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Serum LDL Promotes Microglial Activation and Exacerbates Demyelinating Injury in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1104-1114页

作者： Man Chen Yun‑Hui Chu Wen‑Xiang Yu Yun‑Fan You Yue Tang Xiao‑Wei Pang Hang Zhang Ke Shang Gang Deng Luo‑Qi Zhou Sheng Yang Wei Wang Jun Xiao dai‑shi tian Chuan Qin Department of Neurology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Neurology Hainan General HospitalHainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570311China

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS)accompanied by blood-brain barrier(BBB)*** in microglial lipid metabolism is believed to be closely associated with the neuropathology of ***,there is limited evidence on the functional relevance of circulating lipids in CNS demyelination,cellular metabolism,and microglial ***,we found that serum low-density lipoprotein(LDL)was positively correlated with markers of neurological damage in NMOSD *** addition,we demonstrated in a mouse model of NMOSD that LDL penetrates the CNS through the leaky BBB,directly activating *** activation leads to excessive phagocytosis of myelin debris,inhibition of lipid metabolism,and increased glycolysis,ultimately exacerbating myelin *** also found that therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing circulating LDL effectively reversed the lipid metabolic dysfunction in microglia and mitigated the demyelinating injury in *** findings shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the positive correlation between serum LDL and neurological damage,highlighting the potential therapeutic target for lowering circulating lipids to alleviate the acute demyelinating injury in NMOSD.

关键词： Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Low-density lipoprotein Microglia

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人工智能发展、干中学效应与技能溢价——基于内生技术进步模型的分析

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中国工业经济 2024年第2期 99-117页

作者：黄浩权戴天仕沈军暨南大学经济学院

人工智能技术正引领着新一轮科技革命和产业变革。在拥抱这些发展成果的同时,社会各界一直担忧人工智能发展会提升技能溢价,即扩大低技能劳动力与高技能劳动力之间的收入差距,并进一步扩大整个社会的收入差距。本文建立了一个内生技术... 详细信息

人工智能技术正引领着新一轮科技革命和产业变革。在拥抱这些发展成果的同时,社会各界一直担忧人工智能发展会提升技能溢价,即扩大低技能劳动力与高技能劳动力之间的收入差距,并进一步扩大整个社会的收入差距。本文建立了一个内生技术进步模型,通过引入劳动力的技能异质性,划分出新任务的创造和旧任务的自动化改造两种技术进步形式,并强调低技能劳动力的干中学效应,全面考察人工智能发展对技能溢价的影响。研究发现:考虑低技能劳动力的干中学效应后,新任务的创造在提升对高技能劳动力需求的同时会更大幅度地提升对低技能劳动力的需求,长期看会降低技能溢价;旧任务的自动化则会降低对低技能劳动力的需求,提升技能溢价。在此基础上,本文使用数值模拟方法,进一步量化分析了低技能劳动力的学习能力、新任务的创造效率以及高技能劳动力的供给等因素对技能溢价的影响。本文有助于理解人工智能发展对技能溢价的影响机制,为制定相关政策提供启示。

关键词：人工智能干中学效应技能溢价内生技术进步

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FSAP aggravated endothelial dysfunction and neurological deficits in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第2期7卷 466-478页

作者： dai-shi tian Chuan Qin Luo-Qi Zhou Sheng Yang Man Chen Jun Xiao Ke Shang Dale BBosco Long-Jun Wu Wei Wang Department of Neurology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030 WuhanChina'2Department of NeurologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA

