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Building Simulation 2021年第4期14卷 1189-1200页

作者： timur dogan Patrick Kastner Cornell University Department of ArchitectureEnvironmental Systems LaboratoryEast Sibley HallIthacaNY14850USA

Building energy modeling software generally comes with capable airflow network solvers for natural ventilation evaluation in multi-zone building energy models. These approaches rely on arrays of pressure coefficients representing different wind directions derived from simple box-shaped buildings without contextual obstructions. For urban or obstructed sites, or more complex building shapes, however, further evaluation is needed to avoid geometric oversimplification. In this study, we present an automated and easy-to-use simulation workflow for OpenFOAM-based exterior airflow simulations to generate arrays of pressure coefficients for arbitrary building shapes and contextual situations. The workflow is compared to other methods commonly used to obtain pressure coefficients for natural ventilation analysis. Finally, we assess for which climate zones and building types modelers should rely on more accurate CFD-based pressure coefficients and where it may be justifiable to rely on easier and readily available analytical approaches to determine pressure coefficients. Results suggest that existing workflows lead to significant error in predicted comfort hours for climates in the Global South and modelers should consider CFD-based facade pressure coeficients.

关键词： natural ventilation airflow networks EnergyPlus pressure coefficients computational fluid dynamics

The Silk roads: phylogeography of Central Asian dice snakes (Serpentes: Natricidae) shaped by rivers in deserts and mountain valleys

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 150-162页

作者： Daniel Jablonski Konrad Mebert Rafaqat Masroor Evgeniy Simonov Oleg Kukushkin timur Abduraupov Sylvia Hofmann Department of Zoology Comenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia Global Biology BirrSwitzerland Pakistan Museum of Natural History ShakarparianIslamabadPakistan Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia T.I.Vyazemski Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve—Branch of A.0.Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas TheodosiaCrimea Zoological Institute of the RAS Saint PetersbourgRussia Institute of Zoology Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanYunusabadTashkentUzbekistan Museum Koenig Bonn LIBLeibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity ChangeBonnGermany UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Department of Conservation BiologyPermoserstrasse 1504318 LeipzigGermany

Influenced by rapid changes in climate and landscape features since the Miocene,widely distributed species provide suitable models to study the environmental impact on their evolution and current genetic *** dice snake Natrix tessellata,widely distributed in the Western Palearctic is one such *** aimed to resolve a detailed phylogeography of *** with a focus on the Central Asian clade with 4 and the Anatolia clade with 3 mitochondrial lineages,trace their origin,and correlate the environmental changes that affected their distribution through *** expected time of divergence of both clades began at 3.7 Mya in the Pliocene,reaching lineage differentiation approximately 1 million years *** genetic diversity in both clades is rich,suggesting different ancestral areas,glacial refugia,demographic changes,and colonization *** Caspian lineage is the most widespread lineage in Central Asia,distributed around the Caspian Sea and reaching the foothills of the Hindu Kush Mountains in Afghanistan,and Eastern European lowlands in the *** distribution is limited by deserts,moun-tains,and cold steppe ***,Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan lineages followed the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya water systems in Central Asia,with ranges delimited by the large Kyzylkum and Karakum *** the western side,there are several lineages within the Anatolia clade that converged in the central part of the peninsula with 2 being endemic to Western *** distribution of both main clades was affected by expansion from their Pleistocene glacial refugia around the Caspian Sea and in the valleys of Central Asia as well as by environmental changes,mostly through aridification.

关键词： biogeography colonization Eurasia genetic diversity mitochondrial DNA Paratethys refugia water snakes.

Analytical Determination of Size and Location of Roadside Horizontal Sightline Offsets for Compound Curves

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第1期14卷 119-135页

作者： timur Mauga Department of Civil Engineering The American University in Dubai Dubai UAE

AASHTO’s guideline for geometric design of highways and similar guidelines require that roadside areas on the inside of horizontal curves be cleared of high objects to provide stopping sight distance. The guidelines have analytical models for determining the extent of clearance, known as the horizontal sightline offset or clearance offset, for simple curves. Researchers in the past have developed analytical models for clearance offsets for spiraled and reverse curves. Very few researchers developed analytical models for available sight distances for compound curves. Still missing are models for horizontal sightline offsets and locations of the offsets for compound curves. The objective of this paper is to present development of analytical models and charts for determining horizontal sightline offsets and their locations for compound curves. The paper considers curves whose component arcs are individually shorter than stopping sight distance. The resulting models and the charts have been verified with accurate values determined using graphical methods. The models and the charts will find application in geometric design of highway compound curves.

