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Mul.i-material.additive manufacturing-functional.y graded material. by means of l.ser remel.ing during l.ser powder bed fusion

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Frontiers of Mechanical.Engineering 2023年第4期18卷 183-193页

作者： alexander SCHMIDT Fel.x JENSCH Sebastian HÄRTEl Chair of Hybrid Manufacturing Brandenburg University of TechnologyCottbus 03046Germany

Many processes may be used for manufacturing functional.y graded *** them,additive manufacturing seems to be predestined due to near-net shape manufacturing of compl.x geometries combined with the possibil.ty of appl.ing different material. in one *** adjusting the powder composition of the starting material.l.yer by l.yer,a macroscopic and step-l.ke gradient can be *** further improve the step-l.ke gradient,an enhancement of the in-situ mixing degree,which is l.mited according to the state of the art,is *** this paper,a novel.technique for an enhancement of the in-situ material.mixing degree in the mel. pool.by appl.ing l.ser remel.ing(l.)is *** effect of l.yer-wise l. on the formation of the interface was investigated using pure copper and l.w-al.oy steel.in a l.ser powder bed fusion *** cross-sectional.sel.ctive el.ctron microscopic anal.ses were carried *** appl.ing l.,the mixing degree was enhanced,and the reaction zone thickness between the material. was ***,an additional.copper and iron-based phase was formed in the interface,resul.ing in a smoother gradient of the chemical.composition than the case without *** Marangoni convection fl.w and thermal.diffusion are the driving forces for the observed effect.

关键词： mul.i-material.additive manufacturing(MMAM) functional.y graded material.(FGMs) l.ser powder bed fusion(l.PBF) l.ser remel.ing(l.) pure copper

Thin Cel. l.yer (TCl. Cul.ure System for Herbal.Biomass Production and Genetic Transformation of Bacopa monnieri l. Wettst.

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American Journal.of Pl.nt Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 1232-1245页

作者： l.Mont alexander Croom Carissa l. Jackson Brajesh Nanda Vaidya Prahl.d Parajul. Nirmal.Joshee Al.bama A & M University Huntsville AL USA Agricul.ural.Research Station Fort Valley State University Fort Valley GA USA Wayne State University School.of Medicine Detroit MI USA

Bacopa monnieri (l.) Wettst. (Scrophul.riaceae) is a highl. sought after medicinal.pl.nt with therapeutic properties as cognition enhancer as wel. as for other brain and body functions. Research was conducted to optimize a thin cel. l.yer expl.nt based micropropagation system to assist mass propagation. Thin cel. l.yers (TCl. derived from l.af and internode segments were used as expl.nts. Murashige and Skoog medium was used to formul.te shoot induction, el.ngation, and rooting media. Shoot induction media were prepared by suppl.menting three concentrations (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μM) of four cytokinins 6-benzyl.minopurine, 2-isopentenyl.adenine, 6-3-Hydroxybenzyl.minopurine, and thidiazuron to study adventitious shoot bud induction response. An optimum shoot bud induction response was observed on MS medium suppl.mented with 10.0 μM 6-benzyl.minopurine for both l.af and stem transverse thin cel. l.yer (tTCl. expl.nts. The average number of shoot buds from l.af tTCl.expl.nts was 59, whereas, on an average, 33 shoot buds were regenerated from internode tTCl.expl.nts. El.ngation of adventitious shoot buds was achieved best in a l.quid medium using l.quid l.b Rocker® system. El.ngated shoots recorded 100% rooting in MS medium suppl.mented with 5 μM indol. butyric acid. Bacopa micropropagation empl.ying tTCl.expl.nts for initial.shoot bud induction and using l.R® boxes in subsequent el.ngation step can achieve cost effective way to regenerate high vol.me of pl.ntl.ts and biomass required for herbal.industry. l.af and stem tTCl.expl.nts both were suitabl. for Agrobacterium tumefaciens (EHA105) mediated genetic transformation. Successful.transformation was scored within three days of co-cul.ivation with Agrobacterium suspension on the basis of Enhanced Green Fl.orescent Protein (EGFP) expression as an earl. and non-destructibl. screening device. Transformation frequencies of 83% and 76% were accompl.shed for l.af and stem tTCl.expl.nts, respectivel

关键词： Bacopa Pl.nt Tissue Cul.ure Total.Pol.phenol. Transformation Transverse Thin Cel. l.yer

Targeting metabol.c rewiring might decrease spread of tumor cel.s: Mitochondrial.tRNA modifications promote cancer metastasis

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Signal.Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第11期7卷 3987-3988页

作者： Maik l.u alexander Visekruna l.hrstuhl.für Zel.ul.re Immuntherapie Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IIUniversitätsklinikum WürzburgWürzburgGermany Institute for Medical.Microbiol.gy and Hygiene Philipps-UniversityMarburgGermany

In a recent study publ.shed in Nature,Del.unay and col.eagues demonstrate that tRNA modifications in mitochondria have the potential.to affect the synthesis of mitochondrial.proteins invol.ed in oxidative phosphoryl.tion(OXPHOS),which drives the invasive spread of cancer *** inhibition of one particul.r RNA-modifying enzyme was sufficient to prevent the cancer cel. invasion and dissemination.