Revascularization and angiogenesis,as substrates of sustained collateral circulation,play a crucial role in determining the severity and clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke(AIS)due to large vessel occlusion(LVO).Developing an adjunct biomarker to help identify and monitor collateral status would aid stroke diagnosis and *** screen the potential biomarkers,proteomic analysis was performed in this study to identify those distinct plasma protein profiles in AIS due to LVO with different collateral ***,we found that levels of Plasma Factor VII Activating Protease(FSAP)significantly increased in those AIS patients with poor collaterals,and were correlated with worse neurological ***,both in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke were used to explore pathological mechanisms of FSAP in endothelial *** demonstrated that the FSAP inhibitor,high-molecular-weight hyaluronan(HMW-HA),enhanced the pro-angiogenic vascular factors,improved the integrity of brain blood barrier,and promoted newly formed cerebral microvessels in the ischemic penumbra,consequently improving neurological *** elucidate the pathways that might contribute to revascularization during LVO,we applied transcriptomic analysis via unbiased RNA sequencing and showed that Wnt signaling was highly involved in FSAP mediated endothelial ***,inhibition of Wnt5a largely reversed the protective effects from HMW-HA treatment,implying that FSAP might aggravate endothelial dysfunction and neurological deficits by regulating Wnt5a ***,FSAP may represent a potential biomarker for collateral status after LVO and a promising therapeutic target to be explored in the treatment of stroke.

关键词： Wnt5a neurological protective

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Signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke:molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 2733-2761页

作者： Chuan Qin Sheng Yang Yun-Hui Chu Hang Zhang Xiao-Wei Pang Lian Chen Luo-Qi Zhou Man Chen dai-shi tian Wei Wang Department of Neurology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow,which induces severe neural injuries,and is one of the leading causes of death and disability ***,it is of great necessity to further detailly elucidate the mechanisms of ischemic stroke and find out new therapies against the *** recent years,efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke,including cellular excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,cell death processes,and *** the meantime,a plethora of signaling pathways,either detrimental or neuroprotective,are also highly involved in the forementioned *** pathways are closely intertwined and form a complex signaling ***,these signaling pathways reveal therapeutic potential,as targeting these signaling pathways could possibly serve as therapeutic approaches against ischemic *** this review,we describe the signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke and categorize them based on the pathophysiological processes they participate *** approaches targeting these signaling pathways,which are associated with the pathophysiology mentioned above,are also ***,clinical trials regarding ischemic stroke,which potentially target the pathophysiology and the signaling pathways involved,are summarized in ***,this review elucidated potential molecular mechanisms and related signaling pathways underlying ischemic stroke,and summarize the therapeutic approaches targeted various pathophysiology,with particular reference to clinical trials and future prospects for treating ischemic stroke.

关键词： therapeutic injuries protective

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Dual Functions of Microglia in Ischemic Stroke

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第5期35卷 921-933页

作者： Chuan Qin Luo-Qi Zhou Xiao-Tong Ma Zi-Wei Hu Sheng Yang Man Chen Dale B. Bosco Long-Jun Wu dai-shi tian Department of Neurology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Resident microglia are the principal immune cells of the brain, and the first to respond to the pathophysiological changes induced by ischemic stroke. Traditionally, it has been thought that microglial activation is deleterious in ischemic stroke, and therapies to suppress it have been intensively explored. However,increasing evidence suggests that microglial activation is also critical for neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and synaptic remodeling, thereby promoting functional recovery after cerebral ischemia. Here, we comprehensively review the dual role of microglia during the different phases of ischemic stroke, and the possible mechanisms controlling the post-ischemic activity of microglia. In addition, we discuss the dynamic interactions between microglia and other cells, such as neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,and endothelial cells within the brain parenchyma and the neurovascular unit.