关键词： Sight Distance Roadside Clearance Offsets Compound Curves

Recent progress in CFD for naval architecture and ocean engineering

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第1期27卷 1-23页

作者： STERN Frederick WANG Zhaoyuan YANG Jianming SADAT-HOSSEINI Hamid MOUSAVIRAAD Maysam BHUSHAN Shanti DIEZ Matteo YOON Sung-Hwan WU Ping-Chen YEON Seong Mo dogan timur KIM Dong-Hwan VOLPI Silvia CONGER Michael MICHAEL Thad XING Tao THODAL Robert S. GRENESTEDT Joachim L. IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering University of Iowa Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems Mississippi State University CNR-INSEAN Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Idaho Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Lehigh University

An overview is provided of CFDShip-Iowa modeling, numerical methods and high performance computing （HPC）, including both current V4.5 and V5.5 and next generation V6. Examples for naval architecture highlight capability and needs. High fidelity V6 simulations for ocean engineering and fundamental physics describe increased resolution for analysis of physics of fluids. Uncertainty quantification research is overviewed as the first step towards development stochastic optimization.

关键词： CFD naval architecture ocean engineering

Cluster Analysis of the Roma-BZCAT Blazars

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第5期24卷 117-139页

作者： Dmitry O.Kudryavtsev Yulia V.Sotnikova Vladislav A.Stolyarov timur V.Mufakharov Valery V.Vlasyuk Margarita L.Khabibullina Alexander G.Mikhailov Yulia V.Cherepkova Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Arkhyz 369167Russia Astrophysics Group Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB3 OHEUK Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya StKazan 420008Russia

Based on the collected multiwavelength data, namely in the radio(NVSS, FIRST, RATAN-600), IR(WISE),optical(Pan-STARRS), UV(GALEX), and X-ray(ROSAT, Swift-XRT) ranges, we have performed a cluster analysis for the blazars of the Roma-BZCAT catalog. Using two machine learning methods, namely a combination of PCA with k-means clustering and Kohonen's self-organizing maps(SOMs), we have constructed an independent classification of the blazars(five classes) and compared the classes with the known Roma-BZCAT classification(FSRQs, BL Lacs, galaxy-dominated BL Lacs, and blazars of an uncertain type) as well as with the high synchrotron peaked(HSP) blazars from the 3HSP catalog and blazars from the TeVCat catalog. The obtained groups demonstrate concordance with the BL Lac/FSRQ classification along with a continuous character of the change in the properties. The group of HSP blazars stands out against the overall distribution. We examine the characteristics of the five groups and demonstrate distinctions in their spectral energy distribution shapes. The effectiveness of the clustering technique for objective analysis of multiparametric arrays of experimental data is demonstrated.

关键词： methods data analysis-galaxies active-(galaxies:)BL Lacertae objects general

Cancer immunotherapy with envelopedself-amplifying mRNA CARG-2020 thatmodulates IL-12,IL-17 and PD-L1 pathways toprevent tumor recurrence

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 335-349页

作者： Ju Chen Bhaskara Reddy Madina Elham Ahmadi timur Olegovich Yarovinsky Marie Marthe Krady Eileen Victoria Meehan Isabella China Wang Xiaoyang Ye Elise Pitmon Xian-Yong Ma Bijan Almassian Valerian Nakaar Kepeng Wang Department of Immunology School of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06030USA CaroGen Corporation FarmingtonCT 06030USA The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineFoshan 528000China The Loomis Chaffee School WindsorCT 06095USA