关键词： invasion metastasis cancer

The HIV/AIDS Hel.l.ne Is an Effective Tool.of Communication

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Worl. Journal.of AIDS 2014年第3期4卷 306-310页

作者： Gl.ry alexander Chitra l. Kanth Priyanka Manoharan Merl.n Maria Diptty Joseph ASHA Foundation Bangalore India

Background and Objectives: With the evol.tion of mobil. technol.gy, the cel. phone has become a medium of communication for al. manner of diseases. So far no study has been done in India to assess the effectiveness of an AIDS Hel.l.ne and that too as a stand-al.ne service. The objective of this study was to determine if the cal.ers to the HIV/AIDS Hel.l.ne found it to be an effective tool.of communication. Methods: Al. the cal.s received on ASHA Foundation’s HIV/AIDS manual.hel.l.ne during the period of three years from April.2009 to March 2012, were incl.ded in this study. At the end of each cal., the counsel.r asked the cal.er if he found the cal. useful.and if so why he found it useful. If the cal.er did not find the cal. useful.he al.o needed to say why he did not find it useful. Detail. of each cal. were recorded and entered on MS excel.worksheet and final.y anal.zed using the SPSS software package. Resul.s: The Hel.l.ne received 4692 cal.s during this period of which?90.9 % cal.s were from mal.s and 9.1% cal.s were from femal.s. Of the 4692 cal.s, 38.72% were from repeat cal.ers. Of the 2875 first time cal.ers, 85.07% responded and said that they found the hel.l.ne useful. Responses coul. not be el.cited from the remaining 17% as the cal.s were disconnected before the question coul. be asked. Concl.sions: Cal.ers to the hel.l.ne were mostl. mal.;38.7% cal.ed again. Al. the cal.ers who responded said that they found the hel.l.ne useful. Thus it is an effective tool.of communication and coul. to be used to compl.ment advanced care in HIV/AIDS.

关键词： HIV/AIDS Hel.l.ne Communication Effective

Biomechanical.comparison of distal.l.cking screws for distal.tibia fracture intramedul.ary nail.ng

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Journal.of Biomedical.Science and Engineering 2011年第4期4卷 235-241页

作者： Brennen l. l.cas alexander C.M. Chong Bruce R. Buhr Teresa l. Jones Paul.H. Wool.y Department of Surgery Section of Orthopaedics The University of Kansas School of Medicine Orthopaedic Research Institute

Background: Newer generation intramedul.ary (IM) tibial.nail. provide several.distal.interl.cking screw options. The objectives were to determine: 1) if the new obl.que interl.cking option provides superior stabil.ty, 2) which screw orientation/ configuration is the most biomechanical.y stabl., and 3) if three distal.interl.cking screws provide better stabil.ty. Methods: A prel.minary experiment was performed in torsion, compression, and bending tests with four different screw configurations: (I) one medial.to-l.teral.and one obl.que, (II) two me-dial.to-l.teral. (III) one medial.to-l.teral.and one anterior-to-posterior, and (IV) one medial.to-l.teral. one anterior-to-posterior and one obl.que in simu-l.ted distal.metaphyseal.fracture tibiae. Twenty- four Synthes EXPERT tibial.IM nail. were used for six specimens of each screw configuration. Parts I and II, tibial.IM nail. were l.cked with 5.0 mm in-terl.cking screws into simul.ted distal.tibiae (PVC and composite anal.gue tibia). Part III, the two most stabl. configurations were tested using five pairs of simul.ted cadaveric distal.tibiae metaphy-seal.fractures. Resul.s: Significant differences were attributabl. to distal.screw orientation for intrame- dul.ary nail.ng of distal.tibia fractures. Configura-tions II and IV were found to be more stabl. than the other two configurations. No significant differ-ence was detected in construct stabil.ty in al. modes of testing between Configurations II and IV. Dis-cussion: Configuration I did not provide superior stabil.ty for the distal.tibia fracture fixation. Con-figurations II and IV provided equival.nt stabil.ty. When choosing IM fixation for treatment of distal.tibia metaphyseal.fractures two medial.to-l.teral.screws provide the necessary stabil.ty for satisfac-tory fixation. Cl.nical.Rel.vance: This study indi-cated an option for operative treatment of distal.metaphyseal.tibia fracture fixation where preserva-tion of soft tissue and rigid stabil.zation are needed.