关键词： Microglia Inflammation Ischemic stroke Signaling pathways

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Buckling optimization of curvilinear fiber-reinforced composite structures using a parametric level set method

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期19卷 149-160页

作者： Ye tian Tielin shi Qi XIA State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Owing to their excellent performance and large design space,curvilinear fiber-reinforced composite structures have gained considerable attention in engineering fields such as aerospace and *** addition to the stiffness and strength of such structures,their stability also needs to be taken into account in the *** study proposes a level-set-based optimization framework for maximizing the buckling load of curvilinear fiber-reinforced composite *** the proposed method,the contours of the level set function are used to represent fiber *** a composite laminate with a certain number of layers,one level set function is defined by radial basis functions and expansion coefficients for each ***,the fiber angle at an arbitrary point is the tangent orientation of the contour through this *** the finite element of buckling,the stiffness and geometry matrices of an element are related to the fiber angle at the element *** study considers the parallelism constraint for fiber *** the sensitivity calculation of the objective and constraint functions,the method of moving asymptotes is utilized to iteratively update all the expansion coefficients regarded as design *** numerical examples under different boundary conditions are given to validate the proposed *** show that the optimized curved fiber paths tend to be parallel and equidistant regardless of whether the composite laminates contain holes or ***,the buckling resistance of the final design is significantly improved.

关键词： buckling optimization curvilinear fiber composite structure level set method manufacturing constraint

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Ultralow-phase-noise and broadband frequency-hopping coupled optoelectronic oscillator under quiet point operation

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Photonics Research 2024年第8期12卷 1785-1793页

作者： HUI LIU MINGYANG GUO tian ZHANG JIAN dai KUN XU State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Advancements in microwave photonics have yielded novel approaches for generating high-purity microwave sources. Among these, optoelectronic oscillators（OEOs） and coupled optoelectronic oscillators（COEOs） have demonstrated the capability to generate frequency-independent microwaves with exceptionally low phase ***, the tunability of the oscillators is rather limited due to the necessity for narrowband electronic bandpass filters, presenting challenges in achieving both wide and rapid tuning capabilities. Here, we present a COEO featuring ultralow phase noise, flexible tuning capability, and high robustness. This is achieved through a quiet point（QP）-operated harmonic mode-locked fiber laser, which effectively mitigates optical amplifier noise and supermode competition, thus significantly diminishing the necessity for ultra-narrow electronic filters. Due to the liberated tuning ability, we present an oscillator that can be tuned from 2 GHz to 18 GHz, with phase noise as low as-140 d Bc/Hz at 10 k Hz under the QP operation. We then illustrate the practical application of the proposed oscillator in generating frequency-hopping signals with consistent spurious modes less than-85 d Bc,absolute phase noise below-135 d Bc/Hz at 10 k Hz, hopping resolution of 1.25 MHz, and fractional frequency stability below 6.1 × 10-12at 1 s averaging time when locked to a reference. The presented COEO structure emerges as a compelling solution for agile and low-noise microwave sources in advanced wireless communication and radar systems.

关键词： Bandpass filters Beam splitters Microwave photonics Mode-locked fiber lasers Optical amplifiers Phase noise

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Systematic study of the synthesis of heavy and superheavy nuclei in 48Ca-induced fusion-evaporation reactions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第7期35卷 157-172页

作者： shi-Hao Zhu tian-Liang Zhao Xiao-Jun Bao Department of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum EffectsKey Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of EducationHunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China School of Physics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

We systematically studied the evaporation residue cross sections of ^(48)Ca-induced reactions on lanthanide and actinide target nuclei under the Dinuclear System(DNS)model framework to check the reliability and applicability of the *** produce new proton-rich Fl and Lv isotopes through hot fusion reactions in the superheavy element region with Z≥104,we utilized the reactions ^(48)Ca+^(236,238,239) Pu and ^(48)Ca+^(242,243,244,250) ***,owing to the detection limit of available equipment(0.1 pb),only 283Fl and 287−289Lv,which have the maximum evaporation residue cross section values of 0.149,0.130,9.522,and 0.309 pb,respectively,can be ***,to produce neutron-deficient isotopes of actinides near the proton drip line with Z=93−100,we attempted to generate the new isotopes(224−227Pu,228−232,237Cm)using the reactions ^(48)Ca+180,182,183 W and ^(48)Ca+^(184,186,187,192) *** maximum evaporation residue cross section values are 0.07,0.06,0.26,and 0.30 nb for the former set of reactions,and 1.96 pb,5.73 pb,12.16 pb,19.39 pb,54.79 pb,and 6.45 nb for the latter,*** results are expected to provide new information for the future synthesis of unknown neutron-deficient isotopes.

