超高效液相色谱糙米精米

Adiponectin as a protective factor in hepatic steatosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第12期11卷 1737-1741页

作者： Nahum Méndez-Sánchez Norberto C.Chávez-Tapia Antonio R.Villa Karla Sánchez-Lara daniel Zamora-Valdés Martha H.Ramos Misael Uribe Liver Research Unit Clinical Epidemiology Unit

AIM: Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are closely related to hepatic steatosis (HS), and adiponectin is a hepatic insulin sensitizer that has important effects in liver function. This study aims at investigating the relationship between serum adiponectin concentration and the presence of HS. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study in a check-up unit of a University Hospital in Mexico City. We enrolled 196 subjects, comprising 98 subjects with HS (27 women, 71 men) and 98 controls (37 women and 61 men). Anthropometric, metabolic and biochemical variables were measured in the two groups. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were determined, their association with grade of HS tested, and concentrations, according to quartiles, compared between cases and controls. X2 analysis for linear trends was used to test for a dose-response relationship and logistic regression analysis was conducted to test for a protective effect of adiponectin. RESULTS: The HS subjects were older and more obese than controls, with a central obesity pattern. In the fourth quartile of adiponectin concentrations, HS was less common and severe. In a multivariate model of the fourth quartile of the adiponectin concentrations, we observed a protective effect (OR = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.04-0.67, P= 0.01). In subjects with more severe HS, we observed higher leptin concentrations, and caloric intakes, total fat and iron consumption were higher than in controls. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that a high serum concentration of adiponectin is associated with a protective effect against HS.

关键词： Adiponectin Hepatic steatosis Leptin Diet

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念旧的巴黎人

旅行者 2019年第6期 12-13页

作者：叶天雄不详

昨天,用玻璃金字塔让卢浮宫重获新生的建筑师贝聿铭离世,巴黎人无比惋惜,他们感谢贝聿铭用他的胆识和现代手法为卢浮宫带来的时代新风貌。卢浮宫博物馆如此悼念贝聿铭:"是您让卢浮宫博物馆的玻璃金字塔入口成为了和蒙娜丽莎齐名的杰作。”

关键词：巴黎人卢浮宫博物馆贝聿铭现代手法蒙娜丽莎金字塔建筑师玻璃

Regional patterns of atrophy on MRI in Alzheimer’s disease: Neuropsychological features and progression rates in the ADNI cohort

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2013年第4期2卷 135-147页

作者： Ranjan Duara David A. Loewenstein Qian Shen Warren Barker Maria T. Greig daniel Varon Melissa E. Murray Dennis W. Dickson Department of Neurology Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami USA Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Miami USA Mayo Clinic Jacksonville USA Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Disorders Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami Beach USA

Background: Discrete clinical and pathological subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with variable presentations and rates of progression are well known. These subtypes may have specific patterns of regional brain atrophy, which are identifiable on MRI scans. Methods: To examine distinct regions which had distinct underlying patterns of cortical atrophy, factor analytic techniques applied to structural MRI volumetric data from cognitively normal (CN) (n = 202), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) (n = 333) or mild AD (n = 146) subjects, in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database was applied. This revealed the existence of two neocortical (NeoC-1 and NeoC-2), and a limbic cluster of atrophic brain regions. The frequency and clinical correlates of these regional patterns of atrophy were evaluated among the three diagnostic groups, and the rates of progression from aMCI to AD, over 24 months were evaluated. Results: Discernable patterns of regional atrophy were observed in about 29% of CN, 55% of aMCI and 83% of AD subjects. Heterogeneity in clinical presentation and APOE ε4 frequency were associated with regional patterns of atrophy on MRI scans. The most rapid progression rates to dementia among aMCI subjects (n = 224), over a 24-month period, were in those with NeoC-1 regional impairment (68.2%), followed by the Limbic regional impairment (48.8%). The same pattern of results was observed when only aMCI amyloid positive subjects were examined. Conclusions: The neuroimaging results closely parallel findings described recently among AD patients with the hippocampal sparing and limbic subtypes of AD neuropathology at autopsy. We conclude that NeoC-1, Limbic and other patterns of MRI atrophy may be useful markers for predicting the rate of progression of aMCI to AD and could have utility selecting individuals at higher risk for progression in clinical trials.

关键词： Subtypes Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI preMCI Amnestic MCI Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia MRI Hippocampal Volume Algorithmic Diagnosis Clinical Diagnosis Neuropsychological Tests Longitudinal Analysis Regional Atrophy