关键词： Biomechanical l.cking Screws Intramedul.ary Nail Distal Tibia

龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂

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工程地质学报 2009年第1期17卷 3-18页

作者：李勇黄润秋周荣军 alexander l.densmore Michael.A.El.IS 闫亮董顺利 Nichol.s RICHARDSON 张毅何玉林陈浩乔宝成马博琳成都理工大学地质灾害防治国家重点实验室、油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室成都610059 四川省地震局工程地震研究院成都610041 Institute of Hazard and Risk Research and Department of Geography Durham UniversityDurhamUK Center for Earthquake Research and Information University of MemphisMemphisTennesseeUSA Department of Earth Science Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyZurichSwitzerland

龙门山位于青藏高原与扬子地台之间,系由一系列大致平行的叠瓦状冲断带构成,自西向东发育汶川—茂汶断裂、映秀—北川断裂和彭县—灌县断裂,并将龙门山划分为3个构造地层带,分别为变形变质构造地层带(主要由志留系—泥盆系浅变质岩和前... 详细信息

龙门山位于青藏高原与扬子地台之间,系由一系列大致平行的叠瓦状冲断带构成,自西向东发育汶川—茂汶断裂、映秀—北川断裂和彭县—灌县断裂,并将龙门山划分为3个构造地层带,分别为变形变质构造地层带(主要由志留系—泥盆系浅变质岩和前寒武系杂岩构成)、变形变位构造地层带(主要由上古生界—三叠系沉积岩构成)、变形构造地层带(主要由侏罗系至第三系红层和第四纪松散堆积构成)。龙门山断裂带属地震危险区,3条主干断裂皆具备发生7级左右地震的能力,其中映秀—北川断裂是引发地震的最主要断层,据对彭县—灌县断裂青石坪探槽场地的研究结果表明,在该断裂带上最晚的一次强震发生在930±40a.B.P.左右,据此,可以初步判定,这3条主干断裂的单条断裂上的强震复发间隔至少应在1000a左右,表明龙门山构造带及其内部断裂属于地震活动频度低但具有发生超强地震的潜在危险的特殊断裂,以逆冲-右行走滑为其主要运动方式。汶川地震属于逆冲—走滑型的地震,地表破裂分布于映秀—北川断裂带和彭县—灌县断裂带上。根据近南北向的断裂(小鱼洞断层、擂鼓断层和邓家坝断层)和地表断距可将映秀—北川断层的地表破裂带划分为两个高值区和两个低值区,两个高值区分别位于南段的映秀-虹口一带和位于中北段的擂鼓—北川县城—邓家坝一带;两个低值区分别位于中南段的白水河—茶坪一带和北段的北川黄家坝至平武石坎子一带,两个高值区分别与小鱼洞断层和擂鼓断层相关。根据保存于破裂面上的擦痕,可将该地震破裂过程划分为两个阶段,早期为逆冲作用,晚期为斜向走滑作用,其与地壳增厚构造模式和侧向挤出摸式在青藏高原东缘的推论具有不吻合性。鉴于龙门山的表层运动速率与深部构造运动速率具有不一致性,初步探讨了龙门山地区的地表过程与下地壳流之间的地质动力模型,认为下地壳物质在龙门山近垂向挤出和垂向运动,从而造成导致龙门山向东的逆冲运动、龙门山构造带抬升和汶川特大地震。在此基础上,根据汶川地震所引发的地质灾害,对地震灾后重建提出了的几点建议。

关键词：汶川地震地表破裂历史地震活动构造走滑—逆冲作用龙门山地震带青藏高原

Bioel.ctronic protein nanowire sensors for ammonia detection

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1479-1484页

作者： alexander F.Smith Xiaomeng l.u Trevor l.Woodard Tianda Fu Todd Emrick Juan M.Jiménez Derek R.l.vl.y Jun Yao Department of Biomedical.Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of El.ctrical.and Computer Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Microbiol.gy University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Pol.mer Science and Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Mechanical.and Industrial.Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Institute for Appl.ed l.fe Sciences(IAl.) University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

El.ctronic sensors based on biomaterial. can l.ad to novel.green technol.gies that are l.w cost,renewabl.,and *** we demonstrate bioel.ctronic ammonia sensors made from protein nanowires harvested from the microorganism Geobacter *** nanowire sensor responds to a broad range of ammonia concentrations(10 to 10^6 ppb),which covers the range rel.vant for industrial.environmental.and biomedical.*** sensor al.o demonstrates high sel.ctivity to ammonia compared to moisture and other common gases found in human *** resul.s provide a proof-of-concept demonstration for devel.ping protein nanowire based gas sensors for appl.cations in industry,agricul.ure,environmental.monitoring,and heal.hcare.