Targeting multiple immune mechanisms may overcome therapy resistance and further improve cancer immunotherapy for ***,we describe the application of virus-like vesicles(VLV)for delivery of three immunomodulators alone and in combination,as a promising approach for cancer *** vectors were designed to deliver single chain interleukin(IL)-12,shorthairpin RNA(shRNA)targeting programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1),and a dominant-negative form of IL-17 receptor A(dn-IL17RA)as a single payload or as a combination *** delivery of the VLV vector expressing IL-12 alone,as well as the trivalent vector(designated CARG-2020)eradicated large established ***,only CARG-2020 prevented tumor recurrence and provided long-term survival benefit to the tumor-bearing mice,indicating a benefit of the combined *** abscopal effects of CARG-2020 on the non-injected contralateral tumors,as well as protection from the tumor cell re-challenge,suggest immune-mediated mechanism of protection and establishment of immunological ***,CARG-2020 potently activates Th1 immune mechanisms and inhibits expression of genes related to T cell exhaustion and cancer-promoting *** ability of CARG-2020 to prevent tumor recurrence and to provide survival benefit makes it a promising candidate for its development for human cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： Virus-like vesicles Oncolytic virus IL-12 IL-17 PD-L1 T cell exhaustion Combination therapy Cancer immunotherapy

Piezo1 expression in chondrocytes controls endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis development

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 199-214页

作者： Laura J.Brylka Assil-Ramin Alimy Miriam E.A.Tschaffon-Müller Shan Jiang Tobias Malte Ballhause Anke Baranowsky Simon von Kroge Julian Delsmann Eva Pawlus Kian Eghbalian Klaus Püschel Astrid Schoppa Melanie Haffner-Luntzer David J.Beech Frank Timo Beil Michael Amling Johannes Keller Anita Ignatius timur A.Yorgan Tim Rolvien Thorsten Schinke Department of Osteology and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics University Medical Center UlmBadenWürttemberg89081 UlmGermany Department Legal Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLS29JT LeedsUK

Piezo proteins are mechanically activated ion channels,which are required for mechanosensing functions in a variety of cell *** we and others have previously demonstrated that the expression of Piezo1 in osteoblast lineage cells is essential for boneanabolic processes,there was only suggestive evidence indicating a role of Piezo1 and/or Piezo2 in *** we addressed the question if and how chondrocyte expression of the mechanosensitive proteins Piezo1 or Piezo2 controls physiological endochondral ossification and pathological osteoarthritis(OA)*** with chondrocyte-specific inactivation of Piezo1(Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre)),but not of Piezo2,developed a near absence of trabecular bone below the chondrogenic growth plate ***,all Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) animals displayed multiple fractures of rib bones at 7 days of age,which were located close to the growth *** skeletal growth was only mildly affected in these mice,OA pathologies were markedly less pronounced compared to littermate controls at 60 weeks of ***,when OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection,only the chondrocyte inactivation of Piezo1,not of Piezo2,resulted in attenuated articular cartilage ***,osteophyte formation and maturation were also reduced in Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) *** further observed increased Piezo1 protein abundance in cartilaginous zones of human ***,we identified Ptgs2 and Ccn2 as potentially relevant Piezo1 downstream genes in ***,our data do not only demonstrate that Piezo1 is a critical regulator of physiological and pathological endochondral ossification processes,but also suggest that Piezo1 antagonists may be established as a novel approach to limit osteophyte formation in OA.

关键词： Piezo1 markedly ossification

Hetero-integrated high-peak-optical-power laser source(940 nm) for time-of-flight sensors

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第7期22卷 86-90页

作者： Sergey Olegovich Slipchenko Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Podoskin Ilia Vasil'evich Shushkanov Marina Gennad'evna Rastegaeva Artem Eduardovich Rizaev Matvey Igorevich Kondratov Artem Evgen'evich Grishin Nikita Aleksandrovich Pikhtin timur Anatol'evich Bagaev Maxim Anatol'evich Ladugin Aleksandr Anatol'evich Marmalyuk Vladimir Aleksandrovich Simakov Ioffe Institut Russian Academy of Sciences RUDN University Open Joint-Stock Company M.F.Stel'makh Polyus Research Institute

The generation of high-power laser pulses using a compact hetero-integrated assembly based on a semiconductor laser with a dual-element composite 2 μm × 100 μm aperture and a compact heterothyristor switch is demonstrated. The achieved peak optical power was 33 W with a pulse duration of 3 ns at a thyristor operating voltage of 55 V. The leading edge of the laser pulse turn-on was 50 ps to a power level of 24.7 W, and the turn-on delay between the elements of the composite aperture was 160 ps.