关键词： Dinuclear system(DNS)model Evaporation residue cross section Neutron-deficient isotopes

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CoFe_(2)O_(4) decorated graphene/C_(18)-functionalized mesoporous silica nanocomposites prepared for magnetic enrichment and electrochemical detection of promethazine in beef

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 208-213页

作者： Xingdong Yang shi-Ming Ying Sen Zhang Jinxia dai Wei Gao tian-Qi Wang Jun-Qin Qiao Hong-Zhen Lian Li Mao State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering and Centre of Materials AnalysisNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Ministry of Education(MOE)Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China

Promethazine(PHZ)is used as a sedative in veterinary medicine,and its residue can threaten the health of *** electrochemical detection of PHZ is suitable method for application in the ***,the traditional electroanalysis is difficult to perform directly in meat samples due to matrix *** work integrates magnetic solid-phase extraction and differential pulse voltammetry for highly sensitive and selective determination of PHZ in beef and beef liver for the first ***_(2)O_(4)/graphene coated with C_(18)-functionalized mesoporous silica(MG@mSiO_(2)-C_(18))is synthesized as dispersed magnetic adsorbent to extract *** glassy carbon electrode modified with nitrogen-doped hollow carbon microspheres(HCM)attracts the MG@mSiO_(2)-C_(18)with PHZ,and directly detects the PHZ without elution ***@mSiO_(2)-C_(18)can separate PHZ to avoid the interference of impurities on following detection,and also concentrate PHZ on magnetic ***,the electrode modification with HCM can amplify the electrochemical signal of ***,the integrated PHZ determination method exhibits a wide linear range from 0.08μmol/L to 300μmol/L with a low limit of detection of 9.8 nmol/*** beef sample analysis presents excellent recovery,demonstrating that this protocol is promising for the rapid and onsite detection of PHZ in real meat samples。

关键词： Promethazine(PHZ) Drug residue Magnetic solid phase extraction Electrochemical detection Beef

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Effect of streamlined nose length on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train with a speed of 400 km/h

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第7期25卷 525-540页

作者： Nianxun LI tian LI Zhiyuan dai Deng QIN Jiye ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

The streamlined nose length(SNL)plays a crucial role in determining the aerodynamic performance of high-speed *** appropriate SNL can not only effectively reduce the magnitude of aerodynamic drag and lift forces,but also improve the performance of the high-speed train in tunnel passing and crosswind *** this study,a numerical simulation of the aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains at a speed of 400 km/h,with varying SNLs,is conducted using the k-ωshear stress transport(SST)turbulence *** different SNLs include 6.0,7.0,8.0,9.0,9.8,12.0,15.0,and 18.0 *** order to validate the accuracy of the numerical simulation,its results are compared with wind tunnel test data obtained from the *** simulation is carried out using compressible and incompressible gases to determine the effect of gas compressibility on *** impact of SNL on the aerodynamic performance of the trains is analyzed in terms of aerodynamic forces,velocity,and pressure *** comparison to the original train,the train with a 6.0 m SNL experienced a 10.8%increase in overall aerodynamic ***,the lift forces on the head and tail cars increased by 35.7%and 75.5%,*** the other hand,the train with an 18.0 m SNL exhibited a 16.5%decrease in aerodynamic ***,the lift forces on the head and tail cars decreased by 21.9%and 49.7%,*** aerodynamic drag force of the entire train varies linearly with the SNL,while the aerodynamic lift of the tail car follows a quadratic function in relation to the SNL.

关键词： Streamlined nose length(SNL) High-speed train Aerodynamic performance Numerical simulation Flow structures

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