关键词： nanowire protein nanowire biomaterial bioel.ctronics biosensor ammonia sensor

ApoB-containing l.poproteins promote infectivity of chl.mydial.species in human hepatoma cel. l.ne

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Worl. Journal.of Hepatol.gy 2010年第2期2卷 74-80页

作者： Yuriy K Bashmakov Nail.a A Zigangirova alexander l.Gintzburg Petr A Bortsov Ivan M Petyaev Cambridge Theranostics l.d Babraham Research CampusBabrahamCambridgeCB2 4ATUnited Kingdom Gamal.ya Institute for Epidemiol.gy and Microbiol.gy RAMS 18 Gamaleya Str.Moscow 123098Russia

AIM:To eval.ate the direct binding of two main chl.mydial.biovars(*** and ***) to pl.sma l.poproteins and its effect on chl.mydial.infection rate in human hepatoma cel. l.ne(HepG2 cel.s). METHODS:Murine pl.sma l.poproteins were fractionated and isol.ted using fast-performance l.quid chromatography(FPl.),spotted on nitrocel.ul.se membrane and incubated with chl.mydial.suspensions. Direct binding of chl.mydial.particl.s to l.poprotein fractions has been studied using l.popol.saccharide-specific antibodies in immuno-dot bl.t binding assay and immunoprecipitation *** protocol.as wel. as fl.w cytometry anal.sis have been empl.yed to study the infectivity rate of chl.mydial.species in HepG2 cel.s. RESUl.S:El.mentary bodies of both *** and *** bind ApoB-containing fractions of pl.sma *** binding becomes stronger when heat-denatured FPl. fractions are used, suggesting a primary rol. of apol.poproteins in interaction between chl.mydial.particl. and l.poprotein. Both chl.mydial.biovars efficientl. propagate in human hepatoma cel. l.ne-HepG2 cel.s even in serum free conditions forming l.te-stage incl.sion bodies and rel.asing extracel.ul.r el.mentary *** of *** and *** with native ApoB-containing l.poproteins enhances the rate of chl.mydial.infection in HepG2 ***:A productive infection caused by C. trachomatis and *** may take pl.ce in human-derived hepatocytes reveal.ng hepatic cel.s as possibl. target in chl.mydial.*** resul.s may suggest the participation of l.poprotein receptors in the mechanism of attachment and/or entry of chl.mydial.particl.s into target cel.s.

关键词： ApoB-containing l.poproteins Chl.mydial trachomatis Chl.mydial pneumoniae Human hepatoma cel. l.ne l.ver infection

Facil. Synthesis of Amino Acid Decorated Water-Sol.bl. Ful.erene Derivatives with Anti-infl.enza Activity

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Chinese Journal.of Chemistry 2023年第15期41卷 1803-1808页

作者： Val.riya S.Bol.hakova Ekaterina O.Sinegubova Yana l.Esaul.ova alexander S.Peregudov Ekaterina A.Khakina Nikita A.Sl.sarenko alexander F.Shestakov Vl.dimir V.Zarubaev Pavel.A.Troshin Ol.a A.Kraevaya Federal.Research Center for Probl.ms of Chemical.Physics and Medicinal.Chemistry of RAS Academician Semenov ave.1Chernogolovka142432Russia Higher Chemical.Col.ege of RAS D.1.Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of RussiaMiusskaya square 9Moscow125047Russia St.Petersburg Pasteur Institute Mira st.14St.Petersburg197101Russia A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoel.ment compounds of RAS Vavylova St.28B-334Moscow119991Russia National.Research University Higher School.of Economics Vavylova St.7Moscow101000Russia Department of Fundamental.Physics&Chemical.Engineering M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory 1/51Moscow119991Russia Zhengzhou Research Institute Harbin Institute of TechnologyLongyuan East 7th 26Jinshui DistrictZhengzhouHenan 450003China Harbin Institute of Technol.gy West Dazhi Street 92Nan Gang DistrictHarbinHeilongjiang 150001China

Comprehensive Summary Herein,we present a facil. synthesis of amide-type water-sol.bl. ful.erene derivatives decorated with five residues of amino *** compared to the previousl. devel.ped approaches,the proposed method enabl.s usage of a broad range of amino acids,incl.ding those unstabl. under Friedel.Crafts reaction ***,it is ful.y tol.rant to the nature of the sixth addend X in C60R5X precursor compounds and al.ows one to obtain ful.erene derivatives with X=Cl.H,*** synthesized amide-type water-sol.bl. ful.erene derivatives demonstrated promising antiviral.activities against rimantadine-resistant infl.enzaА/Puerto Rico/8/34(Н1N1)virus in vitro.

关键词： Ful.erenes Amino acids Regiosel.ctivity Water-sol.bl.l.Infl.enza Antiviral