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Advances in fungal-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metals:A review

Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 475-495页

作者： Muhammad KHALID Saeed UR-RAHMAN danial hassani Kashif HAYAT Pei ZHOU Nan HUI Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic&Developmental Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture(South)of Ministry of AgriculturePlant Biotechnology Research CenterFudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D CenterSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Trace metals such as manganese(Mn),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)are essential for many biological processes in plant life cycles.However,in excess,they can be toxic and disrupt plant growth processes,which is economically undesirable for crop production.For this reason,processes such as homeostasis and transport control of these trace metals are of constant interest to scientists studying heavily contaminated habitats.Phytoremediation is a promising cleanup technology for soils polluted with heavy metals.However,this technique has some disadvantages,such as the slow growth rate of metal-accumulating plant species,low bioavailability of heavy metals,and long duration of remediation.Microbial-assisted phytoremediation is a promising strategy for hyperaccumulating,detoxifying,or remediating soil contaminants.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are found in association with almost all plants,contributing to their healthy performance and providing resistance against environmental stresses.They colonize plant roots and extend their hyphae to the rhizosphere region,assisting in mineral nutrient uptake and regulation of heavy metal acquisition.Endophytic fungi exist in every healthy plant tissue and provide enormous services to their host plants,including growth enhancement by nutrient acquisition,detoxification of heavy metals,secondary metabolite regulation,and enhancement of abiotic/biotic stress tolerance.The aim of the present work is to review the recent literature regarding the role of AMF and endophytic fungi in plant heavy metal tolerance in terms of its regulation in highly contaminated conditions.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi bioremediation endophytic fungi environmental stress metal tolerance microbe plant transporter soil contaminant

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Transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in Artemisia annua by AaYABBY5

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 3381-3395页

作者： Sadaf-Ilyas Kayani Qian Shen Saeed-ur Rahman Xueqing Fu Yongpeng Li Chen Wang danial hassani Kexuan Tang Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences Plant Biotechnology Research CenterFudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D CenterSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University200240 ShanghaiChina

Artemisia annua is a medicinal plant rich in terpenes and flavonoids with useful biological activities such as antioxidant,anticancer,and antimalarial activities.The transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in A.annua has not been well-studied.In this study,we identified a YABBY family transcription factor,AaYABBY5,as a positive regulator of anthocyanin and total flavonoid contents in A.annua.AaYABBY5 was selected based on its similar expression pattern to the phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),chalcone synthase(CHS),chalcone isomerase(CHI),and flavonol synthase(FLS)genes.A transient dual-luciferase assay in Nicotiana bethamiana with the AaYABBY5 effector showed a significant increase in the activity of the downstream LUC gene,with reporters AaPAL,AaCHS,AaCHI,and AaUFGT.The yeast one-hybrid system further confirmed the direct activation of these promoters by AaYABBY5.Gene expression analysis of stably transformed AaYABBY5 overexpression,AaYABBY5 antisense,and control plants revealed a significant increase in the expression of AaPAL,AaCHS,AaCHI,AaFLS,AaFSII,AaLDOX,and AaUFGT in AaYABBY5 overexpression plants.Moreover,their total flavonoid content and anthocyanin content were also found to increase.AaYABBY5 antisense plants showed a significant decrease in the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes,as well as a decrease in anthocyanin and total flavonoid contents.In addition,phenotypic analysis revealed deep purple-pigmented stems,an increase in the leaf lamina size,and higher trichome densities in AaYABBY5 overexpression plants.Together,these data proved that AaYABBY5 is a positive regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in A.annua.Our study provides candidate transcription factors for the improvement of flavonoid concentrations in A.annua and can be further extended to elucidate its mechanism of regulating trichome development.

关键词： transformed ammonia transient

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Different ligand-binding specifity of ANS caused by alternative splicing in variegated peach flower

Different ligand-binding specifity of ANS caused by alternat...

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遗传学与表观遗传学前沿暨第三届中国青年遗传学家论坛

作者： danial hassani Yingnan Chen Hailin Liu Shuxian Li Tongming Yin Key Lab of Forest Genetics and biotechnology Nanjing Forestry University

Peach was frequently observed to bear different colors of flowers on the same tree.Yet the genetic mechanism underlying this attractive phenomenon has not been completely elucidated.We sequenced and analyzed the key structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway,and found that the ANS gene of white flower contained a 129bp sequence that lacked in pink petals,which resulted in a deficient ANS protein in the white petals due to intron retention.ANS protein is a 2-oxoglutarate(20G)iron-dependent oxygenase enzyme responsible for the transformation of the colorless leucopelargonidin or leucocyanidin into the colored pigments.Homology modeling of the white and pink ANS revealed that inton retention caused the loss of FE 2:1 ligand in the white ANS,thereby diminished its affinity to ferricion,which eventually led to the dysfunction of the translated protein.In accordance to this finding,we detected extremely low level of cyanidin-based anthocyanin and virtually no pelargonidin-based anthocyanin in white petals by HPLC and LC/MS analyses.As a consequence,dysfunction of white ANS would result in the accumulation of colorless leucopelargonidin and leucocyanidin and block the conversion of substrates for the downstream enzymatic proteins,which in turn suppress the expression of the flavonoid biosynthesis genes in white petals.This speculation was verified by the results of qRT-PCR analysis in our study.

关键词： peach flower color variegation anthocyanin biosynthesis alternative splicing intron retention transposal element

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