关键词： Diode lasers High power lasers Laser arrays Laser sources Semiconductor lasers Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Migration of organic carbon and trace elements in the system glacier-soil in the Central Caucasus alpine environment

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3458-3474页

作者： Ivan KUSHNOV Evgeny ABAKUMOV Rustam TEMBOTOV timur NIZAMUTDINOV Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 University EmbankmentSt Petersburg199034Russia Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories of Russian Academy of Sciences 7a I.Armand StreetNalchik360051Russia

Rapid deglaciation is one of the most important challenges in the Earth science *** reason of this is specific supraglacial sediments–cryoconites,which represent carbon-containing dust with organomineral matter and living *** of physical and chemical characteristics of cryoconites in the Central Caucasus is necessary in order to understand their influence on alpine territories biogeochemical cycles,pollution and development in conditions of intensive glacial melting and active anthropogenic *** this research cryoconites as well as moraines,soil-like bodies and soils have been sampled from the alpine Bezengi Glacier and adjacent Khulamo-Bezengi *** physicochemical features(pH values,total organic carbon content,microbial respiration,particle-size distribution)as well as content of trace elements have been defined in sampled materials and several pollution indices(Geoaccumulation index,Contamination factor and Degree of pollution)have been *** obtained show low values of total organic carbon in cryoconites(max.0.23%)but high values(max.7.54%)in top horizon of soils located in floodplain,indicating its active fluvioglacial transfer which may further accelerate the development of *** activity in the studied soils was mostly influenced by additional input of labile organic carbon from cryoconites with water ***-size distribution was similar among the studied cryoconites,indicating dominance of sand fraction(up to 85.28%)while studied soils showed higher variability due to influence of *** the trace elements,cryoconites were mostly polluted by Zn(max.85.70 mg·kg^(-1))which corresponds to high pollution according to pollution indices;Pb(max.24.90 mg·kg^(-1))and Cu(max.17.40 mg·kg^(-1)),up to moderate pollution *** of polluted cryoconite material as well as local anthropogenic activities increased pollution of periglacial soils by Zn(max.89.20 mg·kg^(-1)),Pb(m

关键词： Cryoconites Umbrisols Leptosols Pollution Caucasus mountain range

Sediments from cryoconite holes and dirt cones on the surface of Svalbard glaciers:main chemical and physicochemical properties

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第2期42卷 346-359页

作者： timur Nizamutdinov Bulat Mavlyudov Vyacheslav Polyakov Evgeny Abakumov Department of Applied Ecology Faculty of BiologySt.Petersburg State University16th Liniya V.O.29St.PetersburgRussia 199178 Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of GeographyMoscowRussia 119017

The paper discussed the influence of the forms of sediment accumulation on the surface of glaciers on their chemical and physicochemical *** materials sampled from the surface of five glaciers of the Svalbard Archipelago was *** studied such forms of sediment accumulation as dirt cones-the ice core covered with sediments and cryoconite holes-hollows on the glacier surface containing cryoconite *** such as total organic carbon content,microbiological activity,pH,the content of mobile forms of potassium and phosphorus,and concentrations of heavy and trace metals were ***,mesomorphological studies were carried out and the polydisperse composition of the sediments was *** to the results of this work,it was found that the content of organic carbon in the material selected from dirt cones and cryoconite holes can be up to 2.5%,but the content of clay particles in it is mainly at the 10–15%*** concentrations are up to 250 mg/kg,and phosphorus is up to 800 mg/*** content of metals is typical or lower than in the previously published *** main influence on the chemical composition of materials has a geographical factor of the sampling site,rather than the form of material accumulation.

关键词： Arctic Soil-like bodies Glacier sediments Accumulation